(Compositae, Cirsiumsect.Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), a new species from Taiwan.

A new species of , Y.H.Tseng & Chih Y.

Inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator expression in macrophages using wood vinegar from griffith's ash.

Macrophages are essential for host defense as they control foreign pathogens and induce acquired immune responses. Activated macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory reactive substances causing local cell and tissue inflammatory response, which helps an organism resist the invasion of foreign pathogens. Excessive or chronic inflammation can cause several diseases.

Sesquiterpene Synthases of : Sources of Unique Aromas of a Folklore Plant in Taiwan.

is a traditional spice crop in Taiwan with unique smells and tastes that differ between prickly (young) and nonprickly (mature) leaves. Different volatile terpenes between prickly young and nonprickly mature leaves were identified and considered to be one of the sources of their aromas. A transcriptome database was established to explore the biosynthesis of these compounds, and candidate terpene synthase genes were identified.

Phylogeography of the wide-host range panglobal plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi.

Various hypotheses have been proposed regarding the origin of the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi. P. cinnamomi is a devastating, highly invasive soilborne pathogen associated with epidemics of agricultural, horticultural and forest plantations and native ecosystems worldwide.

The complete chloroplast genome of (Ericaceae).

is endemic in Taiwan island and is a unique and epiphytic species. Here, we report its complete chloroplast genome. The length of the chloroplast genome is 230,777 bp, with a large single-copy region of 146,155 bp, a small single-copy region of 72,082 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRA) of 6,270 bp each.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of (Olivier, 1911) (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and its phylogenetic implications.

We sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of from Nankang, Taipei City, Taiwan. The complete mitogenome of is 16,964 bp long, and contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and two rDNA genes. Nucleotide compositions of the mitogenome of the are A: 43.

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of (Hanley 1843) (Bivalvia: Mytiloida: Mytilidae).

We sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of the American brackish water mussel . The mitogenome, reaching 16,302 bp in length, includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 23 transfer RNA genes. The overall nucleotide composition of mitogenome was 25.

Competition in Abies kawakamii forests at subtropical high mountain in Taiwan.

The spatial patterns of plant species reflect the competitive pressures on individuals. To generate Competition indices (CI), we measured the diameter at breast height (DBH), crown volumes (CV) and the distances between trees. In this study, Abies kawakamii were divided based on the dominant component of the understory (moss or bamboo) to (1) investigate the relationship between the CI and stand structural attributes (SSAs); (2) compare the inter- and intraspecies; CIs as well as living and dead individual CIs; and (3) examine the relationship between the DBH and CI.

Taxonomic revision of Australasian diving beetles in the genus Leiodytes Guignot, 1936 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini).

Bidessus migrator Sharp, 1882, so far assigned to Clypeodytes Régimbart, 1894, and widely distributed in Australia and New Guinea, is re-described. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, it is here transferred to Leiodytes Guignot, 1936. Bidessus loriae Régimbart, 1892 is found to be a junior subjective synonym of L.

Evaluation of Motor Coordination and Antidepressant Activities of ct. Linalool Leaf Oil in Rodent Model.

plants (Lauraceae) are a woody species native to South and Southeast Asia forests, and are widely used as food flavors and traditional medicines. This study aims to evaluate the chemical constituents of ct. linalool leaf oil, and its antidepressant and motor coordination activities and the other behavioral evaluations in a rodent animal model.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Oguma, 1913 (Odonata: Calopterygidae) and its phylogenetic implications.

We sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of from Darshi, Taoyuan County, Taiwan. The complete mitogenome of is 15,131 bp long, and contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA, and two rDNA genes. Nucleotide compositions of the mitogenome of the are A: 40.

Consequences of spatial patterns for coexistence in species-rich plant communities.

Ecology cannot yet fully explain why so many tree species coexist in natural communities such as tropical forests. A major difficulty is linking individual-level processes to community dynamics. We propose a combination of tree spatial data, spatial statistics and dynamical theory to reveal the relationship between spatial patterns and population-level interaction coefficients and their consequences for multispecies dynamics and coexistence.

Evidence for Range Expansion and Origins of an Invasive Hornet (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) in Taiwan, with Notes on Its Natural Status.

The invasive alien species (IAS) is the first reported hornet that has established in Taiwan and is concerning as they prey on honeybee , which leads to colony losses and public concerns. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the current status of abundance, dispersal, and impact and to trace the origins of Taiwan's population. Our studies took place in five areas in northern to central Taiwan.

Interactions between all pairs of neighboring trees in 16 forests worldwide reveal details of unique ecological processes in each forest, and provide windows into their evolutionary histories.

When Darwin visited the Galapagos archipelago, he observed that, in spite of the islands' physical similarity, members of species that had dispersed to them recently were beginning to diverge from each other. He postulated that these divergences must have resulted primarily from interactions with sets of other species that had also diverged across these otherwise similar islands. By extrapolation, if Darwin is correct, such complex interactions must be driving species divergences across all ecosystems.

Modeling biomass allocation strategy of young planted Zelkova serrata trees in Taiwan with component ratio method and seemingly unrelated regressions.

Trees accumulate biomass by sequestrating atmospheric carbon and allocate it to different tree components. A biomass component ratio is the ratio of biomass in a tree component to total tree biomass. Modeling the ratios for Zelkova serrata, an important native reforestation tree species in Taiwan, helps in understanding its biomass allocation strategy to design effective silvicultural treatments.

Flower-visiting insects of genus (Myrtales: Melastomataceae) at the Fushan Botanical Garden, Taiwan.

Background: We investigated the diversity and behaviour of insects that visit flowers of four native (Family Melastomataceae) species of Taiwan and a horticultural hybrid species at the Fushan Botanical Garden, Taiwan biweekly from May to August 2020. Visits of flower-visiting insects were classified into seven behavioural categories, based on the insects' behaviour and positions on the flower. The data are further assigned into four insect-flower interactions, namely pollination, herbivory, commensalism and neutralism.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of (Eichhoff, 1868) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its phylogenetic implications.

In the present report, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of from Sindien, New Taipei City, Taiwan. The length of the complete mitogenome of is 15,743 bp and the mitogenome contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNA and two rDNA genes. Nucleotide compositions of the whole mitogenome are 39.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of .

is an important hardwood species and its seeds are popular as decorative jewelry. Currently, this species is threatened in the natural forests due to habitat destruction. Here, we first report the chloroplast genome of for future studies in ecology, phylogeny, and conservation.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Bivalvia: Veneroida: Veneridae) from Kumamoto, Japan.

We sequenced and assembled the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the , from Kumamoto, Japan. The length of mitogenome is 20,180 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The nucleotide composition of the mitogenome was 25.

A Synthetic Small Molecule F240B Decreases NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Autophagy Induction.

Conjugated polyenes are a class of widely occurring natural products with various biological functions. We previously identified 4-hydroxy auxarconjugatin B (4-HAB) as anti-inflammatory agent with an IC of ~20 µM. In this study, we synthesized a new anti-inflammatory 4-HAB analogue, F240B, which has an IC of less than 1 µM.

Affinities of the fern genus (Marattiaceae) in the Solomon Islands, with descriptions of two new species.

In the process of undertaking a comprehensive review of the pteridophytes of the Solomon Islands, multiple unidentified specimens of the fern genus Murdock (Marattiaceae) were collected. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses as well as field observations were required to identify the Solomon Islands taxa. Four species and one variety are recognized from the Solomon Islands: Murdock & C.

Ginsenoside M1 Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits the Migration of Human Oral Cancer Cells.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 5.8% of all malignancies in Taiwan, and the incidence of OSCC is on the rise. OSCC is also a common malignancy worldwide, and the five-year survival rate remains poor.

Patterns of coevolution between ambrosia beetle mycangia and the , with five new fungal genera and seven new species.

Ambrosia beetles farm specialised fungi in sapwood tunnels and use pocket-like organs called mycangia to carry propagules of the fungal cultivars. Ambrosia fungi selectively grow in mycangia, which is central to the symbiosis, but the history of coevolution between fungal cultivars and mycangia is poorly understood. The fungal family previously included three ambrosial genera (, , and ), each farmed by one of three distantly related tribes of ambrosia beetles with unique and relatively large mycangium types.

Mechanism of cracking failure in curved stems due to transverse stress under a bending moment.

It is essential to understand the failure modes and the failure moments of curved stems since trees could be damaged and may cause severe loss of life and property in urban. In our previous papers, the cracking failure mechanism of hollow erect and curved trunks under bending moment was clarified and we also found that the mechanism of cracking failure of solid trunk is different from the hollow one. While the existing equation to calculate the transverse stress of a solid curved stem under a bending moment is approximate and may cause considerable errors when the initial curvature of stem is small.