Factors associated with fear of childbirth in a subsequent pregnancy: a nationwide case-control analysis in Finland.

Background: Fear of childbirth can develop due to the concerns or adverse maternal or foetal outcomes experienced in a previous pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the main risk factors associated with the development of fear of childbirth during subsequent pregnancies and deliveries.

Methods: In this case-control study, data from the National Medical Birth Register were used to evaluate the events in previous pregnancies that were potential risk factors for fear of childbirth in subsequent pregnancies.

Birth rate among women with fear of childbirth: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Finland.

Purpose: The association between fear of childbirth (FOC) and subsequent birth rate is not well studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the birth rate, and risk for second pregnancy ending in delivery among women with FOC compared to women without FOC in their first pregnancy.

Methods: Data from the National Medical Birth Register were used to evaluate the birth rate after the first pregnancy in women with FOC.

The burden of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and its relation to asthma in Finland.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is commonly associated with asthma. Treatment of CRSwNP includes intranasal and systemic corticosteroids, with non-responsive patients commonly considered for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). This nationwide register-based study evaluated the incidence, prevalence, and treatment burden of CRSwNP in Finland, and their association with the presence and severity of comorbid asthma.

Higher odds of gestational diabetes among women with multiple pregnancies: a nationwide register-based cohort study in Finland.

Introduction: The association between multiple pregnancies and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been moderately studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether women with multiple pregnancies are at a higher risk of developing GDM using nationwide high-quality registers.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data from the National Medical Birth Register (MBR) was used to evaluate the odds of GDM as a result of multiple pregnancies.

Early reversibility of histological changes after experimental acute cardiac volume-overload.

Unloading the heart may aid recovery after acute cardiac volume-overload (AVO). We experimentally investigated whether unloading the heart after AVO by heterotopic transplantation histologically impacts myocardial outcome. Thirty-two syngeneic Fisher 344 rats underwent surgery for abdominal arterial-venous fistula to induce AVO.

The rate of elective cesarean section after pelvic or hip fracture remains high even after the long-term follow-up: A nationwide register-based study in Finland.

Introduction: There are only few studies on the effects of pelvic or hip fractures on subsequent delivery outcomes. The aim for this study is to evaluate in a nationwide sample whether the rate of elective CS and emergency CS would decrease during the time after maternal hip and pelvic fracture.

Material And Methods: In this nationwide registry-based study, data on all women aged 15-49 years with pelvic or hip fractures leading to hospitalization were retrieved from the Care Register for Health Care for the years 1998-2018.

Families' costs form a considerable part of total costs in bronchiolitis care.

Background And Aim: The burden of bronchiolitis is remarkable due to high morbidity in infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate bronchiolitis-associated costs for patients' families and the healthcare system.

Methods: This retrospective, descriptive study included 136 infants under 12 months of age treated at Tampere University Hospital, Finland, between October 1, 2018 and March 31, 2020, with bronchiolitis as the main diagnosis.

Birth rate after major trauma in fertile-aged women: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland.

Background: To date, only a few small studies have assessed the effects of major orthopedic traumas on the subsequent birth rate in fertile-aged woman. We assessed the incidences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and fractures of the spine, pelvis, and hip or thigh and evaluated their association with the birth rate in fertile-aged woman.

Methods: In this retrospective register-based nationwide cohort study, data on all fertile-aged (15-44 years of age) women who sustained a TBI or fracture of the spine, pelvis, hip or thigh between 1998 and 2013 were retrieved from the Care Register for Health Care.

Radiological score of computed tomography scans predicts revision surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective: Evaluate computed tomography (CT) signs that predict need for revision endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods: CRS patients (n = 48) underwent routine sinus CT scans and baseline ESS in 2006-2011. Lund-Mackay (LM) scores and 43 other CT signs were analysed blinded from both sides.

Viral wheezing in early childhood as a risk factor for asthma in young adulthood: A prospective long-term cohort study.

Background And Aims: There is an increased risk of asthma after viral wheezing episodes in early childhood, but unfortunately, prospective longitudinal data until adulthood are mostly lacking. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the risk of asthma in young adulthood after hospitalization for viral wheezing episodes in early childhood.

Methods: The original cohort comprised 100 individuals aged <24 months who were hospitalized for viral wheezing episodes in 1992-1993.

Pregnancy and delivery after traumatic brain injury: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland.

Objectives: Few studies have assessed pregnancies and deliveries after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We report the incidence of TBIs and TBI-related surgeries in fertile-aged females and investigate subsequent pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: All fertile-aged (15-49) women with TBI diagnosis during our study period (1998-2018) were retrieved from the Care Register for Health Care and combined with data from the National Medical Birth Register.

Posture-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Function Between Young Men and Women: Study of Noninvasive Hemodynamics in Rural Malawi.

Background Cardiovascular risk is higher in men than in women, but little information exists about sex-related differences in cardiovascular function from low-income countries. We compared hemodynamics between sexes in rural Malawi in a cohort followed up since their birth. Methods and Results Supine, seated, and standing hemodynamics were recorded from 251 women and 168 men (mean age, 21 years; body mass index, 21 kg/m) using oscillometric brachial waveform analyses (Mobil-O-Graph).

Glycoprotein Acetyls: A Novel Inflammatory Biomarker of Early Cardiovascular Risk in the Young.

Background Low-grade inflammation in the young may contribute to the early development of cardiovascular disease. We assessed whether circulating levels of glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) were better able to predict the development of adverse cardiovascular disease risk profiles compared with the more commonly used biomarker high-sensitivity CRP (C-reactive protein). Methods and Results A total of 3306 adolescents and young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (mean age, 15.

Pregnancy and delivery after pelvic fracture in fertile-aged women: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland.

Objective: Only a few small studies have assessed the effects of pelvic fractures on pregnancies, deliveries, and rates of cesarean sections. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pelvic fractures on subsequent pregnancy and delivery in Finland.

Study Design: In this retrospective register-based nationwide cohort study, data on all fertile-aged (aged 15-49) women with a pelvic fracture during our study period (1998-2018) were retrieved from the Care Register for Health Care.

Healthy and pro-inflammatory gut ecology plays a crucial role in the digestion and tolerance of a novel Gluten Friendly™ bread in celiac subjects: a randomized, double blind, placebo control study.

Gluten Friendly™ (GF) is a new gluten achieved through a physicochemical process applied to wheat kernels. The goal of this research was to assess the effects of Gluten Friendly™ bread on celiac gut mucosa and microbiota. In a double-blind placebo-controlled intervention study, 48 celiac disease (CD) patients were randomized into 3 groups to eat 100 g of bread daily, containing different doses (0; 3 g; 6 g) of GF for 12 weeks.

Tympanostomies and tonsillar surgery in children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland.

Objective: To assess the impact of social restrictions due to COVID-19 on the number of tympanostomies and tonsillar surgeries in children.

Methods: Incidences were calculated per 100 000 children for tonsillar surgery and tympanostomies in 2020 and compared to the mean incidence of referral years 2017 to 2019 by incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Median waiting times were also compared.

Dietary compliance in a randomized double-blind infant feeding trial during infancy aiming at prevention of type 1 diabetes.

The international Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) tested the hypothesis whether extensively hydrolyzed casein-based versus regular cow's milk-based infant formula reduces the risk of type 1 diabetes. We describe dietary compliance in the trial in terms of study formula intake, feeding of nonrecommended foods, and serum cow's milk antibody concentration reflecting intake of cow's milk protein among 2,159 eligible newborn infants with a biological first-degree relative affected by type 1 diabetes and with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. The participating infants were introduced to the study formula feeding at the median age of 15 days with a median duration of study formula use of 63 days.

Policy and vision for community pharmacies in Finland: A roadmap towards enhanced integration and reduced costs.

Finland's community pharmacy system provides an example of a privately-owned regulated system being proactively developed by the profession and its stakeholders. Community pharmacists have a legal duty to promote safe and rational medicine use in outpatient care. The development of professionally oriented practice has been nationally coordinated since the 1990s with the support of a national steering group consisting of professional bodies, authorities, pharmacy schools and continuing education centers.

COVID-19: Current and future challenges in spine care and education - a worldwide study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted spine care around the globe. Much uncertainty remains regarding the immediate and long-term future of spine care and education in this COVID-19 era.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, international study of spine surgeons.

Family composition and living arrangements-Cross-sectional study on family involvement to self-managed rehabilitation of people with coronary artery disease.

Aim: To describe the family composition and living arrangements of persons diagnosed with coronary artery disease and those relationships to family involvement in self-managed rehabilitation.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Data were collected with postal questionnaire from persons diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) by using the Family Involvement in Rehabilitation (FIRE) scale.

Improving the effectiveness of ANT DBS therapy for epilepsy with optimal current targeting.

Objective: Deep brain stimulation of the ANT is a novel treatment option in refractory epilepsy with an established efficacy at the group level. However, data on the effect of individualized programming are currently lacking. We report the effect of programming changes on outcome in deep brain stimulation of anterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT DBS).

Association of Body Mass Index in Youth With Adult Cardiometabolic Risk.

Background Whether long-term exposure to overweight or obesity from early life to adulthood has a detrimental influence on health outcomes is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether duration of overweight or obesity from youth to adulthood is associated with adult cardiometabolic risk. Methods and Results A population-based cohort study was performed of 1268 youths, aged 3 to 18 years, with follow-ups at 3, 6, 9, 12, 21, 27, and 31 years.