Understanding the anatomical basis of anorectal fistulas and their surgical management: exploring different types for enhanced precision and safety.

Anorectal fistulas remain one of the most challenging conditions in colorectal surgery and require precise anatomical knowledge for successful management. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current evidence on the anatomical foundations of fistula development and treatment, particularly focusing on the cryptoglandular hypothesis and its clinical implications. A systematic analysis of the recent literature has examined the relationship between anatomical structures and fistula formation, classification systems, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic approaches.

Galegine, a Bioprivileged Alkaloid from Tithonia tubaeformis: Antipyretic Activity Insights.

Background: In continuation of our chemical and biological work on Tithonia tubaeformis, we evaluated the antipyretic activity of its extract which on fractionation gives a pure alkaloid galegine. Galegine a bioprivileged compound, is a hemiterpene bearing a guanidine group, which holds significant importance in medicinal chemistry. Biological activities such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular, anticancer, and antihypertensive, are often associated with guanidine-containing molecules.

Refractive Results With EyeCryl Phakic Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation in a Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and stability of EyeCryl Phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in Maghrabi Hospital in Medina to review 31 patients who underwent posterior chamber phakic IOL (EyeCryl Phakic IOL) for surgical correction of myopia or astigmatism. The data were collected from patient medical records after obtaining their consents.

Exploring the potential of some natural indoles as antiviral agents: quantum chemical analysis, inverse molecular docking, and affinity calculations.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections represent critical global health challenges due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with co-infections. HIV, the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), infects 4,000 people daily, potentially leading to 1.2 million new cases by 2025, while HCV chronically affects 58 million people, causing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Clusters explaining the relation between menopause and self-reported periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Menopause is an important milestone in the women's life continuum and is associated with potentially adverse effects, including those related to oral health. This study assessed self-reported periodontal disease in relation to menopausal status.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample of female university dental hospital attendees was conducted using a validated, self-administered, self-reported periodontal disease questionnaire.

Transanal Resection of a Prolapsed Rectal Lipoma: A Report of a Rare Case.

Lipoma is a benign tumor that arises from mesenchymal cells and is considered relatively rare. Although lipomas can develop anywhere in the digestive tract, they are seldom found within the intestinal tract. Typically asymptomatic, colonic lipomas usually do not require treatment unless they result in symptoms that warrant surgical intervention.

Modulation of plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism by novel actinobacteria Rhodospirillum sp. to combat galaxolide toxicity in barley and maize plants.

The phytotoxic effect of cosmetics such as galaxolide (HHCB) has been investigated, however, their metabolic basis of this impact is still obscure. Thus, we investigated the effect of HHCB on the biomass accumulation, photosynthesis, primary and secondary metabolites in two species from different functional groups i.e.

The Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Emergency Department Staff to Preparedness of Disaster and Emergency in Saudi Arabia: Multicenter Cross-sectional Study.

Aim: Disasters worldwide are increasing, impacting millions annually. In Saudi Arabia, disaster planning is crucial for emergency department (ED) staff, who must be trained in disaster management plans and operational strategies to handle disasters such as epidemics and Hajj overcrowding.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study targeting ED staff in 92 hospitals all over Saudi Arabia.

Simulation-based training program effect on pediatric nurses' knowledge and performance regarding heel-prick during newborn blood screening test.

Background: One of the best ways to impart important skills to trainees is through simulation-based training, which is more reliable than the conventional clinical examination method. It is used in pediatric nursing training to allow nurses to practice and improve their clinical and conversational skills during an actual child encounter. A heel-prick is a complex psychomotor task that requires skill and knowledge from the pediatric nurse performing the procedure while applying for the National Newborn Screening Program.

Alkalinity exposure induced growth inhibition, intestinal histopathological changes, and down-regulated nutrient transporter expression in Nile Tilapia: The ameliorative role of dietary camel whey protein hydrolysates.

Alkaline stress impairs fish productivity and performance and, therefore, is considered one of the major challenges facing aquaculture. In this work, the effects of supplementing diets with camel whey protein hydrolysates (WPH) on growth, digestion, antioxidant capacity, and gene expression were investigated in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under alkaline stress. A total of 160 fish (16.

The protective efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotransmitter perturbations, and apoptosis induced by monosodium glutamate in the brain of male rats.

Exaggerated neuronal excitation by glutamate is a well-known cause of excitotoxicity, a key factor in numerous neurodegenerative disorders. This study examined the neurotoxic effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the brain cortex of rats and focused on assessing the potential neuroprotective effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs). Four groups of adult male rats (n = 10) were assigned as follows; normal control, ω-3 PUFAs (400 mg/kg) alone, MSG (4 mg/g) alone, and MSG plus ω-3 PUFAs (4 mg/g MSG plus 400 mg/kg ω-3 PUFAs).

Influence of Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with Pelvic Floor Exercises on Postpartum Coccydynia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study was conducted to investigate whether the addition of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) to pelvic floor exercises (PFEs) is more effective in treating postpartum coccydynia compared with either modality alone. Postpartum coccydynia is a widespread condition that significantly affects the quality of life. Inflammation as a response to childbirth trauma and weakening of the muscles and ligaments attached to the coccyx are presumed causes of postpartum coccydynia.

Managing cognitive impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Saudi Arabia: what are the current practices?

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a common comorbidity, yet overlooked, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the current practice and perceptions of physicians on recognising and managing cognitive impairment in patients with COPD in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate current practices and perceptions of physicians in Saudi Arabia regarding the recognition and management of cognitive impairment in COPD patients.

Correction: Novel pyrimidine linked acyl thiourea derivatives as potent α-amylase and proteinase K inhibitors: design, synthesis, molecular docking and ADME studies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4RA05799F.].

Enteral Nutrition Practices and Complications in ICU Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study of Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Enteral Nutrition (EN) is the preferred method for providing nutritional support in intensive care units (ICUs) compared to parenteral nutrition (PN) due to its physiological advantages, safety profile, and cost-effectiveness compared to parenteral nutrition (PN). However, evidence suggests that EN might be associated with some complications. In this study, we aimed to identify the most common EN complications, as reported by healthcare professionals (HCPs) working in adult and paediatric ICUs (PICUs) in Saudi Arabia.

Body Fat and Obesity Rates, Cardiovascular Fitness, and the Feasibility of a Low-Intensity Non-Weight-Centric Educational Intervention Among Late Adolescents: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Obesity rates among Saudi adolescents are increasing, with regional variations highlighting the need for tailored interventions. School-based health programs in Saudi Arabia are limited and often emphasize weight and body size, potentially exacerbating body image dissatisfaction. There is limited knowledge on the feasibility of non-weight-centric educational programs in Saudi Arabia and their effects on health behaviors and body image.

AAC narrative intervention for children with autism.

In research, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) interventions have primarily focused on teaching children to make requests; however, AAC intervention should not stop there. There is a dearth of AAC intervention research targeting other communicative functions, despite there being a significant need to enhance children's communication competence in a variety of social and educational contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine the initial efficacy and feasibility of an AAC narrative intervention on the picture-supported retelling skills of three children with autism, aged 6-9 years old.

Chronic stress-induced neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex: Structural, functional, and molecular mechanisms from development to aging.

Chronic stress profoundly affects the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region critical for executive functions and emotional regulation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on stress-induced PFC plasticity, encompassing structural, functional, and molecular changes. We examine how chronic stress leads to dendritic atrophy, spine loss, and alterations in neuronal connectivity within the PFC, particularly affecting the medial PFC.

Exploring Azithromycin's Neuroprotective Role in Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights into Cognitive and Motor Recovery and Neuroinflammatory Modulation.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and often results in substantial cognitive, motor, and psychological impairments, triggering oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of azithromycin (AZI) in TBI.

Methods: TBI was induced in rats using the weight-drop method.

Fabrication and In Vivo Evaluation of In Situ pH-Sensitive Hydrogel of Sonidegib-Invasomes via Intratumoral Delivery for Basal Cell Skin Cancer Management.

Background/objectives: Basal cell skin cancer (BCSC) develops when skin cells proliferate uncontrollably. Sonidegib (SDB) is a therapeutic option for the treatment of BCSC by inhibiting hedgehog signaling. The problems with SDB's low solubility, poor bioavailability, resistance, poor targeting, and first-pass action make it less effective when taken orally.

DeepGenMon: A Novel Framework for Monkeypox Classification Integrating Lightweight Attention-Based Deep Learning and a Genetic Algorithm.

: The rapid global spread of the monkeypox virus has led to serious issues for public health professionals. According to related studies, monkeypox and other types of skin conditions can spread through direct contact with infected animals, humans, or contaminated items. This disease can cause fever, headaches, muscle aches, and enlarged lymph nodes, followed by a rash that develops into lesions.

An infodemiologic review of internet resources on dental hypersensitivity: A quality and readability assessment.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the quality and readability of online English health information about dental sensitivity and how patients evaluate and utilize these web-based information.

Methods: The credibility and readability of health information was obtained from three search engines. We conducted searches in "incognito" mode to reduce the possibility of biases.

Marginal Fit and Fracture Resistance of Vertical Versus Horizontal Margins in Monolithic Zirconia Crowns.

Objective: The use of vertical margin design in all-ceramic restoration has generated inquiries regarding its clinical efficacy under diverse dynamic oral conditions. This research aims to assess the marginal fit and fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crowns featuring vertical margin design as opposed to those with conventional horizontal margin design.

Materials And Methods: Two metal dies were employed to generate replicated resin dies mimicking mandibular first molar preparation.

Prevalence of Vitamin K2 Deficiency and Its Association with Coronary Artery Disease: A Case-Control Study.

Background/objectives: Vitamin K2 analogs are associated with decreased vascular calcification, which may provide protective benefits for individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) by stimulating anti-calcific proteins like matrix Gla protein and adjusting innate immune responses. This study addresses a significant gap in understanding the association between serum levels of vitamin K2 analogs in different CAD types and examines their correlations with clinical risk parameters in CAD patients.

Methods: This case-control study enrolled CAD patients and healthy controls to assess and compare serum concentrations of two vitamin K2 analogs including menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7) via ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).