Photochemical oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in the presence of Fe(III): Influence of Fe(III) concentration and UV wavelength.

The reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is key to lowering environmental toxicity and mobility, but the reverse process remains less understood. We investigated Cr(III) oxidation mechanisms across various pH levels and light wavelengths (185, 254, and 358 nm) in the presence of Fe(III). At pH 3.

Establishing an Interactive Sequence Database for Shiitake Cultivar Identification.

Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) hold significant cultural and economic value, particularly in Asia where they are extensively cultivated. The diversification of shiitake cultivars, driven by the need to adapt to various climatic conditions and cultivation methods, has resulted in over 200 distinct cultivars. Reliable identification of these cultivars is crucial for breeding, intellectual property protection, and effective genetic resource management.

Identification of powdery mildew resistance quantitative trait loci in melon and development of resistant near-isogenic lines through marker-assisted backcrossing.

Background: Melon (Cucumis melo L.), an important cucurbit crop, faces production limitations due to powdery mildew (PM). Developing resistant varieties offers a sustainable, genetics-based alternative to chemical treatments.

The genus Motschulsky from Japan and Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species from Taiwan (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini).

Four previously described species of are recognized and redescribed from Japan and Taiwan: Motschulsky, 1860, Chen, 1934, Chen, 1934, and Jacoby, 1885. Three new species from Taiwan, , , and , are described. Descriptions of species include illustrations of aedeagi, antennae, gonocoxae, abdominal ventrite VIII, and spermathecae.

Identification and molecular detection of the pathogen of leaf yellowing through genome analysis.

Moth orchids ( spp.) are globally popular ornamental flowers. However, effective management strategies for leaf yellowing remain elusive, making the disease a challenging obstacle affecting moth orchids at various growth stages.

Genomic estimated selection criteria and parental contributions in parent selection increase genetic gain of maternal haploid inducers in maize.

Parental combinations determined by genomic estimated usefulness and parental contributions of the lines in bridging population can enhance the genetic gain of traits of interest in maternal haploid inducer breeding. Parent selection in crosses aligns well with the quantitative trait performance in the progenies. We herein take advantage of estimated genetic values (EGV) and usefulness criteria (UC) of bi-parental combinations by genomic prediction (GP) to compare the empirical performance of doubled haploid inducer (DHI) progenies of eight elite inducers crosses in a half-diallel.

Safety evaluation of seeds: a metabolomic profiling and network toxicology approach.

Sacha Inchi () seeds and oil have been integrated into daily diets. However, scientific reports have raised concerns regarding potential health risks associated with saponins and alkaloids in this seeds. This study employed a combination analysis using proton-NMR, GC-MS, LC-QTOF, and GNPS molecular networking to evaluate the chemical composition of these seeds.

Systematic synthesis and identification of monolignol pathway metabolites.

Monolignol serves as the building blocks to constitute lignin, the second abundant polymer on Earth. Despite two decades of diligent efforts, complete identification of all metabolites in the currently proposed monolignol biosynthesis pathway has proven elusive. This limitation also hampers their potential application.

Diversity and characteristics of species complex (FSSC) isolates causing collar rot and fruit rot of passion fruit in Taiwan.

species complex (FSSC) is a causal agent of collar rot and fruit rot in passion fruit worldwide. This study investigated the diversity and characteristics of FSSC isolates causing collar rot and fruit rot in Taiwanese passion fruit. Thirty-five FSSC isolates were harvested from collar rot and fruit rot samples of passion fruit from various cultivars and different geographical locations in Taiwan.

A Rapid Method for Screening Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-Triggered Immunity-Intensifying Microbes.

PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) is the first layer of plant defense response that occurs on the plant plasma membrane. Recently, the application of a rhizobacterium, strain PMB05, has been demonstrated to enhance flg22- or harpin-triggered PTI response such as callose deposition. This PTI intensification by PMB05 further contributes to plant disease resistance to different bacterial diseases.

Development of Stephania tetrandra S. MOORE hairy root culture process for tetrandrine production.

Tetrandrine, a bioactive active compound mainly found in the roots of Stephania tetrandra, exhibits various pharmacological properties. In vitro hairy root (HR) culture may serve as a promising solution for the extraction of tetrandrine, overcoming the limitations of natural cultivation. The present study describes the consistent production of tetrandrine from S.

Phylogenomics identifies parents of naturally occurring tetraploid bananas.

Background: Triploid bananas are almost sterile. However, we succeeded in harvesting seeds from two edible triploid banana individuals (Genotype: ABB) in our conservation repository where various wild diploid bananas were also grown. The resulting rare offspring survived to seedling stages.

The genus Baly, 1864 (Coleoptera, Chrysomeliae, Galerucinae, Alticini) in Taiwan, with redescriptions of four Asian species and notes on the immature stages of (Erichson, 1834).

Jacoby, 1885, (Maulik, 1926), (Erichson, 1834), and Jacoby, 1894 are redescribed with illustrations of aedeagi, antennae, gonocoxae, abdominal ventrite VIII, and spermathecae. is recorded for the first time from Taiwan. The immature stages and life history of were studied in the laboratory using a novel rearing design.

Cost-effectiveness evaluation of mass-rearing Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) based on harvest theory for sustainable alternative prey production.

Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a pest in barn, and its eggs are often utilized as an alternative prey or as hosts for mass production of insect predators and parasitoids. To aid in developing a mass-rearing system for C. castella, the suitability of using an artificial diet based on brown rice flour and whole brown rice was compared using the age-stage, 2-sex life table.

Development and Evaluation of Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assays for Detection of Causing Brown Root Rot Disease.

Brown root rot disease (BRRD) is a highly destructive tree disease. Early diagnosis of BRRD has been challenging because the first symptoms and signs are often observed after extensive tissue colonization. Existing molecular detection methods, all based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, were developed without testing against global isolates, other wood-decay fungi, or host plant tissues.

Nutraceutical Potential of Djulis () Hull: Phytochemicals, Antioxidant Activity, and Liver Protection.

Djulis (), a traditional Taiwanese crop enriched with phenolic compounds and betalain pigments, is associated with various health benefits, including antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. This study analysed the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity of extracts from both the hull and kernel of Djulis. The hull extract, which contained higher levels of flavonoids and exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the kernel extract, was selected for further in vivo studies.

Zaxinone Synthase overexpression modulates rice physiology and metabolism, enhancing nutrient uptake, growth and productivity.

The rice Zaxinone Synthase (ZAS) gene encodes a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) that forms the apocarotenoid growth regulator zaxinone in vitro. Here, we generated and characterized constitutive ZAS-overexpressing rice lines, to better understand ZAS role in determining zaxinone content and regulating growth and architecture. ZAS overexpression enhanced endogenous zaxinone level, promoted root growth and increased the number of productive tillers, leading to about 30% higher grain yield per plant.

First Report of ' Phytoplasma asteris'-related Strain (16SrI group) Associated with Small Leaves, Leaf Yellowing, and Shoot Proliferation of Morning Glory () in Taiwan.

Ipomoea biflora L., commonly known as morning glory, is an herbaceous vine plant in the Convolvulaceae family and is widespread at low elevations in Taiwan and other East Asian countries. In September 2023, six I.

Insecticidal action of mammalian galectin-1-transfected Arabidopsis thaliana.

Background: Galectins (GALs) are a family of mammalian sugar-binding proteins specific for β-galactosides. Our previous studies have shown that the larval development of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is significantly disturbed when fed with recombinant mammalian galectin 1 (GAL1) derived from Escherichia coli. To further explore its applicability, two GAL1-overexpressed Arabidopsis [GAL1-Arabidopsis (whole plant) and GAL1-Arabidopsis-vas (vascular bundle-specific)] lines were established for insecticidal activity and mechanism studies.

The Fifth Residue of the Coat Protein of Turnip Mosaic Virus Is Responsible for Long-Distance Movement in a Local-Lesion Host and Aphid Transmissibility in a Systemic Host.

HC-Pro and coat protein (CP) genes of a potyvirus facilitate cell-to-cell movement and are involved in the systemic movement of the viruses. The interaction between HC-Pro and CP is mandatory for aphid transmission. Two turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates, RC4 and YC5, were collected from calla lily plants in Taiwan.

Development of doubled haploid inducer lines facilitates selection of superior haploid inducers in maize.

Haploid inducers are key components of doubled haploid (DH) technology in maize. Robust agronomic performance and better haploid induction ability of inducers are persistently sought through genetic improvement. We herein developed inducers enabling large-scale haploid induction of inducers and discovered superior inducers from the DH progenies.

Topographic influence on ecohydrology in volcanic watersheds of the western Pacific monsoon area: evidence from water stable isotope composition of meteoric water, thermal water, and plants.

In Taiwanese volcanic watersheds, we investigated stable water isotopes in meteoric water, plants, and thermal water. Meteoric water exhibited a seasonal cycle, with heavier isotopes in winter and lighter ones in summer, especially in the southern region. The northern monsoon signal lagged the south by two weeks.

Histopathology and quantification of green fluorescent protein-tagged f. sp. isolate in resistant and susceptible germplasm.

f. sp. (Folu) is a severe plant pathogen that causes vascular wilt and root rot in plants worldwide.

Fertilization benefits the facultative parasitic plant Rhamphicarpa fistulosa while gains by the infected host Oryza sativa are marginalized.

Background And Aims: Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth. is an annual facultative parasitic plant adapted to hydromorphic soils.