Effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of cryotherapy by midwives for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Maharashtra, India.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) when provided by trained midwives in rural India.

Method: Women with colposcopic findings of CIN lesions suitable for ablative treatment received cryotherapy from trained midwives before the biopsy results were known. Cure rates, adverse effects, and complications were assessed and factors influencing cure rates were evaluated by chi(2) tests.

Determinants of womens participation in cervical cancer screening trial, Maharashtra, India.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with participation in cervical cancer screening and follow-up treatment in the context of a randomized controlled trial. The trial was initiated to evaluate the efficacy and cost effectiveness of visual inspection with acetic acid, cytological screening and testing for human papillomavirus in reducing the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer in Maharashtra, India.

Methods: Between October 1999 and November 2003 women aged 30-59 years were randomized to receive one of the three tests or to a control group.