YAP1 Promotes Tumor Invasion and Metastasis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with HBsAg (+) commonly present with high frequencies of distant metastasis and poor survival rate; however, the mechanism has not been elucidated.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression between HBsAg (+) and HBsAg (-) of NPC patients, then analyzed the relationship of YAP1 with survival. We further explored the anti-tumor role in NPC cell lines using YAP1 siRNA technique, and checked whether YAP1 regulatesepithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT).

Author Correction: A hypoxia-responsive TRAF6-ATM-H2AX signalling axis promotes HIF1α activation, tumorigenesis and metastasis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

How can we improve antidepressant adherence in the management of depression? A targeted review and 10 clinical recommendations.

Adherence to antidepressants is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes when treating depressive disorders. However, poor adherence is common among patients prescribed antidepressants. This targeted review summarizes the main factors associated with poor adherence, interventions that promote antidepressant adherence, pharmacological aspects related to antidepressant adherence, and formulates 10 clinical recommendations to optimize antidepressant adherence.

Systematic and random errors of PET-based Y 3D dose quantification.

Purpose: The objective was to characterize both systematic and random errors in Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-based Y three-dimensional (3D) dose quantification.

Methods: A modified NEMA-IEC phantom was used to emulate Y-microsphere PET imaging conditions: sphere activity concentrations of 1.6 and 4.

The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide reverses mania-like alterations and memory deficits induced by D-amphetamine and augments lithium effects in mice: Relevance for bipolar disorder.

Metabolic and psychiatric disorders present a bidirectional relationship. GLP-1 system, known for its insulinotropic effects, has also been associated with numerous regulatory effects in cognitive and emotional processing. GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) agonists present neuroprotective and antidepressant/anxiolytic properties.

Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) Promotes Uterine Serous Cancer Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Progression.

Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is the most aggressive form of endometrial cancer, with poor survival rates and high recurrence risk. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify therapeutic targets that could aid in the management of USC. By analyzing endometrial cancer samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) to be highly expressed in USC and to correlate with poorer overall survival.

Gut microbiota-brain axis in depression: The role of neuroinflammation.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric condition that affects a large number of people in the world, and the treatment existents do not work for all individuals affected. Thus, it is believed that other systems or pathways which regulate brain networks involved in mood regulation and cognition are associated with MDD pathogenesis. Studies in humans and animal models have been shown that in MDD there are increased levels of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines in both periphery and central nervous system (CNS).

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with long-term cognitive impairment in an animal sepsis model.

Several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain long-term cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors. The role of persisting mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. We thus sought to determine whether stimulation of mitochondrial dynamics improves mitochondrial function and long-term cognitive impairment in an experimental model of sepsis.

Lymphocyte-specific kinase expression is a prognostic indicator in ovarian cancer and correlates with a prominent B cell transcriptional signature.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic and biologic significance of immune-related gene expression in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC).

Methods: Gene expression dependent survival analyses for a panel of immune related genes were evaluated in HGSOC utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Prognostic value of LCK was validated using IHC in an independent set of 72 HGSOC.

Automatic detection of contouring errors using convolutional neural networks.

Purpose: To develop a head and neck normal structures autocontouring tool that could be used to automatically detect the errors in autocontours from a clinically validated autocontouring tool.

Methods: An autocontouring tool based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) was developed for 16 normal structures of the head and neck and tested to identify the contour errors from a clinically validated multiatlas-based autocontouring system (MACS). The computed tomography (CT) scans and clinical contours from 3495 patients were semiautomatically curated and used to train and validate the CNN-based autocontouring tool.

A chirality-dependent action of vitamin C in suppressing Kirsten rat sarcoma mutant tumor growth by the oxidative combination: Rationale for cancer therapeutics.

Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutant cancers, which constitute the vast majority of pancreatic tumors, are characterized by their resistance to established therapies and high mortality rates. Here, we developed a novel and extremely effective combinational therapeutic approach to target KRAS mutant tumors through the generation of a cytotoxic oxidative stress. At high concentrations, vitamin C (VC) is known to provoke oxidative stress and selectively kill KRAS mutant cancer cells, although its effects are limited when it is given as monotherapy.

Assessment of setup uncertainty in hypofractionated liver radiation therapy with a breath-hold technique using automatic image registration-based image guidance.

Background: Target localization in radiation therapy is affected by numerous sources of uncertainty. Despite measures to minimize the breathing motion, the treatment of hypofractionated liver radiation therapy is further challenged by residual uncertainty coming from involuntary organ motion and daily changes in the shape and location of abdominal organs. To address the residual uncertainty, clinics implement image-guided radiation therapy at varying levels of soft-tissue contrast.

MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy of epithelial origin that is prone to local invasion and early distant metastasis. Although concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy improves the 5-year survival outcomes, persistent or recurrent disease still occurs. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are needed for NPC patients.

Maternal deprivation increases microglial activation and neuroinflammatory markers in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of infant rats.

A relationship between neuroinflammation and the development of psychiatric disorder have been revealed by many studies in the past decade. Although studies have shown that stressors can induce long-term changes that may be related to behavioral responses, these alterations have been poorly studied soon after a stressor, such as maternal deprivation (MD). Thus, this study was designed to investigate the acute effect of experimental induction of MD on inflammatory and microglial activation markers in the brain of infant rats.

Microglial Cells Depletion Increases Inflammation and Modifies Microglial Phenotypes in an Animal Model of Severe Sepsis.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is highly prevalent and has impact both in early and late morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms by which sepsis induces brain dysfunction include neuroinflammation, disrupted blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, and microglial activation, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these events are not completely understood. Our objective was to determine the effects of microglial depletion in the early systemic and brain inflammatory response and its impact in phenotypes expression in an animal model of sepsis.

Stem cell proliferation is induced by apoptotic bodies from dying cells during epithelial tissue maintenance.

Epithelial tissues require the removal and replacement of damaged cells to sustain a functional barrier. Dying cells provide instructive cues that can influence surrounding cells to proliferate, but how these signals are transmitted to their healthy neighbors to control cellular behaviors during tissue homeostasis remains poorly understood. Here we show that dying stem cells facilitate communication with adjacent stem cells by caspase-dependent production of Wnt8a-containing apoptotic bodies to drive cellular turnover in living epithelia.

Proteomic Profiling of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Identifies Two Protein Signatures Associated with Relapse.

Purpose: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the most prognostically favorable subtype of Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Defining the features that allow identification of APL patients likely to relapse after therapy remains challenging.

Experimental Design: Proteomic profiling is performed on 20 newly diagnosed APL, 205 non-APL AML, and 10 normal CD34+ samples using Reverse Phase Protein Arrays probed with 230 antibodies.

Cell type-specific function of TRAF2 and TRAF3 in regulating type I IFN induction.

Background: TRAF3 is known as a central mediator of type I interferon (IFN) induction by various pattern recognition receptors, but the in vivo function of TRAF3 in host defense against viral infection is poorly defined due to the lack of a viable mouse model.

Results: Here we show that mice carrying conditional deletion of TRAF3 in myeloid cells or dendritic cells do not have a significant defect in host defense against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. However, whole-body inducible deletion of TRAF3 renders mice more sensitive to VSV infection.

IFT20 is required for the maintenance of cartilaginous matrix in condylar cartilage.

Condylar cartilage is a joint cartilage essential for smooth jaw movement. The importance of ciliary proteins in condylar cartilage development has been reported. However, little is known about how ciliary proteins control the homeostasis of condylar cartilage.

Design, fabrication, and validation of patient-specific electron tissue compensators for postmastectomy radiation therapy.

Background And Purpose: Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) is complex to plan and deliver, but could be improved with 3D-printed, patient-specific electron tissue compensators. The purposes of this study were to develop an algorithm to design patient-specific compensators that achieve clinical goals, to 3D-print the planned compensators, and validate calculated dose distributions with film and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) measurements in 3D-printed phantoms of PMRT patients.

Materials And Methods: An iterative algorithm was developed to design compensators corresponding to single-field, single-energy electron plans for PMRT patients.

PPARγ maintains the metabolic heterogeneity and homeostasis of renal tubules.

Background: The renal tubules, which have distant metabolic features and functions in different segments, reabsorb >99% of approximately 180 l of water and 25,000 mmol of Na  daily. Defective metabolism in renal tubules is involved in the pathobiology of kidney diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation in renal tubules remain to be defined.

Dose volume histogram-based optimization of image reconstruction parameters for quantitative Y-PET imaging.

Purpose: Y-microsphere radioembolization or selective internal radiation therapy is increasingly being used as a treatment option for tumors that are not candidates for surgery and external beam radiation therapy. Recently, volumetric Y-dosimetry techniques have been implemented to explore tumor dose-response on the basis of 3D Y-activity distribution from PET imaging. Despite being a theranostic study, the optimization of quantitative Y-PET image reconstruction still uses the mean activity concentration recovery coefficient (RC) as the objective function, which is more relevant to diagnostic and detection tasks than is to dosimetry.

A peptide encoded by circular form of LINC-PINT suppresses oncogenic transcriptional elongation in glioblastoma.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of transcripts in the mammalian genome. Although the translation of circRNAs was reported, additional coding circRNAs and the functions of their translated products remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that an endogenous circRNA generated from a long noncoding RNA encodes regulatory peptides.