Global variations in gallbladder cancer incidence: What do recorded data and national estimates tell us?

On a global scale, gallbladder cancer is a relatively rare cancer with a striking variability in incidence across countries and world regions. We examined recent geographic variations worldwide based on national gallbladder cancer incidence estimates for the year 2022 from the GLOBOCAN database for 185 countries alongside recorded incidence data from the most recent volume of Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. In 2022, 122,491 new gallbladder cancer cases and 89,055 deaths were estimated to occur worldwide, of which 64.

Transformative clinical trials in gynaecologic radiation oncology in 2023-2024: Shaping modern treatment practices.

The field of gynaecologic oncology has evolved rapidly in recent years, largely driven by advances in both radiotherapy and systemic therapies. These innovations have reshaped the management of key gynaecologic cancers, including cervical, endometrial, vaginal, and vulvar cancers, leading to more personalized and effective treatment approaches. This review explores pivotal clinical trials conducted between 2023 and 2024 that have potentially modified current practices.

Cross-Sectional National Survey of Practice Patterns in Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: A Snapshot of India.

Purpose: The information on the practice of radiotherapy, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) use for rectal cancer in India, is lacking. This national survey was planned to understand the current status of knowledge, attitudes, and practice among radiation oncologists, specifically concerning the practice of IMRT for rectal cancers.

Materials And Methods: A national survey was sent to radiation oncologists through e-mail or a WhatsApp message, where feasible, with a request letter containing the link to the survey questionnaire.

Biphasic DNA damage and non-canonical replication stress response govern radiation-induced senescence in glioblastoma.

Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in glioblastoma (GBM) residual disease and escape from TIS account for resistance and recurrence, but the mechanism of TIS manifestation remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that replication stress (RS) is critical for the induction of TIS in residual cells by employing an in vitro GBM therapy-resistance cellular model. Interestingly, we found a 'biphasic' mode of DNA damage after radiation treatment and reveal that the second phase of DNA damage arises majorly in the S phase of residual cells due to RS.

Monte Carlo modeling and dosimetric validation of GammaMed Plus Ir source for HDR brachytherapy application using TOPAS.

Study aimed at Monte Carlo (MC) modeling and dosimetric validation of GammaMed Plus Ir source for high dose rate brachytherapy using Geant4 code in TOPAS. Study investigated the several TG-43 guided dosimetric parameters for brachytherapy dose calculation. The excellent agreement was found between simulated and published data.

Developing a peripheral blood RNA-seq based NETseq ensemble classifier: A potential novel tool for non-invasive detection and treatment response assessment in neuroendocrine tumor patients receiving Lu-DOTATATE PRRT.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are presented with metastases due to delayed diagnosis. We aimed to identify NET-related biomarkers from peripheral blood. The development and validation of a multi-gene NETseq ensemble classifier using peripheral blood RNA-Seq is reported.

A prospective cohort study comparing efficacy of 1 dose of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to 2 and 3 doses at an average follow up of 12 years postvaccination.

Background: While recommending a human papillomavirus (HPV) single-dose vaccination schedule in 2022, the World Health Organization highlighted the need for long-term follow-up studies to monitor waning of protection. We report on vaccine efficacy against HPV infections in 1-, 2-, and 3-dose schedules and protection against cervical precancers at a median follow-up of 12 years postvaccination.

Methods: This randomized multicenter study in India was originally designed to vaccinate unmarried girls aged 10-18 years with either 2 or 3 doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine.

Case studies on the progress of cervical cancer screening programs in Bhutan, India, and Türkiye.

International stakeholders gathered in New Delhi, India, in December 2022 to share experiences on human papillomaviruses (HPV) prevention and control strategies. As part of a supplementary publication from the meeting proceedings, this paper describes secondary HPV prevention strategies highlighting the varying degrees of progress and challenges through case studies from Bhutan, India, and Türkiye. India has implemented national screening guidelines, primarily using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), but achieving a low coverage rate of 1.

New light on chemotherapy toxicity and its prevention.

Most patients with cancer receive chemotherapy. Unfortunately, chemotherapy is associated with a number of potentially life-threatening side effects. There is a need to ameliorate chemotoxicity to improve therapeutic outcomes and quality of life.

14-3-3ε conditional knockout mice exhibit defects in the development of the epidermis.

The epidermis is a stratified epithelium that functions as the first line of defense against pathogenic invasion and acts as a barrier preventing water loss. In this study, we aimed to decipher the role of 14-3-3ε in the development of the epidermis. We report that loss of 14-3-3ε in the epidermis of juvenile and adult mice reduces cell division in the basal layer and increases the percentage of cells with multiple centrosomes, leading to a reduction in the thickness of the basal and stratified layers.

AXL/GAS6 signaling governs differentiation of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer.

Most epithelial cancers are infiltrated by prognostically relevant myelomonocytic cells. Immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and their precursor monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have previously been associated with worse outcomes in human breast cancer (BCa), yet the mechanism of immunosuppressive TAMs-polarization from myelomonocytic precursors is not completely understood. In this study, we show that persuaded AXL/GAS6 pathway alters macrophage phenotype from HLA-DRCD206CD163 classical phagocytic into HLA-DRCD206CD163 immunosuppressive ones with accelerated BCa progression, and increased angiogenesis signature and invasion ability of cancer cells at tumor beds.

Prevalence and outcome of candidemia among paediatric cancer patients: A single centre experience from India.

Background: Candida species are one of the leading causes of invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients with cancer, resulting in increased treatment related morbidity and mortality. There is limited data with respect to demography and outcomes of candidemia among children with cancer, especially from lower-middle income countries.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study conducted over a 4-year Period (January-2017 to December-2021), children less than 15 years with cancer, treated at a tertiary oncology centre in India and diagnosed with candidemia were included.

Extended endoscopic endonasal trans-tubercular approach and radical resection of a giant calcified craniopharyngioma with pituitary stalk preservation - Technical nuances and steps.

This case highlights the surgical steps and nuances in preserving the pituitary stalk to ensure good endocrinological outcomes during endoscopic craniopharyngioma resection.

PARylation of GCN5 by PARP1 mediates its recruitment to DSBs and facilitates both HR and NHEJ Repair.

Efficient DNA double strand break (DSB) repair is necessary for genomic stability and determines efficacy of DNA damaging cancer therapeutics. Spatiotemporal dynamics and post-translational modifications of repair proteins at DSBs dictate repair efficacy. Here, we identified a non-canonical function of GCN5 in regulating both HR and NHEJ repair post genotoxic stress.

Disabled 2 (Dab2) Regulates Tumour Progression in Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Dab2 is an endocytic adaptor protein involved in various physiological processes and signaling pathways. Dab2 is deregulated in various cancers; however, its role in skin squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we used the DMBA/TPA induced murine skin carcinogenesis model to examine the role of Dab2 in skin tumour progression.

Reconstruction after proximal ulnar resection.

Aims: Reconstruction after osteoarticular resection of the proximal ulna for tumours is technically difficult and little has been written about the options that are available. We report a series of four patients who underwent radial neck to humeral trochlea transposition arthroplasty following proximal ulnar osteoarticular resection.

Methods: Between July 2020 and July 2022, four patients with primary bone tumours of the ulna underwent radial neck to humeral trochlea transposition arthroplasty.