Three-dimensional shape of natural riblets in the white shark: relationship between the denticle morphology and swimming speed of sharks.

The ridges of the dermal denticles of migratory sharks have inspired riblets to reduce the frictional drag of a fluid. In particular, the dermal denticles of white sharks () are characterized by a high middle ridge and low side ridges. The detailed morphology of their denticles and their variation along the body, however, have never been investigated.

Differential relationship between decreased muscle oxygenation and blood pressure recovery during supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia.

Vasoconstriction during tachyarrhythmia contributes to maintenance of arterial pressure (AP) by decreasing peripheral blood flow. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to ascertain whether the relationship between peripheral blood flow and AP recovery occurs during both paroxysmal supraventricular (PSVT, n = 19) and ventricular tachycardias (VT, n = 17). Peripheral blood flow was evaluated using forearm tissue oxygen index (TOI), and mean AP (MAP) was measured using a catheter inserted in the brachial or femoral artery during an electrophysiological study.

Effectiveness of Changing the Class of Molecularly Targeted Agent after Disease Progression during Initial Molecularly Targeted Therapy for Luminal Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Background: The emergence of molecularly targeted agents (MTAs) has altered the treatment landscape for hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor 2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) /metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Multiple guidelines recommend molecularly targeted therapy as first-line treatment for HR+/HER2- ABC/MBC. However, optimal treatment for disease progression during MTA therapy remains undetermined.

Interactions between monthly training volume, frequency and running distance per workout on marathon time.

Purpose: This study attempted to clarify the relationships between marathon time and monthly training volume, training frequency and the longest (LRD) or average running distance per workout (ARD), as well as their interactions.

Methods: Male recreational runners (n = 587) participating in the Hokkaido Marathon 2017 completed a questionnaire before the race; of these, 494 finished the race. We assessed age, running career, body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), monthly training volume, training frequency, the LRD and the ARD.

Annotated dataset of history-related tweets.

In this article, we present a dataset containing history-related content obtained from social media. It contains hashtags and tweets that include these hashtags, as well as the results of third party tools applied to the tweets that include extracted entities, years, and url categories, and the categories for the history-related hashtags we used to crawl the tweets. We collected the tweets from Twitter official API using hashtag-based crawling.

Evaluation of Metaxylem Vessel Histogenesis and the Occurrence of Vessel Collapse during Early Development in Primary Roots of ssp. : A Result of Premature Programmed Cell Death?

Root apical meristem histological organization in has been carefully studied previously. Classical histology describes its system as having a "closed organization" and a development of xylem that conforms to predictable rules. Among the first cell types to begin differentiation are late-maturing metaxylem (LMX) vessels.

Metagenomic study of endophytic bacterial community of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivated in different soil and climatic conditions.

The aim of this study was to clarify effects of soil and climatic conditions on community structure of sweet potato bacterial endophytes by applying locked nucleic acid oligonucleotide-PCR clamping technique and metagenomic analysis. For this purpose, the soil samples in three locations were transferred each other and sweet potato nursery plants from the same farm were cultivated for ca. 3 months.

Comparison of Promeristem Structure and Ontogeny of Procambium in Primary Roots of ssp. and 'Honey Bantam' with Emphasis on Metaxylem Vessel Histogenesis.

Classical histology describes the histological organization in as having a "closed organization" that differs from with the development of xylem conforming to predictable rules. We speculated that root apical meristem organization in a wild subspecies of (a teosinte) would differ from a domestic sweetcorn cultivar ('Honey Bantam'). Careful comparison could contribute to understanding how evolutionary processes and the domestication of maize have affected root development.

Smiles, turnout, candidates, and the winning of district seats.

Research has shown that a candidate's appearance affects the support he or she receives in elections. We extend this research in this article in three ways. First, we examine this relationship further in a non-Western context using 2015 local elections in Japan.

Granular bodies in root primary meristem cells of Zea mays L. var. Cuscoensis K. (Poaceae) that enter young vacuoles by invagination: a novel ribophagy mechanism.

Because it has a very large, very rapidly growing primary root, we evaluated giant maize (Zea mays var. Cuscoensis) as a model organism for root research. Granular inclusions are a common feature of cells in many organisms, but they are not common in root meristems.

Fast random bit generation with bandwidth-enhanced chaos in semiconductor lasers.

We experimentally demonstrate random bit generation using multi-bit samples of bandwidth-enhanced chaos in semiconductor lasers. Chaotic fluctuation of laser output is generated in a semiconductor laser with optical feedback and the chaotic output is injected into a second semiconductor laser to obtain a chaotic intensity signal with bandwidth enhanced up to 16 GHz. The chaotic signal is converted to an 8-bit digital signal by sampling with a digital oscilloscope at 12.

Synchronization of bandwidth-enhanced chaos in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback and injection.

We experimentally investigate the generation and synchronization of bandwidth-enhanced chaos in a semiconductor laser (drive laser) that is subject to optical injection from another chaotic semiconductor laser (injection laser) with optical feedback. Effective bandwidth enhancement is achieved over 12 GHz, under the condition in which the optical wavelength of the drive laser is positively detuned with respect to that of the injection laser, outside the injection locking range. The bandwidth-enhanced chaotic signal of the drive laser is injected into a third semiconductor laser (response laser) for synchronization.

Synchronization by injection of common chaotic signal in semiconductor lasers with optical feedback.

We investigate the dynamics of two semiconductor lasers with separate optical feedback when they are driven by a common signal injected from a chaotic laser under the condition of non-identical drive and response. We experimentally and numerically show conditions under which the outputs of the two lasers can be highly correlated with each other even though the correlation with the drive signal is low. In particular, the effects of the phase of the feedback light on the correlation characteristics are described.

Leader-laggard relationship of chaos synchronization in mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with time delay.

We experimentally and numerically observe synchronization of chaos in two mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with time delay. We observe in-phase and antiphase synchronization of polarization-resolved chaotic temporal wave forms under the condition of wavelength matching. We investigate leader-laggard relationship between two chaotic wave forms of mutually coupled VCSELs and find that the laser with longer wavelength becomes the leader.

Blind source separation of chaotic laser signals by independent component analysis.

We experimentally demonstrate blind source separation of chaos generated in Nd:YVO(4) microchip solid-state lasers by using independent component analysis. Two chaotic source signals are linearly mixed with randomly selected mixing ratio and independent component analysis is applied for the mixed signals to extract the source signals. We investigate blind source separation of many chaotic laser signals and succeed 100-signal separation of chaotic temporal waveforms.

Fractal dimension of chaotic light scattering in regular polyhedral mirror ball structures.

We experimentally observe fractal patterns of chaotic light scattering in regular polyhedral mirror ball structures that consist of spherical reflectors located at the vertices of polyhedra as optical scattering devices. We measure the fractal dimension of the basin boundaries of the light scattering patterns in the regular polyhedral mirror ball structures.

Dual synchronization of chaos in Mackey-Glass electronic circuits with time-delayed feedback.

We experimentally and numerically demonstrate the dual synchronization of chaos in two pairs of one-way-coupled Mackey-Glass electronic circuits with time-delayed feedback. The outputs of the two drive circuits are mixed and used both for the feedback signal to the two drive circuits and for the transmission signal to the two response circuits. We investigate the regions for achieving dual synchronization of chaos when the delay time is mismatched between the drive and response circuits.

Chaotic dynamics and synchronization in microchip solid-state lasers with optoelectronic feedback.

We experimentally observe the dynamics of a two-mode Nd:YVO4 microchip solid-state laser with optoelectronic feedback. The total laser output is detected and fed back to the injection current of the laser diode for pumping. Chaotic oscillations are observed in the microchip laser with optoelectronic self-feedback.

Acylated cyanidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucosides in three garden plants of the Cruciferae.

Seven acylated cyanidin 3-sambubioside-5-glucosides were isolated from the flowers of three garden plants in the Cruciferae. Specifically, four pigments were isolated from Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.

Chaotic wavelength division multiplexing for optical communication.

We demonstrate wavelength division multiplexing with chaotic subcarriers in two pairs of one-way-coupled Nd:YVO4 microchip lasers. Two individual digital messages are encoded on two chaotic carriers with different wavelengths in two transmitters by the chaotic masking method, and the mixed signals are sent to two receivers. Dual synchronization of chaos is used to obtain the original chaotic waveforms in the receivers.

Transient characteristics of chaos synchronization in a semiconductor laser subject to optical feedback.

We have investigated the transient characteristics of two types of chaos synchronization in a semiconductor laser subject to optical feedback: complete synchronization and strong injection locking-type synchronization. We have calculated the statistical distribution of the transient response time of synchronization when the initial position in the starting attractor is varied. For complete synchronization, the distribution of the transient response time has much larger average and variance than the average period of the chaotic oscillations.

Diacylated 8-C-glucosylcyanidin 3-glucoside from the flowers of Tricyrtis formosana.

A new diacylated 8-C-glucosylanthocyanin was isolated from the purple flowers of Tricyrtis formosana 'Fujimusume' as one of the major anthocyanins along with four known pigments. The structure of this pigment was determined to be 8-C-(6-O-trans-sinapoyl)-beta-glucopyranosylcyanidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-glucopyranoside) by chemical and spectroscopic methods. In addition, four known pigments, 8-C-glucosylcyanidin 3-malonylglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-malonylglucoside, were identified as the major anthocyanins in the flowers.

Dual synchronization of chaos in Colpitts electronic oscillators and its applications for communications.

We demonstrate the dual synchronization of chaos in two pairs of one-way coupled Colpitts electronic oscillators by both experiment and numerical simulation. We use the cross coupling method, where the difference in voltage between the sum of two master oscillators and one slave oscillator is injected into the other slave oscillator as an electrical current, for dual synchronization of chaos. We have investigated the regions for achieving dual synchronization of chaos when one of the internal parameters is mismatched between the master and slave oscillators.

Generalized synchronization of chaos in He-Ne lasers.

We experimentally demonstrate synchronization of chaos in one-way coupled He-Ne lasers with optical feedback. We observe different types of synchronization such as identical synchronization, inverse synchronization, and random amplification. These dynamics are maintained only for a short duration of several hundred milliseconds.