Effects of Levothyroxine Treatment on Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined by elevated thyrotropin (TSH) and normal free thyroxine levels, is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, and small for gestational age. Despite the uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of levothyroxine (LT4) treatment on pregnancy outcomes in subclinical hypothyroidism, LT4 is widely administered with a pre-treatment threshold TSH level of 2.5 mU/L.

Utility of outpatient fractionated radioiodine therapy for Graves disease involving a large goiter measuring more than 100 mL in volume.

Contrary to large multinodular goiters, reports on I radioiodine therapy (RIT) for Graves disease (GD) involving a large goiter are scarce. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 71 consecutive patients (25 males, 46 females) with GD involving a large goiter (>100 mL) who had received RIT in our clinic. Patients with a history of thyroid surgery or with large thyroid nodules and those who had dropped out less than one year after the initial RIT session were excluded.

Long-Term Outcomes of Radioiodine Therapy for Juvenile Graves Disease with Emphasis on Subsequently Detected Thyroid Nodules: A Single Institution Experience from Japan.

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcomes of radioiodine therapy (RIT) for juvenile Graves disease (GD) and the ultrasonographic changes of the thyroid gland.

Methods: All of 117 juvenile patients (25 males and 92 females, aged 10 to 18 [median 16] years) who had undergone RIT for GD at our clinic between 1999 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Each RIT session was delivered on an outpatient basis.

Thyroid Function of Infants Breastfed by Mothers with Graves Disease Treated with Inorganic Iodine: A Study of 100 Cases.

Context: We previously reported that inorganic iodine therapy in lactating women with Graves disease (GD) did not affect the thyroid function in 25 of 26 infants despite their exposure to excess iodine via breast milk.

Objective: To further assess thyroid function in infants nursed by mothers with GD treated with inorganic iodine.

Design: Case series.

Congenital Primary Hypothyroidism with the Homozygous Nonsense Mutation P.K1374* in the Thyroglobulin Gene and a Normal-sized Thyroid Gland on Levothyroxine Replacement.

Thyroglobulin (TG) gene mutations cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis, which is typically associated with a congenital goiter. We herein report the case of a 64-year-old man with congenital primary hypothyroidism who had a normal-sized thyroid gland on levothyroxine replacement. He had short stature (-3.

Effects of Inorganic Iodine Therapy Administered to Lactating Mothers With Graves Disease on Infant Thyroid Function.

Context: The effects of maternal inorganic iodine therapy on infant thyroid function are not well known.

Objective: This study investigated the effects on infant thyroid function of maternal inorganic iodine therapy when administered to lactating mothers with Graves disease.

Design And Setting: This study was a prospective case series performed at the Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan.

Painful Radiation Thyroiditis after I Therapy for Graves' Hyperthyroidism: Clinical Features and Ultrasonographic Findings in Five Cases.

Background: Radiation thyroiditis caused by I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism is asymptomatic in most patients and is rarely associated with pain or fever. Currently, there are few reports on the ultrasonographic findings of radiation thyroiditis after I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism.

Case Report: We herein report 5 cases with painful radiation thyroiditis (including 2 febrile cases) after I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism.

Iodide Transport Defect and Breast Milk Iodine.

Background: Iodide transport defect (ITD) is a dyshormonogenetic congenital hypothyroidism caused by sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene mutations. In the lactating mammary gland, iodide is concentrated by NIS, and iodine for thyroid hormone synthesis is thereby supplied to the infant in the breast milk.

Case Description: A 34-year-old Japanese woman was diagnosed with ITD caused by a homozygous NIS gene mutation T354P.

Development of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma during an Ultrasonographic Follow-up of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Report of 9 Cases.

We herein experienced 9 patients with primary thyroid lymphoma that developed during 3-18 years of ultrasonographic follow-up of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. All nine patients had localized mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Two patients had diffuse type, one had mixed type, and six had nodular type according to the ultrasonographic classification.

Prediction of post-treatment hypothyroidism using changes in thyroid volume after radioactive iodine therapy in adolescent patients with Graves' disease.

Background: The goal of iodine-131 therapy for pediatric Graves' disease is to induce hypothyroidism. However, changes in post-treatment thyroid volume have not been investigated in pediatric and/or adolescent patients.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to examine whether changes in thyroid volume predict post-treatment hypothyroidism in adolescent Graves' disease patients.

[Approach to thyroid incidentaloma and follicular adenoma].

Recently, people are interested in health and many hospitals perform medical examinations flourishingly. They can choose the thyroid ultrasound optionally, too. Accordingly, a lot of thyroid incidentaloma are found.

[Issues of side effects induced by antithyroid drugs].

Antithyroid drugs have been widely used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. However, these drugs are known to have significant side effects. There are minor side effects such as skin rash or urticaria and major side effects.

Radioactive iodine therapy for goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Context: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that can produce marked clinical symptoms when patients have large diffuse goiters.

Design: This retrospective cohort study was designed to evaluate whether radioactive iodine (RAI) is effective for Hashimoto's thyroiditis with a large goiter. Starting in November 1999, 13 Hashimoto's patients with large goiters, whose thyroiditis was refractory to TSH suppression therapy with thyroid hormone administration [two men and 11 women with a mean age of 61.

[Radioiodine treatment of patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules at outpatient clinic].

Objectives: This retrospective study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of radioiodine (RI) treatment for patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN).

Methods: The subjects were 38 patients including 26 cases of toxic adenoma (TA) and 12 cases of toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), who attended our clinic from July 1999 to April 2005. RI treatment was performed in the outpatient clinic.

[Radioiodine treatment in patients with Graves' disease at outpatient clinic: special reference to safety and short-term outcome].

Purpose: This retrospective study was aimed at revealing the safety and short-term outcome of radioiodine treatment in patients with Graves' disease at outpatient clinic.

Methods: From July 1999 to April 2002, 511 patients with Graves' disease were treated with radioiodine at the outpatient clinic of Tajiri Thyroid Clinic, Kumamoto. Of them, 73 patients dropped out or were referred to another medical institution.

Antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: how has granulocyte colony-stimulating factor changed therapy?

This study examined whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is beneficial for the treatment of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis. From January 1975 to December 2001, 30,798 patients with Graves' disease were treated with antithyroid drugs at Noguchi Thyroid Clinic & Hospital Foundation. During this period, 109 patients (0.

Antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: special reference to normal white blood cell count agranulocytosis.

This retrospective study was aimed at revealing the incidence of normal white blood cell (WBC) count agranulocytosis in patients treated with antithyroid drugs (ATDs). From January 1975 to December 2001, 109 patients (0.35%) presented with ATD-induced agranulocytosis at our clinic.

Usefulness of granulocyte count measurement four hours after injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for detecting recovery from antithyroid drug-induced granulocytopenia.

This prospective study was designed to investigate the usefulness of granulocyte count measurements 4 hours after injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for detecting recovery from antithyroid drug (ATD)-induced granulocytopenia or agranulocytosis. Granulocyte and white blood cell counts were measured 4 hours and 24 hours after patients with ATD-induced granulocytopenia had been given an injection of 75 micrograms of G-CSF (1.1 to 1.

[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment (G-CSF) of antithyroid drug-induced granulocytopenia: granulocyte count measurement after 4 hours of G-CSF injection is useful for the detection of recovery from granulocytopenia].

The primary objective of this study was to ascertain the usefulness of granulocyte count measurement after 4 hours of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injections for the detection of recovery from granulocytopenia. Four Graves' patients with antithyroid drug-induced granulocytopenia (granulocyte count between 500 and 1000/mm3) and three Graves' patients with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis (granulocyte count < 500/mm3) each received a daily dose of 75 mu g of G-CSF administered subcutaneously. In all granulocytopenic patients, after 4 hours of G-CSF injection the granulocyte counts increased to 5623, 4050, 8923 and 4647/mm3, and the granulocyte count after 24 hours of G-CSF injection was 3008, 4634, 4854, 4200/mm3.

[Antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: special reference to normal white blood cell count agranulocytosis].

This retrospective study was aimed at establishing the importance of the leukocyte differentiated count and not only routine white blood cell count in patients treated with antithyroid drug. From 1975 to September 1992, 77 patients with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis were examined. In 12 patients (15.