4,086 results match your criteria: "Tata Institute of Fundamental Research; shivaprasad@ncbs.res.in.[Affiliation]"
Article Synopsis
- * Recent efforts to stop smoking haven't been put into action yet, and it’s important to see what could happen if smoking rates stay the same or improve.
- * Researchers used models to predict health outcomes by 2050 based on different scenarios of smoking rates, showing that cutting smoking could greatly improve health and life expectancy.
Luminescent Bis(amidinate) Indium Complexes.
Inorg Chem
October 2024
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on synthesizing various bis-amidinate indium(III) monochlorides by reacting specific Li-amidinate ligands with InCl.
- Single crystal X-ray analysis shows that these compounds feature an In(III) center coordinated with two amidinate ligands, creating a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
- The photophysical properties of these compounds were examined, revealing that they are emissive in solution, with the 9-anthryl compound achieving a quantum yield of 45.5% and a lifetime of 11 ns in dichloromethane.
Concordant inter-laboratory derived concentrations of ceramides in human plasma reference materials via authentic standards.
Nat Commun
October 2024
Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
Article Synopsis
- Scientists from 34 labs in 19 countries worked together to measure certain fats (ceramides) in human blood using special techniques.
- They used both standard methods and their own methods to get very accurate and consistent results.
- The study helps improve future medical tests and treatments by providing reliable information about these fats in blood samples.
Adenosine Triphosphate Inhibits Cold-Responsive Aggregation.
Langmuir
October 2024
Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad 500046, India.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ubiquitous in all living organisms, is conventionally recognized as a fundamental energy currency essential for a myriad of cellular processes. While its traditional role in energy metabolism requires only micromolar concentrations, the cellular content of ATP has been found to be significantly higher at the millimolar level. Recent studies have attempted to correlate this higher concentration of ATP with its nonenergetic role in maintaining protein homeostasis, leaving the investigation of ATP's nontrivial activities in biology an open question.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantitative Assessment of Conformational Heterogeneity in Apolipoprotein E4 Using Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry.
J Phys Chem B
October 2024
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad 500046, India.
Apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, structural differences between apoE4 and the AD-neutral isoform, apoE3, still remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that apoE4 harbors intermediates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex differences in the influence of adult-onset hypothyroidism on hippocampal progenitor survival and neuronal differentiation in mice.
J Neuroendocrinol
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Article Synopsis
- * Findings revealed that male mice experienced a significant decrease in the survival and differentiation of adult-born neurons compared to female mice, which showed no such decline.
- * Gene expression analysis highlighted sex differences in thyroid hormone receptor genes and related pathways, emphasizing the need to consider sex as a crucial factor in thyroid hormone's effects on neurogenesis.
Reconfiguring Shortest Paths in Graphs.
Algorithmica
August 2024
Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
Reconfiguring two shortest paths in a graph means modifying one shortest path to the other by changing one vertex at a time so that all the intermediate paths are also shortest paths. This problem has several natural applications, namely: (a) repaving road networks, (b) rerouting data packets in a synchronous multiprocessing setting, (c) the shipping container stowage problem, and (d) the train marshalling problem. When modelled as graph problems, (a) is the most general case while (b), (c), (d) are restrictions to different graph classes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOsmolyte-Induced Modulation of Hofmeister Series.
J Phys Chem B
October 2024
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad 500046, India.
Natural selection has driven the convergence toward a selected set of osmolytes, endowing them with the necessary efficiency to manage stress arising from salt diversity. This study combines atomistic simulations and experiments to investigate how two osmolytes, glycine and betaine, individually modulate the Hofmeister ion ordering of alkali metal salts (LiCl, KCl, and CsCl) near a charged silica interface. Both osmolytes are found to prevent salt-induced aggregation of the charged entities, yet their mode and degree of relative modulation depend on their intricate interplay with specific salt cations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUniversality of quantum phase transitions in the integer and fractional quantum Hall regimes.
Nat Commun
October 2024
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
Article Synopsis
- Fractional quantum Hall (FQH) phases involve strong electronic interactions producing anyonic quasiparticles with unique properties, while integer quantum Hall (IQH) effects arise from the band topology of non-interacting electrons.* -
- Our research reveals unexpected "super-universality" in the critical behavior of FQH and IQH transitions, where both types exhibit the same critical scaling exponent (κ = 0.41 ± 0.02) and localization length exponent (γ = 2.4 ± 0.2).* -
- Using ultra-high mobility trilayer graphene devices, we demonstrate that these consistent critical exponents can be observed with short-range disorder, unlike previous studies that showed variability in conventional
Interfacial Engineering over Pt-Calcium Ferrite/2D Carbon Nitride Nanosheet p-n Heterojunctions for Superior Photocatalytic Properties.
ACS Omega
September 2024
Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India.
The present study discloses the fabrication of efficient p-n heterojunctions using n-type polymeric bulk carbon nitride (b-CN, = 2.7 eV) or exfoliated nanosheets of carbon nitride (NSCN, = 2.9 eV) with p-type spinel ferrite CaFeO (CFO, = 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of pial collaterals by extension of pre-existing artery tips.
Cell Rep
October 2024
National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, KA 560065, India. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Pial collaterals help protect against ischemic damage and improve outcomes for stroke patients, but the development process for these collaterals is not well understood.
- This research used advanced imaging techniques to reveal that pial collateral arteries form from the growth and connection of existing arterial tips during embryonic development, influenced by a specific receptor.
- Unlike coronary collateral arteries in the heart, the formation of brain collaterals does not rely on the Cxcr4 receptor, indicating different developmental mechanisms at play for each organ.
Ventral hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons gate the acute anxiolytic action of the serotonergic psychedelic DOI.
Neuron
November 2024
Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Recent research highlights the therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelics, specifically focusing on 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) and its anxiety-reducing effects.
- The study reveals that GABAergic interneurons in the ventral hippocampus, particularly PV-positive interneurons, play a crucial role in the anxiolytic effects of DOI by interacting with serotonin (5-HT) receptors.
- Findings suggest that enhancing the activity of these interneurons in the hippocampus leads to increased anxiety relief, emphasizing the significance of 5-HT receptors in the vHpc's CA1/subiculum region for the psychedelic's therapeutic effects.
Microenvironmental entropy dynamics analysis reveals novel insights into Notch-Delta-Jagged decision-making mechanism.
iScience
September 2024
Mathematics Department, Khalifa University, P.O. Box: 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Notch-Delta-Jagged (NDJ) signaling among neighboring cells contributes crucially to spatiotemporal pattern formation and developmental decision-making. Despite numerous detailed mathematical models, their high-dimensionality parametric space limits analytical treatment, especially regarding local microenvironmental fluctuations. Using the low-dimensional dynamics of the recently postulated least microenvironmental uncertainty principle (LEUP) framework, we showcase how the LEUP formalism recapitulates a noisy NDJ spatial patterning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth benefits and risks of fermented foods-the PIMENTO initiative.
Front Nutr
September 2024
Research Division Microbial Food Systems, Agroscope, Berne, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- * Seven of the reviews will look into clinical and biological effects of FF on various health indicators across organ systems, while the other nine will explore broader topics like bioactive compounds, safety, and personalized nutrition related to FF.
- * Each review will consist of a systematic analysis of human studies, insights into the mechanisms behind observed health outcomes, and characterization of the FF being studied, culminating in a strategic roadmap for future research in the field.
Article Synopsis
- Researchers studied strokes from 1990 to 2021 to understand how many people get them and how they are affected around the world.
- In 2021, strokes caused about 7.3 million deaths and were a major cause of health problems, especially in specific regions like Southeast Asia and Oceania.
- There are differences in stroke risks based on where people live and their age, and some areas actually saw more strokes happening since 2015.
Unraveling the genomic diversity and admixture history of captive tigers in the United States.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2024
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
Article Synopsis
- Scientists are studying the DNA of tigers to understand their genetic diversity and help protect them, especially since many tigers in the wild are endangered.
- This research looks at tigers that are kept in captivity, like privately owned ones in the U.S., known as "Generic" tigers, which might have mixed ancestry from different tiger types.
- The study found that these Generic tigers have similar genetic diversity to wild tigers and can help conservation efforts by creating a new way to identify tiger ancestry using less expensive genetic testing methods.
Universal distribution of the number of minima for random walks and Lévy flights.
Phys Rev E
August 2024
Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Energies, CNRS UMR 7589, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
Article Synopsis
- The study determines the exact distribution of local minima in one-dimensional landscapes created by random walks and Lévy flights, revealing different behaviors depending on the ensemble used.
- In landscapes with a fixed number of steps, the local minima distribution follows a Gaussian pattern, while in landscapes until the first-passage to the origin, it shows a power-law tail of m^{-3/2}.
- A key finding is that the distribution of local minima is universal across all values of m, meaning it remains consistent regardless of the specific jump distribution used in the random walk.
PARP-1 negatively regulates nucleolar protein pool and mitochondrial activity: a cell protective mechanism.
Genes Environ
September 2024
B-202, Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India.
Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a pan nuclear protein that utilizes NAD as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction (PARylation), resulting in both auto-modification and the modification of its accepter proteins. Earlier reports suggested that several nucleolar proteins interact and colocalize with PARP-1, leading to their PARylation. However, whether PARP-1 has any role in nucleolar biogenesis and the functional relevance of such a role is still obscure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalysis of Antiangiogenic Potential and Cell Death Mechanism of a Kinetically Inert Platinum Antitumor Agent.
ACS Med Chem Lett
September 2024
Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India.
Article Synopsis
- * A new platinum-based anticancer drug was identified that not only overcomes resistance to cisplatin (a common chemotherapeutic) but also has low toxicity on the kidneys.
- * This drug was found to significantly reduce blood vessel formation in zebrafish and demonstrated its ability to kill cancer cells through specific processes known as necroptosis and paraptosis, highlighting its potential as an effective cancer treatment.
6 Symposium on Advanced Biological Inorganic Chemistry (SABIC), 2024.
Chemistry
October 2024
School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2 A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
RNA fine-tunes estrogen receptor-alpha binding on low-affinity DNA motifs for transcriptional regulation.
EMBO J
November 2024
National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.
Article Synopsis
- Transcription factors like estrogen receptor α (ERα) regulate gene expression by binding to DNA and can interact with RNA, which may influence their binding to chromatin.
- This study found that RNA binding is crucial for maintaining proper recruitment of ERα to DNA, especially at weaker binding sites, and without this RNA interaction, ERα becomes more mobile in the nucleus.
- Increased mobility of ERα leads to enhanced transcription of genes with low-strength motifs, but stable binding at stronger sites may hinder ligand-dependent gene expression, suggesting RNA interactions help balance transcription regulation.
Understanding the Effect of Ionic Liquid-Mediated Solvent Engineering on the Kinetics and Thermodynamic Stability of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase.
J Phys Chem B
September 2024
Institute of Plant Genetics (IPG), Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 60-479, Poland.
Article Synopsis
- Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) is crucial for the phenylpropanoid pathway and helps treat phenylketonuria, but it struggles with stability in tough industrial conditions.
- This study shows that using ionic liquid (IL)-assisted Tris-HCl buffer improves PAL's reaction speed and stability, achieving significant enhancements in performance after 5 weeks and at high temperatures.
- The findings indicate that ILs create a better environment for PAL by enhancing hydration and interactions with the enzyme, leading to a more stable and effective biocatalytic system.
The paradox of thermal vs. non-thermal effects in plasmonic photocatalysis.
Nat Commun
September 2024
Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India.
Article Synopsis
- The review examines the debate on thermal vs. non-thermal pathways in plasmonic catalysis, detailing the behavior of excited charge carriers in plasmonic nanostructures as the basis for differing viewpoints.
- It presents the key arguments supporting both pathways, discusses methodologies like Arrhenius equations, and emphasizes the importance of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in catalytic processes.
- The review addresses various factors influencing reaction rates, including surface temperature measurements and wavelength dependence, while advocating for future research to harness plasmon-mediated catalysis for innovative chemical transformations.
StrIDR: a database of intrinsically disordered regions of proteins with experimentally resolved structures.
bioRxiv
August 2024
National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India 560065.
Motivation: Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins exist as an ensemble of conformations, and not as a single structure. Existing databases contain extensive, experimentally derived annotations of intrinsic disorder for millions of proteins at the sequence level. However, only a tiny fraction of these IDRs are associated with an experimentally determined protein structure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPortable Acceleration of CMS Computing Workflows with Coprocessors as a Service.
Comput Softw Big Sci
September 2024
Authors affiliated with an institute or an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- Demand for computing power in major scientific experiments, like the CMS at CERN, is expected to significantly increase over the coming decades.
- The implementation of coprocessors, particularly GPUs, in data processing workflows can enhance performance and efficiency, especially for machine learning tasks.
- The Services for Optimized Network Inference on Coprocessors (SONIC) approach allows for improved use of coprocessors, demonstrating successful integration and acceleration of workflows across various environments without sacrificing throughput.