Access to Diverse Glutamic Acid Dendrons and a Janus Peptide Dendrimer Using an Atypical Solid Phase Synthesis.

The negligible cytotoxicity of anion surface-linked dendrons makes glutamic acid-based dendrons a potential candidate for materials and biological applications. Despite the inherent drawbacks of the conventional solution phase synthesis of glutamic acid-based dendrons, there have been no advancements in these protocols. Herein, we demonstrate the first-ever convergent solid phase synthesis of dendrons, up to fourth generation, having glutamic acid branching points produced by preactivation of dicarboxylic acid groups with -hydroxysuccinimide and simultaneous coupling with amine groups of two growing peptide chains, with excellent yields (30-70%).

The 26 S proteasome in Entamoeba histolytica: divergence of the substrate binding pockets from host proteasomes.

Objective: Proteasomes are conserved proteases crucial for proteostasis in eukaryotes and are promising drug targets for protozoan parasites. Yet, the proteasomes of Entamoeba histolytica remain understudied. The study's objective was to analyse the differences in the substrate binding pockets of amoeba proteasomes from those of host, and computational modelling of β5 catalytic subunit, with the goal of finding selective inhibitors.

Regulation of microtubule dynamics and function in living cells cucurbit[7]uril host-guest assembly.

Living systems utilize sophisticated biochemical regulators and various signal transduction mechanisms to program bio-molecular assemblies and their associated functions. Creating synthetic assemblies that can replicate the functional and signal-responsive properties of these regulators, while also interfacing with biomolecules, holds significant interest within the realms of supramolecular chemistry and chemical biology. This pursuit not only aids in understanding the fundamental design principles of life but also introduces novel capabilities that contribute to the advancements in medical and therapeutic research.

Modulation of α-synuclein aggregation amid diverse environmental perturbation.

Intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein (αS) is implicated in Parkinson's disease due to its aberrant aggregation propensity. In a bid to identify the traits of its aggregation, here we computationally simulate the multi-chain association process of αS in aqueous as well as under diverse environmental perturbations. In particular, the aggregation of αS in aqueous and varied environmental condition led to marked concentration differences within protein aggregates, resembling liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).

Trapping an Elusive Fe(IV)-Superoxo Intermediate Inside a Self-Assembled Nanocage in Water at Room Temperature.

Molecular cavities that mimic natural metalloenzymes have shown the potential to trap elusive reaction intermediates. Here, we demonstrate the formation of a rare yet stable Fe(IV)-superoxo intermediate at room temperature subsequent to dioxygen binding at the Fe(III) site of a (EtN)[Fe(Cl)(bTAML)] complex confined inside the hydrophobic interior of a water-soluble PdL nanocage. Using a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance, Mössbauer, Raman/IR vibrational, X-ray absorption, and emission spectroscopies, we demonstrate that the cage-encapsulated complex has a Fe(IV) oxidation state characterized by a stable S = 1/2 spin state and a short Fe-O bond distance of ∼1.

Mosaic Atoh1 deletion in the chick auditory epithelium reveals a homeostatic mechanism to restore hair cell number.

The mechanosensory hair cell of the vertebrate inner ear responds to the mechanical deflections that result from hearing or change in the acceleration due to gravity, to allow us to perceive and interpret sounds, maintain balance and spatial orientation. In mammals, ototoxic compounds, disease, and acoustic trauma can result in damage and extrusion of hair cells, without replacement, resulting in hearing loss. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates can regenerate sensory hair cells.

Observation of the ϒ(3S) Meson and Suppression of ϒ States in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV.

The production of ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) mesons in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions is studied in their dimuon decay channel using the CMS detector at the LHC. The ϒ(3S) meson is observed for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, with a significance above 5 standard deviations. The ratios of yields measured in Pb-Pb and pp collisions are reported for both the ϒ(2S) and ϒ(3S) mesons, as functions of transverse momentum and Pb-Pb collision centrality.

Naphthalimide-Based, Single-Chromophore, Emission Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Tracking Intracellular pH.

We report a novel, reversible, cell-permeable, pH-sensor, TRapH. TRapH afforded a pH-sensitive ratiometric emission response in the pH range ~3-6, enabling imaging and quantification of pH in living cells. The biological-applicability of TRapH was illustrated via live-tracking of intracellular pH dynamics in living mammalian cells induced by a synthetic H-transporter.

Growing Mycobacterial Biofilm as a Model to Study Antimicrobial Resistance.

Many bacteria thrive in intricate natural communities, exhibiting key attributes of multicellularity such as communication, cooperation, and competition. The most prevalent manifestation of bacterial multicellular behavior is the formation of biofilms, often linked to pathogenicity. Biofilms offer a haven against antimicrobial agents, fostering the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

Search for and production in the final state using proton-proton collisions at .

A search for and production in the final state is presented, where H is the standard model (SM) Higgs boson. The search uses an event sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 133 collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The analysis introduces several novel techniques for deriving and validating a multi-dimensional background model based on control samples in data.

Pyrimidine-based sulfonamides and acetamides as potent antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis, Computational Studies, and biological assessment.

A series of novel sulfonamide and acetamide derivatives of pyrimidine were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were assessed. Based on the Microbroth dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the synthesized compounds demonstrated moderate to good levels of antifungal and antibacterial activity. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested that the presence of electron-withdrawing groups, such as halogens, nitrile, and nitro groups, on the pyrimidine ring contributed to the enhanced antimicrobial potency, while electron-donating substituents led to a decrease in activity.

Field tuning Kitaev systems for spin fractionalization and topological order.

The honeycomb Kitaev model describes aspin liquid with topological order and fractionalized excitations consisting of gapped-fluxes and free Majorana fermions. Competing interactions, even when not very strong, are known to destabilize the Kitaev spin liquid. Magnetic fields are a convenient parameter for tuning between different phases of the Kitaev systems, and have even been investigated for potentially counteracting the effects of other destabilizing interactions leading to a revival of the topological phase.

Motility driven glassy dynamics in confluent epithelial monolayers.

As wounds heal, embryos develop, cancer spreads, or asthma progresses, the cellular monolayer undergoes a glass transition between solid-like jammed and fluid-like flowing states. During some of these processes, the cells undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT): they acquire in-plane polarity and become motile. Thus, how motility drives the glassy dynamics in epithelial systems is critical for the EMT process.

Search for Narrow Trijet Resonances in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The first search for singly produced narrow resonances decaying to three well-separated hadronic jets is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138  fb^{-1} at sqrt[s]=13  TeV, collected at the CERN LHC. No significant deviations from the background predictions are observed between 1.

Challenges in water kefir production and limitations in human consumption: A comprehensive review of current knowledge.

Water kefir is a convenient dairy-free alternative to dairy-based fermented beverages. It is prepared by fermenting a sucrose solution with fresh and dried fruits using water kefir grains, and demineralized whey can be used in water kefir production. This review describes current knowledge on water kefir production and its health effects.

Probing Short-Range Interactions in Isostructural Hydrate and Perhydrate of Dabrafenib by Magic-Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR.

Dabrafenib (), an anticancer drug, exhibits isostructural properties in its hydrate () and perhydrate () forms, as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Despite the HO and HO solvent molecules occupying identical locations, the two polymorphs have different thermal behaviors. In general, determination of stoichiometry of HO in the perhydrate crystals is difficult due to the presence of both HO and HO in the same crystal voids.

A water-soluble, cell-permeable Mn(ii) sensor enables visualization of manganese dynamics in live mammalian cells.

Central roles of Mn ions in immunity, brain function, and photosynthesis necessitate probes for tracking this essential metal ion in living systems. However, developing a cell-permeable, fluorescent sensor for selective imaging of Mn ions in the aqueous cellular milieu has remained a challenge. This is because Mn is a weak binder to ligand-scaffolds and Mn ions quench fluorescent dyes leading to turn-off sensors that are not applicable for imaging.

Observation of multiple attractors and diffusive transport in a periodically driven Klein-Gordon chain.

We consider a Klein-Gordon chain that is periodically driven at one end and has dissipation at one or both boundaries. An interesting numerical observation in a recent study [Prem et al., Phys.

Effect of disorder on phases across two-dimensional thermal melting.

We study melting in a two-dimensional system of classical particles with Gaussian-core interactions in disordered environments. The pure system validates the conventional two-step melting with a hexatic phase intervening between the solid and the liquid. This picture is modified in the presence of pinning impurities.

Kuramoto model subject to subsystem resetting: How resetting a part of the system may synchronize the whole of it.

We introduce and investigate the effects of a new class of stochastic resetting protocol called subsystem resetting, whereby a subset of the system constituents in a many-body interacting system undergoes bare evolution interspersed with simultaneous resets at random times, while the remaining constituents evolve solely under the bare dynamics. Here, by reset is meant a reinitialization of the dynamics from a given state. We pursue our investigation within the ambit of the well-known Kuramoto model of coupled phase-only oscillators of distributed natural frequencies.

Entropic timescales of dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled liquid.

Non-Gaussian displacement distributions are universal predictors of dynamic heterogeneity in slowly varying environments. Here, we explore heterogeneous dynamics in supercooled liquid using molecular dynamics simulations and show the efficiency of the relative-entropy based measure, negentropy, in quantifying dynamic heterogeneity over the widely used non-Gaussian parameter. Our analysis shows that the heterogeneity quantified by the negentropy is significantly different from the one obtained using the conventional moment-based definition that considers deviation from Gaussianity up to lower-order moments.

A hot-Jupiter progenitor on a super-eccentric retrograde orbit.

Giant exoplanets orbiting close to their host stars are unlikely to have formed in their present configurations. These 'hot Jupiter' planets are instead thought to have migrated inward from beyond the ice line and several viable migration channels have been proposed, including eccentricity excitation through angular-momentum exchange with a third body followed by tidally driven orbital circularization. The discovery of the extremely eccentric (e = 0.

DNA barcodes from over-a-century-old type specimens shed light on the taxonomy of a group of rare butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Calinaginae).

We analyzed COI barcode sequences from 138 over-a-century old specimens of Calinaga including 36 name-bearing type specimens stored at the Natural History Museum London. These new data, combined with previously available RPS5 sequences, divide the Calinaga samples into four well-supported mitochondrial lineages that together with a novel wing-pattern analysis, support the recognition of six species (lhatso, buddha, brahma, aborica, formosana and davidis), with all other names subsumed either as subspecies or synonyms. One new taxon is described, Calinaga aborica naima Vane-Wright, ssp.