Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cirrhosis in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cirrhosis are significant clinical concerns, especially among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, in China, there is a paucity of reliable evidence detailing the characteristics of NAFLD and liver cirrhosis in T2DM. Furthermore, the relationship between blood glucose levels and NAFLD prevalence remains unclear.

Analysis of blood methylation quantitative trait loci in East Asians reveals ancestry-specific impacts on complex traits.

Methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) are essential for understanding the role of DNA methylation changes in genetic predisposition, yet they have not been fully characterized in East Asians (EAs). Here we identified mQTLs in whole blood from 3,523 Chinese individuals and replicated them in additional 1,858 Chinese individuals from two cohorts. Over 9% of mQTLs displayed specificity to EAs, facilitating the fine-mapping of EA-specific genetic associations, as shown for variants associated with height.

Analysis of gait pattern related to high cerebral small vessel disease burden using quantitative gait data from wearable sensors.

Background And Objectives: Sensor-based wearable devices help to obtain a wide range of quantitative gait parameters, which provides sufficient data to investigate disease-specific gait patterns. Although cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) plays a significant role in gait impairment, the specific gait pattern associated with a high burden of CSVD remains to be explored.

Methods: We analyzed the gait pattern related to high CSVD burden from 720 participants (aged 55-65 years, 42.

Machine-learning-based plasma metabolomic profiles for predicting long-term complications of cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: The complications of liver cirrhosis occur after long asymptomatic stages of progressive fibrosis and are generally diagnosed late. We aimed to develop a plasma metabolomic-based score tool to predict these events.

Approach And Results: We enrolled 64,005 UK biobank participants with metabolomic profiles.

Circulating Lipoproteins Mediate the Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Decline: A Community-Based Cohort Study.

Unlabelled: Cardiovascular health metrics are now widely recognized as modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. Metabolic perturbations might play roles in the linkage of cardiovascular diseases and dementia. Circulating metabolites profiling by metabolomics may improve understanding of the potential mechanism by which cardiovascular risk factors contribute to cognitive decline.

Bidirectional mediation of bone mineral density and brain atrophy on their associations with gait variability.

This mediation analysis aimed to investigate the associations among areal bone mineral density, mobility-related brain atrophy, and specific gait patterns. A total of 595 participants from the Taizhou Imaging Study, who underwent both gait and bone mineral density measurements, were included in this cross-sectional analysis. We used a wearable gait tracking device to collect quantitative gait parameters and then summarized them into independent gait domains with factor analysis.

Mobility-related brain regions linking carotid intima-media thickness to specific gait performances in old age.

Background: Gait disturbance is common in older adults with vascular diseases. However, how carotid atherosclerosis affects gait remains poorly understood. The objectives were to investigate the associations between carotid intima-media thickness and specific gait performances and explore the potential role of brain structure in mediating these associations.

Disease clusters subsequent to anxiety and stress-related disorders and their genetic determinants.

Anxiety/stress-related disorders have been associated with multiple diseases, whereas a comprehensive assessment of the structure and interplay of subsequent associated diseases and their genetic underpinnings is lacking. Here, we first identify 136, out of 454 tested, medical conditions associated with incident anxiety/stress-related disorders attended in specialized care using a population-based cohort from the nationwide Swedish Patient Register, comprising 70,026 patients with anxiety/stress-related disorders and 1:10 birth year- and sex-matched unaffected individuals. By combining findings from the comorbidity network and disease trajectory analyses, we identify five robust disease clusters to be associated with a prior diagnosis of anxiety/stress-related disorders, featured by predominance of psychiatric disorders, eye diseases, ear diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and skin and genitourinary diseases.

Unraveling the role of serum metabolites in the relationship between plant-based diets and bone health in community-dwelling older adults.

The potential adverse effects of the plant-based dietary pattern on bone health have received widespread attention. However, the biological mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of plant-based diets on bone health remain incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to identify potential biomarkers between plant-based diets and bone loss utilizing metabolomic techniques in the Taizhou Imaging Study (TIS) (N = 788).

Epigenome-wide association study on ambient PM exposure in Han Chinese, the NSPT study.

Ambient PM exposure has been recognized as a major health risk and related to aging, cardiovascular, respiratory and neurologic diseases, and cancer. However, underlying mechanism of epigenetic alteration and regulated pathways still remained unclear. The study on methylome effect of PM exposure was quite limited in Chinese population, and cohort-based study was absent.

Single extracellular vesicle surface protein-based blood assay identifies potential biomarkers for detection and screening of five cancers.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV proteins are promising biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. Herein, we designed a case-control study involving 100 controls and 100 patients with esophageal, stomach, colorectal, liver, or lung cancer to identify common and type-specific biomarkers of plasma-derived EV surface proteins for the five cancers. EV surface proteins were profiled using a sequencing-based proximity barcoding assay.

Intake of dietary flavonoids in relation to bone loss among U.S. adults: a promising strategy for improving bone health.

Dietary flavonoids have been recommended for improving bone health due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties. However, the effectiveness of each flavonoid subclass in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis remains controversial. The objective of the current study was to examine the association between the intake of flavonoid subclasses and bone loss in 10 480 U.

Global epidemiology of early-onset liver cancer attributable to specific aetiologies and risk factors from 2010 to 2019.

Background: Considering its emergence as a public health concern worldwide, with potential spatial-temporal heterogeneities, we aimed to determine the global burden of early-onset liver cancer attributable to aetiologies and concomitant risk factors.

Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 to determine age-standardised disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates for early-onset liver cancer by aetiologies and the population DALYs attributable to concomitant risk factors between 2010 and 2019. We also calculated estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to measure temporal trends.

Disease trajectory of high neuroticism and the relevance to psychiatric disorders: A retro-prospective cohort study.

Background: Neuroticism is a psychological personality trait that has a significant impact on public health and is also a potential predisposing factor for adverse disease outcomes; however, comprehensive studies of the subsequently developed conditions are lacking. The starting point of disease trajectory in terms of genetic variation remains unclear.

Method: Our study included 344,609 adult participants from the UK Biobank cohort who were virtually followed up from January 1, 1997.

Epigenome-wide association study on short-, intermediate- and long-term ozone exposure in Han Chinese, the NSPT study.

Epidemiological and epigenetic studies have acknowledged ambient ozone exposure associated with inflammatory and cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms still remained unclear, and epigenome-wide analysis in cohort were lacking, especially in Chinese. We included blood-derived DNA methylation for 3365 Chinese participants from the NSPT cohort and estimated individual ozone exposure level of short-, intermediate- and long-term, based on a validated prediction model.

[Construction of a Risk Prediction Model for Lung Cancer Based on Lifestyle Behaviors in the UK Biobank Large-Scale Population Cohort].

Objective: To identify the risk factors related to lifestyle behaviors that affect the incidence of lung cancer, to build a lung cancer risk prediction model to identify, in the population, individuals who are at high risk, and to facilitate the early detection of lung cancer.

Methods: The data used in the study were obtained from the UK Biobank, a database that contains information collected from 502 389 participants between March 2006 and October 2010. Based on domestic and international guidelines for lung cancer screening and high-quality research literature on lung cancer risk factors, high-risk population identification criteria were determined.

Changing prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in China between 1973 and 2021: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 3740 studies and 231 million people.

Objective: China concentrates a large part of the global burden of HBV infection, playing a pivotal role in achieving the WHO 2030 global hepatitis elimination target.

Methods: We searched for studies reporting HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence in five databases until January 2023. Eligible data were pooled using a generalised linear mixed model with random effects to obtain summary HBsAg seroprevalence.

Association between serum urea concentrations and the risk of colorectal cancer, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study.

Dysregulation of the urea cycle (UC) has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the impact of the UC's end product, urea, on CRC development remains unclear. We investigated the association between serum urea and CRC risk based on the data of 348 872 participants cancer-free at recruitment from the UK Biobank.

Association between oral health and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: the Taizhou imaging study.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between oral health and cognitive function in a sample of older adults from a Chinese rural community.

Methods: The cross-sectional cognitive function of 677 individuals were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A comprehensive profile of the oral health status was evaluated by questionnaire and clinical examination.

Associations of healthy lifestyle and three latent socioeconomic status patterns with physical multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Background: Multimorbidity is an emerging global public health concern. However, complex associations of healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic status (SES) with multimorbidity have not been identified.

Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study used data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to explore these relationships.

BMI trajectory of rapid and excessive weight gain during adulthood is associated with bone loss: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2005-2018.

Background: Studies have examined the effect of weight change on osteoporosis, but the results were controversial. Among them, few had looked at weight change over the life span. This study aimed to fill this gap and investigate the association between lifetime body mass index (BMI) trajectories and bone loss.