Interoperability of health data using FHIR Mapping Language: transforming HL7 CDA to FHIR with reusable visual components.

Introduction: Ecosystem-centered healthcare innovations, such as digital health platforms, patient-centric records, and mobile health applications, depend on the semantic interoperability of health data. This ensures efficient, patient-focused healthcare delivery in a mobile world where citizens frequently travel for work and leisure. Beyond healthcare delivery, semantic interoperability is crucial for secondary health data use.

Facilitating person-centered patient participation in kidney care-a process evaluation of a quasi-experimental study incorporating a tool and training of local implementation teams.

Background: The transfer of innovations into healthcare is laden with challenges. Although healthcare professionals are expected to adopt and fulfil new policies, a more person-centered healthcare with conditions for preference-based patient participation is anticipated.

Methods: The aim of the study was to evaluate two implementation strategies for person-centered patient participation in kidney care, including dissemination of a clinical toolkit, and additional training and support of internal facilitators.

Novel Softwood Lignin Esters as Advanced Filler to PLA for 3D Printing.

In this study, we explored the selectivity of softwood lignin toward esterification through chloromethylation. Organosolv pine lignin chloromethylated by a novel greener protocol was subjected to esterification with decanoic acid (C10), tetradecanoic acid (C14), and stearic acid (C18). The success of lignin esterification was confirmed by using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy.

Robotic feet modeled after ungulates improve locomotion on soft wet grounds.

Locomotion on soft yielding grounds is more complicated and energetically demanding than on hard ground. Wet soft ground (such as mud or snow) is a particularly difficult substance because it dissipates energy when stepping and resists extrusion of the foot. Sinkage in mud forces walkers to make higher steps, thus, to spend more energy.

Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are crucial nuclear proteins that play important roles in various cellular processes, including DNA repair, gene transcription, and cell death. Among the 17 identified PARP family members, PARP1 is the most abundant enzyme, with approximately 1-2 million molecules per cell, acting primarily as a DNA damage sensor. It has become a promising biological target for anticancer drug studies.

Bio-Templated Aerogel Fibers: Heterogeneous Spinodal Architecting and In Situ Fibrillation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-Silica on Nanostructured Cellulose Nanofiber Scaffold for Enhanced Thermomechanical Performance.

This study addresses the inherent fragility and fractal limitations of traditional silica aerogels by developing a bio-templated aerogel fiber. Integrating cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and silica aerogel (SA) in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) dispersion, a gel-spinning technique was employed to create aerogel fibers with superior thermomechanical performance. CNF also provided excellent rheological modification for successful spinnability, fast gelation, and fiber formation.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of Novel Quaternary Ammonium Lignins.

The ongoing demand for effective antimicrobial materials persists, and lignin emerges as a promising natural antibacterial material with renewable properties. The adaptability of lignin to various chemical modifications offers avenues to enhance its antimicrobial activity. Here, we employed chloromethylation and subsequent functionalization with variable tertiary alkyl dimethyl amines to produce C6-C18 quaternary ammonium lignins (QALs) from hardwood (aspen), softwood (pine), and grass (barley straw).

A reference architecture for personal health data spaces using decentralized content-addressable storage networks.

Introduction: This paper addresses the dilemmas of accessibility, comprehensiveness, and ownership related to health data. To resolve these dilemmas, we propose and justify a novel, globally scalable reference architecture for a Personal Health Data Space (PHDS). This architecture leverages decentralized content-addressable storage (DCAS) networks, ensuring that the data subject retains complete control and ownership of their personal health data.

Low-frequency non-reciprocal sound propagation features in thermoacoustic waveguide.

Thermoacoustic waveguides are systems of hollow tubes and thermally graded porous segments that can operate as active materials where acoustic waves receive energy from an external heat source. This work demonstrates that by adjusting the pore geometry several unique low-frequency propagation features arise from the complex-valued band structure of periodic thermoacoustic waveguides that reflect into the acoustic pressure field within finite-length systems. Numerical methods have been employed to model waveguides with porous segments constituted by cylindrical inclusions (parallel pins).

Microfluidic production, stability and loading of synthetic giant unilamellar vesicles.

In advanced drug delivery, versatile liposomal formulations are commonly employed for safer and more accurate therapies. Here we report a method that allows a straightforward production of synthetic monodisperse (~ 100 μm) giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using a microfluidic system. The stability analysis based on the microscopy imaging showed that at ambient conditions the produced GUVs had a half-life of 61 ± 2 h.

A Guide to Biodetection in Droplets.

Droplet-based methods for optical biodetection enable unprecedented high-throughput experimental parameters. The methods, however, remain underused due to the accompanying multidisciplinary and complicated experimental workflows. Here, we provide a tutorial for droplet-based optical biodetection workflows with a focus on the key aspect of label selection.

Chloromethylation of Lignin as a Route to Functional Material with Catalytic Properties in Cross-Coupling and Click Reactions.

Invited for this issue's cover are researchers from Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech). The image depicts the lignin chemical evolution route from raw biomass through a greener chloromethylation procedure developed by the research team. It showcases the transformation into lignin-supported metal nanoparticles, serving as a catalyst for various chemical reactions in both batch and continuous flow conditions.

Short-term pectin-enriched smoothie consumption has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota of low-fiber consumers.

Adequate consumption of fiber has a positive effect on health. The crossover study examined the effect of a pectin-enriched smoothie on gut microbiota and health parameters. During 3 weeks, 31 adults consumed two smoothies (11.

Chloromethylation of Lignin as a Route to Functional Material with Catalytic Properties in Cross-Coupling and Click Reactions.

We present a novel, greener chloromethylation procedure for organosolv aspen lignin under mild reaction conditions without Lewis acid as a catalyst and in acetic acid as a solvent. This synthetic protocol provides a reliable approach to chloromethylated lignin (CML) and means to obtain valuable lignin derivatives. The resulted CML was subsequently transformed into 1-methylimidazolium lignin (ImL), which effectively serves as a stabilizing agent for Pd/CuO nanoparticles (Pd/CuO-NPs).

Simulation of oriented NMR spectra: Combining molecular dynamics and chemical shift tensor calculations.

Solid state NMR is widely used to study the orientation and other structural features of proteins and peptides in lipid bilayers. Using data obtained by PISEMA (Polarization Inversion Spin Exchange at Magic Angle) experiments, periodic spectral patterns arise from well-aligned α-helical molecules. Significant problems in the interpretation of PISEMA spectra may arise for systems that do not form perfectly defined secondary structures, like α-helices, or the signal pattern is disturbed by molecular motion.

Cost-Efficient Network Planning for the Cross-Border Baltic Corridor-A Study.

Performing 5G coverage planning across borders introduces real-life challenges related to legalities, intercountry agreements, and binding documents. This work provides RF network modelling exercise results to provide uninterrupted 5G coverage to the Via Baltica and Rail Baltica transport corridors crossing Estonia and Latvia and on the border with Lithuania, as well as the Tallinn-Tartu-Valga and Valka-Valga roads (Latvia-Estonia), capable of cross-border 5G services. The study starts by identifying and interviewing stakeholders from different sectors of operation in the Baltic states and Europe and then provides an overview of some of the main legal acts and documents regulating the electronic communications sector in the Baltic states and Europe.

Selective Laser Melting of Commercially Pure Molybdenum by Laser Rescanning.

Commercially pure (cp) molybdenum (Mo) is one of the high-temperature materials of immense potential. It has a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure so it is hard to fabricate using nonequilibrium processes such as the selective laser melting (SLM) without the formation of cracks due to its inherent brittleness. This study deals with the fabrication of dense and near crack-free cp-Mo samples produced by the SLM.

Transforming fatigue assessment: Smartphone-based system with digitized motor skill tests.

Background: The condition of fatigue is a complex and multifaceted disorder that encompasses physical, mental, and psychological dimensions, all of which contribute to a decreased quality of life. Smartphone-based systems are gaining significant research interest due to their potential to provide noninvasive monitoring and diagnosis of diseases.

Objective: This paper studies the feasibility of using smartphones to collect motor skill related data for machine learning based fatigue detection.

Sustainable Phenylalanine-Derived SAILs for Solubilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

The solubilization capacity of a series of sustainable phenylalanine-derived surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) was evaluated towards polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-naphthalene, anthracene and pyrene. The key physico-chemical parameters of the studied systems (critical micelle concentration, spectral properties, solubilization parameters) were determined, analyzed and compared with conventional cationic surfactant, CTABr. For all studied PAH solubilization capacity increases with extension of alkyl chain length of PyPheOC SAILs reaching the values comparable to CTABr for SAILs with n = 10-12.

Seamless 5G Multi-Hop Connectivity Architecture and Trials for Maritime Applications.

This paper provides a study of the different alternatives that are being considered in the 5G-ROUTES project to establish seamless 5G connectivity in a maritime environment both from an architectural point of view and also from the definition of field trials to evaluate the performance and dependability of the proposed solution. As expected, the main challenge in providing 5G connectivity on the sea is to provide coverage over large areas of open water. Thus, as a starting point, this paper presents a measurement campaign that was conducted to assess the current coverage in the Baltic Sea, which concluded that the current terrestrial networks cannot guarantee sufficient coverage.

Health risk assessment of the European inhabitants exposed to contaminated ambient particulate matter by potentially toxic elements.

PM-associated potential toxic elements (PTEs) can enter the respiratory system and cause health problems. In the current study, the health risk indices caused by PM inhalation by adults, children, and infants in 158 European cities between 2013 and 2019 were studied to determine if Europeans were adversely affected by carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic factors or not. The Mann-Kendall trend test examined PM's increasing or decreasing trend.

The Use of Anhydrous Barium Hydroxide for Selective Alkylation of Dialkyloxy--butyl-calix[4]arenes.

A practical method of selective alkylation of the third hydroxyl group of disubstituted -butyl-calix[4]arenes using anhydrous barium hydroxide as a base was developed in this study. The use of this method in the synthesis of inherently chiral derivatives is shown herein.

Physicochemical Properties Predict Retention of Antibiotics in Water-in-Oil Droplets.

Water-in-oil droplet microfluidics promises capacity for high-throughput single-cell antimicrobial susceptibility assays and investigation of drug resistance mechanisms. Every droplet must serve as an isolated environment with a controlled antibiotic concentration in such assays. While technologies for generation, incubation, screening, and sorting droplets mature, predictable retention of active molecules inside droplets remains a major outstanding challenge.