Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Developing Active Tuberculosis Among People Living With HIV in Georgia 2019-2020 Cohort.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PHIV) globally. Our study is the first to evaluate TB incidence and its risk factors among PHIV in the country of Georgia, where previously no data were available.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among persons newly diagnosed with HIV in Georgia during 2019-2020.

Hybrid machine learning approach integrating GMDH and SVR for heavy metal concentration prediction in dust samples.

In agricultural regions prone to dust storms, heavy metal contamination of soil and crops from airborne particulates poses significant risks to food safety and public health. This study has assessed the potential of machine learning models for predicting concentrations of toxic heavy metals like arsenic, chromium, and lead in dust from the agricultural Sistan region of southeastern Iran. This region experiences frequent dust storms mobilizing particulates from local dried lakes onto agricultural lands.

Downregulation of LPAR1 Promotes Invasive Behavior in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells.

Background: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) has been identified as a biomarker in various cancer types. However, its biological function in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unknown.

Methods: LPAR1 was identified as a key regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PTC cells through bioinformatics analysis of TCGA and GEO datasets.

Understanding the seasonal dietary patterns of the golden jackal () for conservation implications in the Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Himalayas.

Background: Wild canids form an important component of the ecosystem but are generally less studied and least prioritized for conservation. Diet is fundamental for effective management and exhibits the role of a species in an ecosystem. Golden jackal ( Linnaeus, 1758), a medium-sized canid species is known for opportunistic and omnivorous foraging behavior.

Impact of Paternal Postpartum Depression on Maternal and Infant Health: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

Postpartum depression (PPD) has been widely studied, assessed, and promptly intervened in new mothers. However, paternal postpartum depression gained attention not long ago. Postpartum depression in men could present over one year following the birth of the child, frequently presenting with symptoms like irritability, low mood, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, fatigue, and loss of interest in everyday activities; amongst other symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder which may hinder them from taking care of themselves and the baby.

Associations of clinical and modifiable behavioral risk factors with the histological progression of squamous intraepithelial lesions.

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been established as a cause of invasive cervical cancer. However, HPV is predominantly transient and only a minority of cases persist and progress clinically.

Molecular modeling study to unravel complexation of daclatasvir and its enantiomer by β-cyclodextrins. Computational analysis using quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics.

A computational study was performed to unravel mechanisms underlying capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations of daclatasvir and its (R,R,R,R)-enantiomer with native and methylated β-cyclodextrins (β-CDs) as chiral selectors. Considering the enantioseparation results as benchmark, the structures of β-CD and seven methylated β-CDs were optimized by quantum mechanics, and their topography and computed molecular properties were compared. Furthermore, the electron charge density distribution of the macrocycles was also evaluated by calculating the molecular electrostatic potential of pivotal regions of native and methylated β-CDs.

Convergent evolution revealed by paraphyly and polyphyly of many taxa of oribatid mites: A molecular approach.

A reliable phylogeny is crucial for understanding the evolution and radiation of animal taxa. Phylogenies based on morphological data may be misleading due to frequent convergent evolution of traits-a problem from which molecular phylogenies suffer less. This may be particularly relevant in oribatid mites, an ancient soil animal taxon with more than 11,000 species, where the classification of species into high-ranking taxa such as superfamilies is equivocal.

Trust in government moderates the association between fear of COVID-19 as well as empathic concern and preventive behaviour.

With the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioural scientists aimed to illuminate reasons why people comply with (or not) large-scale cooperative activities. Here we investigated the motives that underlie support for COVID-19 preventive behaviours in a sample of 12,758 individuals from 34 countries. We hypothesized that the associations of empathic prosocial concern and fear of disease with support towards preventive COVID-19 behaviours would be moderated by trust in the government.

Lessons from COVID-19 for behavioural and communication interventions to enhance vaccine uptake.

The Covid pandemic has yielded new insights into psychological vaccine acceptance factors. This knowledge serves as a basis for behavioral and communication interventions that can increase vaccination readiness for other diseases.

Primary series COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among health care workers in the country of Georgia, March-December 2021.

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have suffered considerable morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Few data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) are available from middle-income countries in the WHO European Region. We evaluated primary series COVID-19 VE against laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among HCWs in Georgia.

A Systematic Review of the Cardiotoxic Effects of Targeted Therapies in Oncology.

Cancer therapy advancements have improved survival rates but also introduced significant cardiotoxic risks. Cardiotoxicity, a critical adverse effect of cancer treatments such as doxorubicin, trastuzumab, and radiotherapy, poses substantial challenges. This systematic review synthesizes findings from studies on cardiotoxicity induced by cancer therapies, focusing on detection and management.

Autonomic dysfunction as a possible cause of sudden cardiac death in swimming sports.

Introduction: Human diving reflex is a well-studied phenomenon. However, very little is known about the possible relationship between augmented diving reflex and autonomic dysfunction.

Methods: We retrospectively studied a group of four swimmers who underwent a diving reflex test as part of the examination due to symptoms related to autonomic dysfunction during swimming.

Adequate assessment yields appropriate care-the role of geriatric assessment and management in older adults with cancer: a position paper from the ESMO/SIOG Cancer in the Elderly Working Group.

With the aging population, older adults constitute a growing proportion of the new cancer cases. Given the heterogeneous health status among older adults and their susceptibility to aging-related vulnerabilities, understanding their diversity and its implications becomes increasingly crucial for prognostication and guiding diagnostics, treatment decisions, and follow-up, as well as informing supportive care interventions. Geriatric assessment and management (GAM) refers to the comprehensive evaluation of an older individual's health status with subsequent management plans focusing on both oncologic and non-oncologic interventions.

FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AFTER UNILATERAL OOPHORECTOMY.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the functional state of the reproductive system following unilateral oophorectomy (UO).

Materials And Methods: Forty-three patients (aged 7 to 38 years) who underwent unilateral oophorectomy were divided into three groups based on their age at the time of surgery: Group I (7-15 years), Group II (16-30 years), and Group III (30-38 years). The functional state of the reproductive system was assessed 3 months and 1 year after the procedure.

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SILVER NANOCOMPOSITES ON RIFAMPICIN-RESISTANT M. TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS.

Background: Control of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-MTB) requires novel technologies for restoring the anti-TB efficacy of priority drugs. We sought to evaluate the ability of nanotechnology application in the recovery of the anti-tuberculosis efficacy of rifampicin.

Methods: Nanocomposite- standard dose of rifampicin and 20 nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) suspension solution of 6 different concentrations: 0.

NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF PREGNANT WOMEN INCLUDING BARIATRIC SURGERY.

A healthy, balanced diet of a pregnant woman is an integral part for the full development of the fetus, mainly pregnant women receive the mentioned recommendations from gynecologists, because consulting a nutritionist is less mandatory at this stage still in our country. Since obesity is highly prevalent paralleling the globe, especially among the European population but nevertheless it's a preventable risk factor which is associated with negative outcomes for both mother and fetus. That's where bariatric surgery plays an important role, that has increased among women for an achievable pregnancy but being overweight prevents it.

A novel STAG1 variant associated with congenital clubfoot and microphthalmia: A case report.

The cohesin protein complex plays a vital role in various cellular processes such as sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. It is constituted by SMC1, SMC3, RAD21, STAG1/STAG2 subunits, and several regulatory proteins. Pathogenic variants in these components cause cohesinopathies, with common clinical features including facial dysmorphism, delayed growth, developmental delay, and limb anomalies.

Evaluation of the potentially toxic elements and radionuclides in the soil sample of Novaya Zemlya in the Arctic Circle.

The study presented here elucidate the concentrations of radionuclides and potentially toxic elements in the soil samples around the Novaya Zemlya in the Russian Arctic zone, determined using HPGe gamma spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and direct mercury analyzer. The average detected concentrations for Ra, Th, K, U and Cs were 36.40, 46.

Limitations, challenges and prospective solutions for bioactive glasses-based nanocomposites for dental applications: A critical review.

Several nanomaterials have been recently used to overcome various challenges in the dental domain. Bioactive glasses, a class of bioceramics, with their outstanding properties including but not limited to their strong biocompatibility, antibacterial characteristics, and bioactivity inside the body's internal milieu have made them valuable biomaterials in a variety of dental domains. The utilization of nanomaterials has improved the performance of teeth, and the incorporation of bioactive glasses has the field of dentistry at an unsurpassed level in different categories such as esthetic and restorative dentistry, periodontics and dental implants, orthodontics, and endodontics.

The Role of Neurosurgical Techniques in Management of Acute and Chronic Stroke: A Comprehensive Literature Review.

Stroke is a medical condition that results from a decreased or completely diminished supply of blood to the brain, and it is considered one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Stroke is categorized as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, both of which demand prompt and particular timely intervention. This extensive review is done to investigate the precise management of acute and chronic manifestations of stroke in relation to neurosurgical interventions, ultimately providing a thorough analysis regarding indications, procedures, outcomes, and complications that are associated with it.