Prognostic Utility of the Modified Systemic Inflammation Score for Patients Undergoing Oral Cavity Cancer Surgery.

Background/objectives: Chronic inflammation significantly contributes to human malignancies. We investigated the prognostic significance of the preoperative modified systemic inflammation score (mSIS) in patients with primary oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 320 OCSCC patients who underwent curative surgery between 2007 and 2017.

Serial Examination of Platelet Function Tests Might Predict Prognosis of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke-A Cohort Study.

Background: This study investigated whether point-of-care platelet function measurements could predict favorable outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, are known to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke by 20-30%. However, identifying nonresponders to therapy remains a clinical challenge.

Intrauterine Adhesion-Induced Septated Amniotic Cavity: Ultrasonographic Findings in Second and Third Trimesters.

A 40-year-old woman who had obstetric history of one vaginal delivery and two surgical abortions to terminate early pregnancy received regular prenatal care without any systemic maternal diseases. During the detailed second trimester ultrasound, a homogenous adhesion-induced pseudocystic lesion of 8.6 × 7.

Establishment of the Normative Value of Classical Bluestone's Nine-Step Inflation/Deflation Tympanometric Eustachian Tube Function Test.

Background/objectives: The nine-step inflation/deflation tympanometric Eustachian tube function test (commonly referred to as the nine-step test) is a widely utilized method for evaluating Eustachian tube function (ETF). This study aimed to establish normative values for the nine-step test to facilitate the diagnosis of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD).

Methods: A total of 160 adults, including 70 healthy volunteers and 90 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), were recruited for this study.

Whole Exome Sequencing Facilitates Early Diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome: A Case Series.

Background: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare X-linked recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the gene, resulting in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency. Early diagnosis is critical for optimizing management and improving outcomes. This study presents a case series of three Taiwanese patients diagnosed at a single medical center.

Ten Questions on Using Lung Ultrasonography to Diagnose and Manage Pneumonia in the Hospital-at-Home Model: Part I-Techniques and Patterns.

The hospital-at-home (HaH) model delivers hospital-level acute care, including diagnostics, monitoring, and treatments, in a patient's home. It is particularly effective for managing conditions such as pneumonia. Point-of-care ultrasonography (PoCUS) is a key diagnostic tool in the HaH model, and it often serves as a substitute for imaging-based diagnosis in the HaH setting.

Ensemble Algorithm Based on Gene Selection, Data Augmentation, and Boosting Approaches for Ovarian Cancer Classification.

Ovarian cancer is a difficult and lethal illness that requires early detection and precise classification for effective therapy. Microarray technology has permitted the simultaneous assessment of hundreds of genes' expression levels, yielding important insights into the molecular pathways driving ovarian cancer. To reduce computational complexity and improve accuracy, choosing the most likely differential genes to explain the impacts of ovarian cancer is necessary.

Recent Trends in Advanced Glycation End Products in Foods: Formation, Toxicity, and Innovative Strategies for Extraction, Detection, and Inhibition.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced in foods during their thermal treatment through routes like the Maillard reaction. They have been linked to various health issues such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. There are multiple pathways through which AGEs can form in foods and the body.

Solid- and Vapor-Phase Antibacterial Activities and Mechanisms of Essential Oils Against Fish Spoilage Bacteria.

Essential oils (EOs), regarded as secondary metabolites from plants, possess effective antibacterial properties. This study investigates the antibacterial efficacy of seven citrus EOs against six spoilage bacteria: , , , , , and . The antibacterial activity of these EOs was evaluated using solid- and vapor-phase applications.

Redefining Biomedicine: Artificial Intelligence at the Forefront of Discovery.

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining biomedicine, placing itself at the forefront of groundbreaking discoveries in molecular biology, genomics, drug discovery, diagnostics, and beyond [...

Evidences on the Use of Hypofractionation in Postoperative/Salvage Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review of the Literature and Recent Developments.

Background: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is one possible curative treatment for localized prostate cancer. Despite that, up to 40% of patients will later relapse. Currently, post-operative radiotherapy (PORT) courses deliver 1.

Osimertinib as Second- and ≥Third-Line Treatment in Advanced and Recurrence EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Patients Harboring Acquired T790M Mutation.

Background/objectives: Osimertinib is a standard sequential therapy for advanced and recurrent Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with the T790M mutation, following treatment with first- or second-generation EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs). This study aims to investigate the differences in clinical outcomes between osimertinib as a 2nd-line treatment and as a ≥3rd-line treatment in this patient population.

Methods: Between September 2014 and March 2023, we enrolled advanced and recurrent T790M + NSCLC patients who had received osimertinib as sequential treatment for analysis.

Contrast-Enhanced Mammography: A Literature Review of Clinical Uses for Cancer Diagnosis and Surgical Oncology.

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) uses intermittent dual-energy (low- and high-energy) exposures to produce low-energy mammograms and recombine enhanced images after the administration of iodized contrast medium, which provides more detailed information to detect breast cancers by using the features of morphology and abnormal uptake. In this article, we reviewed the literature to clarify the clinical applications of CEM, including (1) the fundamentals of CEM: the technique, radiation exposure, and image interpretation; (2) its clinical uses for cancer diagnosis, including problem-solving, palpable mass, suspicious microcalcification, architecture distortion, screening, and CEM-guided biopsy; and (3) the concerns of surgical oncology in pre-operative and neoadjuvant chemotherapy assessments. CEM undoubtedly plays an important role in clinical practice.

Long-Term Determinants of Depression Mood: A 19-Year Follow Up of 2344 Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

This study explores depression changes and influencing factors in middle-aged and older individuals, focusing on different cognitive function states. This cohort study uses panel data from seven waves of the nationally representative Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (1996-2015) with 2344 participants aged 50 or above. Data analysis was conducted from 25 January 2023 to 4 May 2023.

Insulin Resistance and Bone Mineral Density: A Comprehensive Examination Using UK Biobank Data.

The association between insulin resistance (IR) and bone mineral density (BMD) remains contentious. The aim of this study is to assess the predictive capability of the Triglyceride and Glucose (TyG) index concerning changes in bone mineral density, encompassing both deterioration and improvement. This study analyzed data from the UK Biobank, encompassing 2527 participants after exclusions.

Antihypertensive Effects of a Sodium Thiosulfate-Loaded Nanoparticle in a Juvenile Chronic Kidney Disease Rat Model.

Sodium thiosulfate (STS), a precursor of hydrogen sulfide (HS), has demonstrated antihypertensive properties. Previous studies have suggested that HS-based interventions can prevent hypertension in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the clinical application of STS is limited by its rapid release and intravenous administration.

Monophosphate Derivatives of Luteolin and Apigenin as Efficient Precursors with Improved Oral Bioavailability in Rats.

Luteolin (Lut) and apigenin (Apn), flavones present in various edible plants, exhibit diverse antioxidant and pharmacological activities but have limited in vivo efficacy due to low water solubility and poor bioavailability. Here, we generated luteolin and apigenin monophosphate derivatives (LutPs and ApnPs) individually via microbial biotransformation. We then characterized their physicochemical properties and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.

Deciphering the Liaison Between Fine Particulate Matter Pollution, Oxidative Stress, and Prostate Cancer: Where Are We Now?

Prostate cancer (PCa), a highly prevalent cancer in men worldwide, is projected to rise in the coming years. As emerging data indicate the carcinogenic effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in lung cancer and other site-specific cancers, there is an urgent need to evaluate the relationship between this environmental risk factor and PCa as a potential target for intervention.

1008 Promotes Reproductive Function and Cognitive Activity in Aged Male Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity by Altering Metabolic Parameters and Alleviating Testicular Oxidative Damage, Inflammation and Apoptosis.

The effects of 1008 (LP1008) on age-related cognitive impairment and skeletal muscle atrophy have been reported previously. However, its role in obesity- and age-related hypogonadism has yet to be explored. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of low- and high-dose LP1008 in a high-fat-diet-fed male mouse model.

Erinacine A-Enriched Mycelium Ethanol Extract Lessens Cellular Damage in Cell and Models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 by Improvement of Nrf2 Activation.

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), caused by the abnormal expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) in the ataxin-3 protein, is one of the inherited polyQ neurodegenerative diseases that share similar genetic and molecular features. Mutant polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 protein is prone to aggregation in affected neurons and is predominantly degraded by autophagy, which is beneficial for neurodegenerative disease treatment. Not only does mutant polyQ-expanded ataxin-3 increase susceptibility to oxidative cytotoxicity, but it also hampers antioxidant potency in neuronal cells.

The C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5, Which Exerts an Antioxidant Role by Inducing HO-1 Expression, Is C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2-Dependent in Human Prostate Stroma and Cancer Cells.

While the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is recognized as an inflammatory mediator and a potent attractant for immune cells, its functions within the human prostate remain unclear. This study explored the expression, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of CXCL5 in prostate stroma and cancer cells. CXCL5 secreted from prostate cancer cells enhanced neutrophil migration.

Targeting Insulin Resistance, Reactive Oxygen Species, Inflammation, Programmed Cell Death, ER Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction for the Therapeutic Prevention of Free Fatty Acid-Induced Vascular Endothelial Lipotoxicity.

Excessive intake of free fatty acids (FFAs), especially saturated fatty acids, can lead to atherosclerosis and increase the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. FFAs also contribute to obesity, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Palmitic acid (PA) is human plasma's most abundant saturated fatty acid.

Therapeutic Potential of Hydrogen as a Radioprotective Agent for the Prevention of Radiation Dermatitis.

Radiation dermatitis (RD) is a common side effect in patients receiving radiotherapy. Currently, clinical skincare approaches for acute RD vary widely among institutions and lack consensus. Hydrogen molecules, acting as radioprotective agents by selectively scavenging free radicals, have the potential to protect against RD.

Long-Term Pentoxifylline Therapy Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease Patients.

There is limited understanding of the optimal duration and dosage of pentoxifylline (PTX) therapy required to achieve significant reductions in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, particularly in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of long-term PTX therapy on the risk of ASCVD in patients with DKD who do not have pre-existing cardiovascular disease, while also exploring potential vascular protective mechanisms. This retrospective cohort study included data from Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare's Health and Welfare Data Science Center.

Exploring Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Dysregulation in Lung Tissues of Offspring Rats Exposed to Prenatal Polystyrene Microplastics: Effects of Melatonin Treatment.

Metabolomics research provides a clearer understanding of an organism's metabolic state and enables a more accurate representation of its functional performance. This study aimed to investigate changes in the metabolome of lung tissues resulting from prenatal exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) and to understand the underlying mechanisms of lung damage in rat offspring. We conducted metabolomic analyses of lung tissue from seven-day-old rat pups exposed to prenatal PS-MPs.