Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of an investigational maternal respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein-based vaccine.

Background: In this phase 3 trial of an investigational maternal respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVPreF3-Mat), a higher rate of preterm birth was observed in the vaccine (6.8%) versus the placebo group (4.9%).

Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Non-surgical Treatments with or without Exercise for Diastasis Recti Abdominis in Postpartum Women: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA), commonly occurring in postpartum women, is not only an aesthetic issue but is also highly associated with functional impairments. Various conservative treatment modalities have been employed in clinical practice to alleviate DRA. However, the comparative efficacy of these non-surgical treatments for improving the inter-recti distance (IRD) remains to be determined.

Global prevalence and moderating factors of malnutrition in colorectal cancer survivors: A meta-analysis.

Purpose: This meta-analysis aims to estimate the global prevalence of severe, moderate, overall malnutrition and moderating factors of malnutrition in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Embase, CINAHL, Medline-OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to February 8, 2024, without language, region, or publication date restrictions. A generalized linear mixed model and random-effects model were used to examine the pooled prevalence, and moderator analyses were implemented to investigate variations in the pooled prevalence.

aux orchestrates the phosphorylation-dependent assembly of the lysosomal V-ATPase in glia and contributes to SNCA/α-synuclein degradation.

Glia contribute to the neuropathology of Parkinson disease (PD), but how they react opposingly to be beneficial or detrimental under pathological conditions, like promoting or eliminating SNCA/α-syn (synuclein alpha) inclusions, remains elusive. Here we present evidence that aux (auxilin), the homolog of the PD risk factor GAK (cyclin G associated kinase), regulates the lysosomal degradation of SNCA/α-syn in glia. Lack of glial GAK/aux increases the lysosome number and size, regulates lysosomal acidification and hydrolase activity, and ultimately blocks the degradation of substrates including SNCA/α-syn.

Mothers' experiences as legal guardian of children's phlebitis during hospitalization in Indonesia: A phenomenological study.

Background: Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion is a common procedure performed by nurses for hospitalized children, but phlebitis-an inflammation of the vein-is a frequent complication. The response of the mother, as the child's primary caregiver, plays a key role in the healing process when phlebitis occurs.

Objective: This study aimed to explore mothers' experiences and perceptions regarding the occurrence and management of phlebitis in their children during hospitalization.

Second-line treatment patterns and outcomes in advanced HCC after progression on atezolizumab/bevacizumab.

Background & Aims: Atezolizumab/bevacizumab (A/B) is now a standard first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the optimal second-line regimen is not known. We evaluated real-world treatment patterns and outcomes to investigate factors associated with post-progression survival (PPS).

Methods: In this multicenter, international, retrospective study, we examined clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with advanced HCC who progressed on first-line A/B.

Durvalumab, Tremelimumab, and Platinum Chemotherapy in Mutation-Positive NSCLC: An Open-Label Phase 2 Trial (ILLUMINATE).

Introduction: -mutant NSCLC is associated with low mutation burden and low levels of PD-L1 expression. We conducted a phase 2 trial to determine the efficacy of durvalumab, tremelimumab, and platinum-pemetrexed in mutant NSCLC after progression with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Methods: Participants were treated with induction durvalumab, tremelimumab, and platinum-pemetrexed, followed by durvalumab-pemetrexed maintenance.

Ventilatory variables and computed tomography features in COVID-19 ARDS and non-COVID-19-related ARDS: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: This study compared the ventilatory variables and computed tomography (CT) features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) versus those of patients with pulmonary non-COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) during the early phase of ARDS.

Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study of ARDS patients in Taiwan was performed between February 2017 and June 2018 as well as between October 2020 and January 2024. Analysis was performed on clinical characteristics, including consecutive ventilatory variables during the first week after ARDS diagnosis.

Interleukin-23 versus Interleukin-17 Inhibitors in Preventing Incidental Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients with Psoriasis: A Real-World Comparison From the TriNetX US Collaborative Network.

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a common comorbidity in patients with psoriasis (PsO) that leads to significant disease burden. Biologic therapies targeting the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis have been widely used for PsO, but their comparative effectiveness in preventing PsA remains unclear.

Objective: The study objective was to compare the occurrence of developing incidental PsA among PsO patients treated with interleukin-23 inhibitors (IL23is) or interleukin-17 inhibitors (IL17is).

Addressing healthcare disparities and improving osteoporosis management in rural communities: a cluster randomized control trial.

Unlabelled: Rural communities face healthcare challenges. This study assessed a multicomponent intervention to improve hospital visits and anti-osteoporosis medication (AOM) treatment rates. A total of 567 patients were randomized into three groups.

CN7:1h Alleviates Inflammation, Apoptosis and Extracellular Matrix Degradation in Osteoarthritis by Modulating the NF-κB and mTOR Pathways.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with a complex aetiology, which includes inflammation, cellular growth dysregulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of a small-molecule compound, 2-amino-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-benzo[h]chromene-3-carbonitrile (CN7:1h) in modulating these critical biochemical pathways in OA. Cellular models and rat models of OA were used to explore the impact of CN7:1h on the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathways.

The Evolution of Uroflowmetry and Bladder Diary and the Emerging Trend of Using Home Devices From Hospital to Home.

Although uroflowmetry and bladder diaries are widely used for noninvasive evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms, they still have limitations in diagnostic capability and users' convenience. The aim of this paper is to discuss potential solutions by reviewing (1) the evolution and current clinical use of uroflowmetry and bladder diary, including clinical guidelines, daily practice applications, and their historical development; (2) a growing trend toward using home devices with various technologies; and (3) a comprehensive comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of these home devices. In our opinion, the following points can be highlighted: (1) the emerging trend of using home devices can enhance diagnostic capabilities through repeated measurements and the convenience of at-home testing and (2) home devices, which provide both frequency-volume and uroflowmetry information, have the potential to transform the management of lower urinary tract symptoms.

Use of Electronic Health Records to Identify Factors Related to Skin Changes in Terminal Patients.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of skin changes at life's end (SCALE) among hospice patients and identify associated factors.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of demographic data, medical history, Braden Scale assessment scores, Charlson Comorbidity Index, symptom records, and medical treatments of patients admitted to a local teaching hospital's hospice unit between May 2019 and April 2021.

Results: Most (79%) of the 300 hospice patients included in the study had cancer.

Transthyretin variants impact blood-nerve barrier and neuroinflammation in amyloidotic neuropathy.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding transthyretin (TTR). Despite amyloid deposition being pathognomonic for diagnosis, this pathology in nervous tissues cannot fully account for nerve degeneration, implying additional pathophysiology for neurodegeneration, which, however, has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, neuroinflammation in ATTRv-PN was investigated by examining nerve morphometry, the blood-nerve barrier, and macrophage infiltration in the sural nerves of ATTRv-PN patients and the sciatic nerves of a complementary mouse system, i.

Systematic review of 99 extremity bone malignancy survival prediction models.

Background: Various prediction models have been developed for extremity metastasis and sarcoma. This systematic review aims to evaluate extremity metastasis and sarcoma models using the utility prediction model (UPM) evaluation framework.

Methods: We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane to identify articles presenting original prediction models with 1-year survival outcome for extremity metastasis and 5-year survival outcome for sarcoma.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin and Curcumin Alleviate Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Maintaining Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice.

Curcuminoids, found in turmeric ( L.), include curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). Although CUR and DMC are well-studied, the anti-inflammatory effects of BDMC remain less explored.

Comparison of different microbiome analysis pipelines to validate their reproducibility of gastric mucosal microbiome composition.

Microbiome analysis has become a crucial tool for basic and translational research due to its potential for translation into clinical practice. However, there is ongoing controversy regarding the comparability of different bioinformatic analysis platforms and a lack of recognized standards, which might have an impact on the translational potential of results. This study investigates how the performance of different microbiome analysis platforms impacts the final results of mucosal microbiome signatures.

Soft coral Lobophytum crassum extract inhibits migration and induces apoptosis capabilities in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Background/purpose: The extract of the soft coral has shown an anti-cancer activity in various cancer cells. However, its effect on the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell (OSCC) lines remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-cancer effects of the extract of (C127) on the OSCC cells.

Enhancement of titanium surfaces using different acid solutions at room temperature to improve bone cell responses.

Background/purpose: Early osseointegration of titanium (Ti) dental implants relies on the surface topography. Surface modification of Ti seeks to enhance bone regeneration around implants. Acid etching is the simple, less technique sensitive and cost-effective technique for surface treatment.