Comparison of Paired Immunofluorescent Antibody Serology and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing for the Detection of Acute Q Fever among Febrile Patients in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, 2012-2014.

Acute Q fever diagnosis via paired serology is problematic because it requires follow-up for convalescent sample collection; as such, it cannot provide a diagnosis to inform a treatment decision at the time of acute presentation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be a useful approach for the diagnosis of acute Q fever in endemic settings. Among febrile patients enrolled in a sentinel surveillance study for Q fever at two referral hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania, from 2012 to 2014, we analyzed those with paired sera for IgG to Coxiella burnetii (C.

Subsequent pregnancies in the IMPAACT 2010/VESTED Trial: high rate of adverse outcomes in women living with HIV.

Introduction: Women with HIV (WHIV) have higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly in the absence of antiretroviral treatment(ART), and timing of ART may impact risk.

Methods: In IMPAACT 2010 (VESTED), 643 pregnant WHIV in 9 countries were randomized 1:1:1 to initiate ART: dolutegravir (DTG)+emtricitabine(FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide(TAF); DTG+FTC/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or efavirenz (EFV)/FTC/TDF. We describe adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with a subsequent pregnancy during 50 weeks of postpartum follow-up: spontaneous abortion (<20 weeks), stillbirth (≥20 weeks), preterm delivery (<37 weeks) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA).

Management Outcomes of Variceal Bleeding in Northern Tanzania: Insights From a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.

Aims: Due to the expensiveness and unavailability of endoscopy management in Tanzania, the management outcomes of variceal bleeding are unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the management outcomes of patients with variceal bleeding.

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between April 2012 and April 2022.

Quality intrapartum care and associated factors in East Africa: multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health survey.

Background: The time during labor and delivery is crucial for the survival of both women and their infants, as complications that occur during this period can significantly increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. In developing nations, women of reproductive age and their infants are still at risk of morbidity and death from complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Morbidity and death from complications of pregnancy and childbirth can be prevented through the utilization of quality care during labor and delivery.

Caregivers' Perceived Threat Of Sickle Cell Disease Complications And Its Association With Hydroxyurea Use Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.

Purpose: Tanzania is the fifth country with the highest sickle cell disease (SCD) prevalence globally. Although hydroxyurea (HU) is available, only 25% of persons with SCD are reported to use it in Tanzania. Perceived disease threat is associated with medication usage in patients with chronic diseases.

Using waist circumference as a predictor of hypertension in Manzese, Dar es Salaam: a community-based cross-sectional study, 2023.

Introduction: It is estimated that 1.3 billion people in the world have hypertension and a large proportion of them are unaware. Waist circumference has emerged as Potential predictor of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) risk; however, fewer studies in Tanzania have evaluated its role in screening for CVD risk.

Innovative nanocomposites for pollutant capture: Adsorption of rhodamine B dye using polyaniline-coated chitosan trisodium citrate nanocomposites.

Wastewater contamination by organic dyes, especially Rhodamine B (RhB), possess a significant environmental challenge. This study explores a novel bio sorbent for the removal of RhB dye from contaminated water, using chitosan trisodium citrate-modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@CSTSC@PANI) coated with polyaniline. The nanocomposite was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, HRTEM, SEM, BET surface analysis.

Facilitating and Constraining Factors for Achievement of Strategic Health Sector Results: Findings From a Qualitative Study of 15 Councils in Tanzania.

Strategic planning and strategic plans have gained popularity in the public sectors, including the health sector. However, the factors that facilitate and constrain the achievement of strategic planning outcomes have remained key research questions in the public sector and the health sector. From the perspectives of the council health managers, we explored the factors that facilitated or constrained the achievement of strategic results set out in the 2015-2020 Health Sector Strategic Plan in Tanzania Mainland.

A matter of timing: Biting by malaria-infected Anopheles mosquitoes and the use of interventions during the night in rural south-eastern Tanzania.

Knowing when and where infected mosquitoes bite is required for estimating accurate measures of malaria risk, assessing outdoor exposure, and designing intervention strategies. This study combines secondary analyses of a human behaviour survey and an entomological survey carried out in the same area to estimate human exposure to malaria-infected Anopheles mosquitoes throughout the night in rural villages in south-eastern Tanzania. Mosquitoes were collected hourly from 6PM to 6AM indoors and outdoors by human landing catches in 2019, and tested for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite infections using ELISA.

How and why does mode of birth affect processes for routine data collection and use? A qualitative study in Bangladesh and Tanzania.

The World Health Organization recognises Routine Health Information System (RHIS) data as integral to data-driven health systems; needed to improve intrapartum outcomes for maternal and newborn health worldwide. However, research in Bangladesh and Tanzania suggests that mode of birth affects register data accuracy, but little is known about why. To address this gap, we undertook qualitative research in these two public-sector health systems.

TaqMan Array Card real-time polymerase chain reaction panel to detect pathogens in whole blood of febrile inpatients in northern Tanzania, 2016-2019.

Background: Acute febrile illness is a common reason for seeking healthcare in low- and middle-income countries. We describe the diagnostic utility of a TaqMan Array Card (TAC) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panel for pathogen detection in paediatric and adult inpatients admitted with febrile illness.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we screened medical admissions for a tympanic temperature ≥38.

Insights into the biology and insecticide susceptibility of the secondary malaria vector Anopheles parensis in an area with long-term use of insecticide-treated nets in northwestern Tanzania.

Background: The Anopheles funestus group includes at least 11 sibling species, with Anopheles funestus Giles being the most studied and significant malaria vector. Other species, like Anopheles parensis, are understudied despite their potential role in transmission. This article provides insights into the biology and insecticide susceptibility of An.

Morphological diversity of the genus Telmatochromis from the Lake Tanganyika drainage with the description of a new riverine species and the generic reassignment of the Malagarasi River lamprologine.

The lamprologine cichlid genus Telmatochromis was long considered primarily lacustrine and endemic to Lake Tanganyika until an undescribed Telmatochromis species was reported from the Lufubu River (Lake Tanganyika drainage, Zambia). A phylogenomic study in 2021 confirmed the association of Telmatochromis sp. "lufubu" with Telmatochromis along with another riverine species, Neolamprologus devosi (Malagarasi drainage, Tanzania).

Observational study of the third delay in emergency obstetric triage at the referral national hospital in Tanzania: Baseline survey.

Aim: This study aimed to grasp the third delay using an observational method of actual nurses/midwives' practice overtime during care provision to emergency obstetric patients in a tertiary referral national hospital.

Methods: A prospective quantitative design was employed to observe the 24-h obstetric triage process from February 4 to March 7, 2023.

Results: This study involved observations of 120 obstetric patients with mean maternal age of 29.

Dynamical modeling of Salmonellosis in humans and dairy cattle with temperature and pH effects.

Approximately 20 million cases and 0.15 million human fatalities worldwide each year are caused by Salmonellosis. A mechanistic compartmental model based on ordinary differential equations is proposed to evaluate the effects of temperature and pH on the transmission dynamics of Salmonellosis.

Understanding and overcoming geographical barriers for scaling up dog vaccinations against rabies.

Rabies causes 59,000 human deaths annually in over 150 countries. Mass dog vaccination (MDV) is key to controlling dog rabies, requiring 70% coverage in the susceptible dog population to eliminate rabies deaths. MDV campaigns must achieve geographical homogeneity of coverage.

Determinants of breast cancer screening among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis.

Background: Breast cancer is a significant global health issue, responsible for a large number of female cancer deaths. Early detection through breast cancer screening is crucial in reducing mortality rates. However, regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face challenges in identifying breast cancer early, resulting in higher mortality rates and a lower quality of life.

Prevalence, Distribution and Risk Factors for Trematode Infections in Domesticated Ruminants in the Lake Victoria and Southern Highland Ecological Zones of Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Trematode infections cause long-term suffering and debilitation, posing a significant threat to global animal health and production and leading to considerable economic losses. Studies on the epidemiology and control of these infections in Tanzania are limited. The few available studies have been conducted in abattoir settings.

Accidental detection of malaria by the haematology analyser in a patient at the Adult Emergency Department of the Motol University Hospital.

In a febrile patient admitted to the Adult Emergency Department, the haematology analyser detected the presence of erythrocytes infected with plasmodia. The finding was confirmed by thin smear and thick drop microscopy. A 43-year-old male patient was admitted to the Emergency Department with fever, vomiting, diarrhoea and pain in the upper abdomen.

An overview of climate changes and its effects on health - from mechanisms to One Health.

Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, widespread deforestation, soil erosion or machine-intensive farming methods, manufacturing, food processing, mining, and construction iron, cement, steel, and chemicals industry, have been the main drivers of the observed increase in Earth's average surface temperature and climate change. Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, ecosystems disruption, agricultural impacts, water scarcity, problems in access to good quality water, food and housing, and profound environmental disruptions such as biodiversity loss and extreme pollution are expected to steeply increase the prevalence and severity of acute and chronic diseases. Its long-term effects cannot be adequately predicted or mitigated without a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive ecosystems.

Rift Valley Fever outbreaks in the East African Community: insights from ProMed data (2010-2024).

Background: Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that poses a serious threat to both humans and livestock across various regions, particularly in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of the Indian Ocean Islands. This study seeks to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution and trends of RVF outbreaks within the East African Community (EAC) countries, offering insights into the patterns and progression of these outbreaks in the region.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMed), a digital, event-based disease surveillance system, to identify reports of outbreak events in Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, and South Sudan from 2010 to 2024.

Concurrent acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke in a diabetic patient undergoing chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Should I administer thrombolytic therapy? A case report.

Background: Concurrent ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are extremely rare, and their management remains perplexing due to the absence of high-quality evidence and limited resources. For the first time, we report a rare, preventable, and suboptimally managed case of concurrent AIS and STEMI in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) chemotherapy.

Case Presentation: A 59-year-old postmenopausal woman of African origin with a background history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to the Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute with sudden onset of left-sided weakness and typical ischemic chest pain for 3 days.

Evaluation of dose distribution to the tumor and organs at risk for cervical cancer patients treated using HDR-ICBT without central tandem applicator: A single center based experience.

Background And Purpose: Cervical cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women in numerous low and middle-income countries. Tandem-based applicator is a widely used technique in High Dose Rate Intercavitary Brachytherapy (HDR-ICBT) for treating cervical cancer. For cases where central tandem insertion is not feasible due to patient-specific conditions, a ring-only applicator is used as an alternative.