Phenylpropanoids and lignoids from the whole plant of and their cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells.

One new naturally occurring quinone, 3',4'-dihydroxy-1,2,6-trimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4(1)-one (), one new diarylpropane, emarginone A (), and one new neolignan, emarginone B (), along with eighteen known compounds have been isolated from the chemical investigation of the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the whole plant methanolic extract. The new structures were elucidated by combined analysis of spectroscopic analytical methods and comparison with the literature data obtained from known analogues. In addition, the cytotoxicity of compounds , , and against Du145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines using MTT cell proliferation assay was evaluated.

(Ammine)(carbon-yl)[hydridotris(pyrazol-1-yl-κN(2))borato](triphenyl-phosphine-κP)ruthenium(II) chloride dichloro-methane disolvate.

In the title compound, [Ru(CO)(NH(3))(C(9)H(10)BN(6))(C(18)H(15)P)]Cl·2CH(2)Cl(2), the coordination environment around the Ru(II) atom is distorted octa-hedral. One of the Ru-N(Tp) [Tp = hydridotris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate] bond lengths is slightly longer than the other two as a result of the influence of the trans CO ligand. In the crystal, N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the complex cations and Cl(-) anions.

[Hydridotris(pyrazol-1-yl-κN(2))borato]bis-(methyl-amino-κN)(triphenyl-phos-phine-κP)ruthenium(II) chloride dichloro-methane solvate monohydrate.

The title salt, [Ru(Tp)(CH(5)N)(2)(PPh(3))]Cl·CH(2)Cl(2)·H(2)O [where Tp is (C(3)H(3)N(2))(3)BH and PPH(3) is C(18)H(15)P], has the Ru(III) atom in an octa-hedral geometry; one of the Ru-N(Tp) bonds [2.135 (8) Å] is slightly longer than another two, owing to the trans influence of PPh(3) ligand. N-H⋯Cl and O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding leads to the formation of layers parallel to (100).

The scale-free network behavior of ambient volatile organic compounds.

A scale-free network model with surface and vertical field measurements was used to identify the connectivity distribution of the scale-free network behavior of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results show that the carbon number (C(n)) with the total amount of C(n) compounds (P(C(n))) possesses an explicit relationship with the scale-free network behavior. The proportionate coefficient (α) and exponent (γ) of the scale-free network model with spatial and temporal variations are estimated and discussed.

A new scale-free network model for simulating and predicting epidemics.

The course of epidemics often resembles a scale-free network, but some specific elements should be considered in developing a new model. This study introduces a time-shifting and discontinuous forcing function H into the scale-free network model to fit the specific period and intensity of the infection, and redefines the probability p as abortive infection rate. For the non-human vectors or hosts, three new factors (new connectivity K(i)(t), new links M, and time delay τ) were introduced in the proposed model of this study.

The k partition-distance problem.

Many applications of data partitioning (clustering) have been well studied in bioinformatics. Consider, for instance, a set N of organisms (elements) based on DNA marker data. A partition divides all elements in N into two or more disjoint clusters that cover all elements, where a cluster contains a non-empty subset of N.

Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidation of a carbon-carbon triple bond: facile syntheses of alkenyl 1,2-diketones from alkynes.

A new oxidation procedure of alkynes catalyzed by Tp(PPh(3))(CH(3)CN)Ru-Cl is presented, which provides an efficient way to obtain alkenyl 1,2-diketones via ruthenium alkenyl 1,2-diketone intermediates. In contrast, the analogous reactions with Tp(PPh(3))(PhCN)Ru-Cl gave rise to the ruthenium metallacycle complexes.

Proton-induced reactivities of ruthenium azido complexes: the first example of boron-carbon bond formation by methylene insertion into a B-H bond.

Whereas the reaction of Tp(PhCN)(PPh(3))Ru-N(3) {Tp = HB(pz)(3), pz = pyrazolyl} with CH(3)I in CH(2)Cl(2) led to the cationic ruthenium methyleneimine complex [Tp(PPh(3))(PhCN)Ru(NH=CH(2))]I, the analogous reaction with HCl gave rise to the ruthenium chloride complex containing a methyl tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand (Me)Tp(PPh(3))(PhCN)RuCl, as a result of the highly unusual methylene insertion into a B-H bond of the Tp ligand.

Phonological bases for L2 morphological learning.

Two experiments examined the hypothesis that L1 phonological awareness plays a role in children's ability to extract morphological patterns of English as L2 from the auditory input. In Experiment 1, 84 Chinese-speaking third graders were tested on whether they extracted the alternation pattern between the base and the derived form (e.g.

Confidentiality modelling and simulation and validation in a simplified database access.

In a simplified secured database access model, privileged group and public group can access data with any distribution. In order to secure the database, the confidentiality policy must be applied. Often, the management of the database privacy is neglected because data integrity has a higher priority in an environment dealing with insensitive data.

Manipulation of operation states by polarization control in an erbium-doped fiber laser with a hybrid saturable absorber.

We propose an operation switchable ring-cavity erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) via intra-cavity polarization control. By using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror in the EDFL cavity, stable Q-switching, Q-switched mode-locking, continuous-wave mode-locking, pulse splitting, and harmonic mode-locking pulses can be manipulated simply by detuning a polarization controller while keeping the pump power at the same level. All EDFL operation states can be obtained under the polarization angles detuning within 180 degrees.

Acoustic cues to tonal contrasts in Mandarin: implications for cochlear implants.

The present study systematically manipulated three acoustic cues--fundamental frequency (f0), amplitude envelope, and duration--to investigate their contributions to tonal contrasts in Mandarin. Simplified stimuli with all possible combinations of these three cues were presented for identification to eight normal-hearing listeners, all native speakers of Mandarin from Taiwan. The f0 information was conveyed either by an f0-controlled sawtooth carrier or a modulated noise so as to compare the performance achievable by a clear indication of voice f0 and what is possible with purely temporal coding of f0.

Mutual information in the evolution of trajectories in discrete aiming movements.

This study investigated the mutual information in the trajectories of discrete aiming movements on a computer controlled graphics tablet where movement time ( 300 - 2050 ms) was manipulated in a given distance (100 mm) and movement distance (15-240 mm) in 2 given movement times (300 ms and 800 ms ). For the distance-fixed conditions, there was higher mutual information in the slower movements in the 0 vs. 80-100% trajectory point comparisons, whereas the mutual information was higher for the faster movements when comparing within the 80 and 100% points of the movement trajectory.

Allelopathy on bark of downed logs of Chamaecyparis Obtusa sieb. and Zucc. var. formosana (Hayata) Rehder.

Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. and Zucc. var.