Increased PD-1 expression in livers associated with PD-1-antibody-induced hepatotoxicity.

Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) is a serious drug induced liver injury characterized by chronic cholestasis and loss of intrahepatic bile ducts. VBDS has been reported also following checkpoint inhibitor treatment. We compared CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , CD20 + , CD57 + , PD-1 + and PD-L1 + lymphocyte infiltrates in liver biopsies of patients that encountered VBDS (n = 2) or hepatotoxicity (n = 3) after pembrolizumab (n = 4) or nivolumab (n = 1) treatment with samples from normal liver (n = 10), non-alcohol steatohepatitis (NASH, n = 10), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n = 10) or pembrolizumab-treated patients without adverse events (n = 2).

The use of the surgical pleth index to guide anaesthesia in gastroenterological surgery: a randomised controlled study.

The measurement of nociception and the optimisation of intraoperative antinociceptive medication could potentially improve the conduct of anaesthesia, especially in the older population. The Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) is one of the monitoring methods presently used for the detection of nociceptive stimulus. Eighty patients aged 50 years and older who were scheduled to undergo major abdominal surgery were randomised and divided into a study group and a control group.

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration on three nationwide survey and register data in Finland during 2000-2017.

Purpose: To evaluate time trends in the incidence and prevalence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and its treatments, associated factors, and effects on vision in Finland during 2000-2017.

Methods: We used three nationwide health examination surveys representing the Finnish population aged 30 years or older. All three surveys were linked to the national care register covering nAMD diagnoses and intravitreal injections between 2000 and 2017.

Societal costs of decreased visual acuity: A Finnish cohort study with 15 years of registry data follow-up.

Purpose: To examine what direct and indirect societal costs are associated with decreased visual acuity (VA).

Methods: Nationally representative sample of 8028 Finnish adults aged 30 years or older with survey data and clinical examination including VA assessment was evaluated. These data were linked with multiple national registers to capture health care services utilization during 1999-2013.

Parental depression and emotional feeding practices are associated with a tendency towards overeating in preadolescents.

Background: Children's eating behaviors, including a tendency towards overeating, are strongly influenced by the family. Children prone to overeating are at a high risk of excessive weight gain, which can lead to further adverse health outcomes. Therefore, identifying factors that contribute to overeating is crucial for promoting healthy weight development.

Age- and sex-adjusted CT-based reference values for temporal muscle thickness, cross-sectional area and radiodensity.

Muscle mass has been traditionally assessed by measuring paraspinal muscle areas at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on computed tomography (CT). Neurological or neurosurgical patients seldom undergo CT scans of the lumbar region. Instead, temporal muscle thickness (TMT), cross-sectional area (TMA) and radiodensity measured from head CT scans are readily available measures of muscle mass and quality in these patient cohorts.

Generation Z in Plastic Surgery: Challenges, Solutions and New Horizons - A European and transatlantic overview.

Introduction:   The entrance of Generation Z (born 1997-2012) into professional life, including the practice of medicine, marks a transformational shift in priorities and values. This generation, shaped by digital immersion and a strong focus on work-life balance, is redefining the landscape of Plastic Surgery. Their preferences for inclusivity, innovation, and structured working hours challenge traditional models of mentorship, patient care, and surgical training.

Investigating male factors and their relationships with reproductive health outcomes: a case-control study protocol for Towards Optimal Fertility, Fathering, and Fatherhood studY (TOFFFY) in Singapore.

Introduction: Despite the global prevalence of low fertility rates, male contributions to fertility and reproductive health outcomes have been understudied. This study aims to investigate the male contribution to fertility and explore the underlying biological mechanisms. Specifically, we aim to (1) identify male factors associated with successful pregnancy, (2) develop a fertility index incorporating modifiable factors for both males and females to predict pregnancy rate and (3) explore the relationship of male modifiable factors with semen parameters and molecular characteristics.

Intrauterine Contraction Monitoring in Chorioamnionitis: A Secondary, Blinded Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial Cohort.

Objective: To study the effects of chorioamnionitis on uterine activity and to investigate associations between external and intrauterine monitoring methods and neonatal outcomes.

Design: Secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial cohort.

Setting: Two labour wards, in a university tertiary hospital and a central hospital.

Forecasting Mortality Associated Emergency Department Crowding with LightGBM and Time Series Data.

Emergency department (ED) crowding is a global public health issue that has been repeatedly associated with increased mortality. Predicting future service demand would enable preventative measures aiming to eliminate crowding along with its detrimental effects. Recent findings in our ED indicate that occupancy ratios exceeding 90% are associated with increased 10-day mortality.

X-ray microtomography imaging enables accurate visualization and quantification of the small-intestinal villi microvasculature - celiac disease as a model.

Vasculature of the small bowel mucosa, with a significant role in nutrient absorption and gut homeostasis, has been suggested to undergo remodeling in various gastrointestinal disorders, including celiac disease. However, due to its spatial organization within the mucosa, conventional 2D histological methods are of limited value in studying the intestinal vasculature reliably. X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) is a promising tool for soft tissue imaging, as it enables digital 3D reconstruction of various tissue samples, including endoscopically obtained small-bowel mucosal biopsies.

Use of benzodiazepines in patients with status epilepticus requiring second-line antiseizure medication treatment.

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening state that needs rapid and adequate treatment. Benzodiazepines (BZD) are used as a first-line treatment for SE, and if the desired effect is not achieved, second-line antiseizure medications are used.

Objective: To investigate whether the treatment with BZDs is performed adequately in patients with different subtypes of SE requiring second-line ASM treatment and, if not, to identify the factors influencing the suboptimal treatment.

Commentary on "Epigenome-wide analysis across the development span of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: backtracking to birth".

VTRNA2-1 is a polymorphically imprinted locus. The proportion of individuals with a maternally imprinted VTRNA2-1 locus is consistently approximately 75% in populations of European origin, with the remaining circa 25% having a non-methylated VTRNA2-1 locus. Recently, VTRNA2-1 hypermethylation at birth was suggested to be a precursor of paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with biomarker potential.

The use of perioperative cephalosporin prophylaxis in patients who have a pre-existing penicillin allergy.

Background: Studies have shown an association between a reported penicillin allergy and an increased risk of surgical site infection. The risk is due to avoidance of cephalosporins and to the use of alternative classes of antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to examine the safety of using cephalosporins in patients with a penicillin allergy label.

Correction: Huhtanen et al. Discrepancies between Radiology Specialists and Residents in Fracture Detection from Musculoskeletal Radiographs. Diagnostics 2023, , 3207.

Regarding our publication, entitled "Discrepancies between Radiology Specialists and Residents in Fracture Detection from Musculoskeletal Radiographs" [...

Celiac disease, non-celiac wheat sensitivity, wheat allergy - clinical and diagnostic aspects.

In recent years, wheat- and gluten-free diets have increased in demand due to reported increases in various conditions reported to be driven by ingredients of these food products. Celiac disease, wheat allergy and non-celiac wheat sensitivity constitute the three main categories of wheat-related disorders. Celiac disease is a well-characterized immune-mediated disease caused by immune reaction against specific gliadin epitopes, the main protein in wheat.

Xylometazoline-induced change in aspirated nasal nitric oxide detects obstructed paranasal ostia.

The concentrations of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) vary in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) supposedly depending upon whether the paranasal ostia are open or obstructed. Our aim was to assess whether nNO levels and their response to topical xylometazoline (a local vasoconstrictor used to alleviate nasal congestion) in patients with CRS differ between those with open or obstructed ostia and if the results were altered by the use of nasal corticosteroids. Methodology: Sixty-six patients with CRS (43% with nasal polyps) or recurrent acute rhinosinusitis and 23 healthy controls were included.

High variability in the reproducibility of key hemodynamic responses to head-up tilt.

Increased blood pressure upon standing is considered a cardiovascular risk factor. We investigated the reproducibility of changes in aortic blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance during three passive head-up tilts (HUT) in 223 participants without cardiovascular medications (mean age 46 years, BMI 28 kg/m2, 54% male). Median time gap between the first and the second HUT was 9 weeks and the second and the third HUT 4 weeks.

Gluten-free diet during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: A gluten-free diet (GFD) is becoming increasingly popular, especially among young females, and including those without diagnosed celiac disease (CD). Whether a GFD is appropriate during pregnancy remains unclear. Our primary aim was to evaluate the association of a GFD and neonatal birthweight and incidence of large for gestational age (LGA) and small for gestational age (SGA).

Favourable Outcome of Relapsed PCNSL Among Transplant Eligble Patients.

Purpose: The prognosis of relapsed primary central nervous system lymphoma remains a concern. This study aimed to compare the effects of various patient- and disease-related factors on the prognosis of relapsed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).

Methods: We retrospectively collected real-world data from eight Finnish hospitals on 198 patients diagnosed with PCNSL between 2003 and 2020.

Status of Sepsis Care in European Hospitals: Results from an International Cross-Sectional Survey.

Rationale: Early detection, standardized therapy, adequate infrastructure and strategies for quality improvement should constitute essential components of every hospital's sepsis plan.

Objectives: To investigate the extent to which recommendations from the sepsis guidelines are implemented and the availability of infrastructure for the care of patients with sepsis in acute hospitals.

Methods: A multidisciplinary cross-sectional questionnaire was used to investigate sepsis care in hospitals.

Prognostic Features and Potential for Immune Therapy in Metastatic Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of a Large Consecutive Population-Based Patient Series.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition therapies have provided remarkable results in numerous metastatic cancers, including mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). To evaluate the potential for PD-1 blockade therapy in a large population-based cohort, we analyzed the tumor microenvironment and reviewed the clinical data and actualized treatment of all dMMR CRCs in Central Finland province between 2000 and 2015.

Material And Methods: Of 1343 CRC patients, 171 dMMR tumors were identified through immunohistochemical screening.

Lifetime Treatment Trajectories of Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Simulation Based Analysis of 20 Years of Real-World Data.

Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare type of B-cell lymphoma, which is considered incurable yet treatable. In recent years, the treatment options of mantle cell lymphoma have multiplied, and the focus of treatment is expected to shift from traditional chemoimmunotherapy toward precision medicine. However, this development is hindered by the high costs of targeted therapies.

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI for Orbital and Intracranial Invasion of Sinonasal Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: In this study, we review the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting orbital and intracranial invasion of sinonasal malignancies (SNMs) using histopathological and surgical evidence as the reference standard. : A systematic search of studies in English was conducted in MEDLINE and Embase, limited to articles published since 1990. We included studies using preoperative MRI to detect the intracranial and orbital invasion of SNMs, with histological or surgical confirmation as the reference standard, and reported patient numbers in each class as required to assess diagnostic accuracy.