Threat and Deprivation as Distinct Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress and Depression Symptoms in First and Second Generation Latinx Youth.

Recent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) scholarship emphasizes that differing ACEs affect the onset and course of psychopathology, and that sociopolitical context contributes to ACEs experienced by marginalized youth. Guided by the Immigration-Related Adverse Childhood Experiences Model, we explored the associations between different ACEs-immigration enforcement fear and perceived economic hardship-on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among first and second-generation Latinx youth in immigrant families. Participants (n=306) included students from 11 high schools in two states (58% female; 25% aged 17 or older).

Multi-layer transfer learning algorithm based on improved common spatial pattern for brain-computer interfaces.

In the application of brain-computer interface, the differences in imaging methods and brain structure between subjects hinder the effectiveness of decoding algorithms when applied on different subjects. Transfer learning has been designed to solve this problem. There have been many applications of transfer learning in motor imagery (MI), however the effectiveness is still limited due to the inconsistent domain alignment, lack of prominent data features and allocation of weights in trails.

Total versus Partial Workplace Tobacco Use Bans in Texas Behavioral Health Centers and their Associations with Employees' Report of Clear Signage, Policy Enforcement, Policy Awareness, and Their Beliefs, Training, and Practices Conducive to Addressing Clients' Tobacco Use.

Objectives: Adults with behavioral health needs exhibit elevated tobacco use rates. Tobacco-free workplace policies (TFWPs) at behavioral health treatment centers can effectively curb clients' tobacco use and secondhand smoke/vape exposure. However, there is little extant observational research about how total versus partial workplace tobacco use bans are associated with employee's perceptions of signage clarity, consistency of enforcement, and stakeholders' policy awareness in behavioral health centers.

Advancements in Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: Process, Materials, Optimization, Applications, and Challenges.

Cold spray additive manufacturing (CSAM) is a cutting-edge high-speed additive manufacturing process enabling the production of high-strength components without relying on traditional high-temperature methods. Unlike other techniques, CSAM produces oxide-free deposits and preserves the feedstock's original characteristics without adversely affecting the substrate. This makes it ideal for industries requiring materials that maintain structural integrity.

Efficacy of High-Definition Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (HD-tACS) at the M1 Hotspot Versus C3 Site in Modulating Corticospinal Tract Excitability.

Previous studies have shown that beta-band transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applied at the M1 hotspot can modulate corticospinal excitability. However, it remains controversial whether tACS can influence motor unit activities at the spinal cord level. This study aims to compare the efficacy of applying tACS over the hotspot versus the conventional C3 site on motor unit activities and subsequent behavioral changes.

Eye Movement Patterns in Russian-Speaking Adolescents with Differing Reading Comprehension Proficiency: Exploratory Scanpath Analysis.

Previous research has indicated that individuals with varying levels of reading comprehension (often used as a proxy for general cognitive ability) employ distinct reading eye movement patterns. This exploratory eye-tracking study aimed to investigate the text-reading process in adolescents with differing reading comprehension, specifically examining how these differences manifest at the global eye movement level through scanpath analysis. Our findings revealed two distinct groups of scanpaths characterized by statistically significant differences in eye movement parameters.

An analytical, numerical and experimental study of in-vitro SARS-CoV-2 evolution in Vero B4 cells.

We derive a numerical model representing the emergence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, informed by data from in-vitro passaging experiments in Vero B4 cells. We compare our numerical simulation results against probabilistic derivations of the expected probability of and time until the fittest variant becomes fixed in the population. Contrary to literature surrounding DNA viruses and eukaryotes where probabilities of fitness extremes are often modelled by exponential decaying tail, we show that above wildtype fitness differences for SARS-CoV-2 are actually best modelled by a heavy-tailed Fréchet distribution.

Increases in PM levels in Houston are associated with a highly recirculating sea breeze.

Local land-sea breezes play an important role in coastal air quality because they circulate air between coastal/urban and marine areas, potentially causing the accumulation of pollutants. This has been observed for the secondary photochemical pollutant ozone. However, particulate matter (PM) also warrants investigation.

Testis- and ovary-expressed polo-like kinase transcripts and gene duplications affect male fertility when expressed in the Drosophila melanogaster germline.

Polo-like kinases (Plks) are essential for spindle attachment to the kinetochore during prophase and the subsequent dissociation after anaphase in both mitosis and meiosis. There are structural differences in the spindle apparatus among mitosis, male meiosis, and female meiosis. It is therefore possible that alleles of Plk genes could improve kinetochore attachment or dissociation in spermatogenesis or oogenesis, but not both.

Photophysical properties of three-coordinate heteroleptic Cu(I) β-diketiminate triarylphosphine complexes.

A series of heteroleptic copper(I) β-diketiminate triarylphosphine complexes is reported, having the general formula Cu(RNacNac)(PPh), where RNacNac is a substituted β-diketiminate and PPh is a triphenylphosphine derivative. A total of five different RNacNac ligands and three different triarylphosphines are used to assemble the nine complexes. The syntheses, X-ray crystal structures, cyclic voltammograms, and UV-vis absorption spectra of all compounds are described.

Effects of Type II Diabetes on upper extremity muscle characteristics in older adults.

With one in every four older adults living with T2D and one in every two older adults meeting the criteria for prediabetes, neuromuscular changes due to T2D are likely to impact functional activities in this population. Limited work in evaluating motor unit number and size across muscles in the upper extremity in persons with Type II Diabetes (T2D) exists, mostly due to the traditional belief bias that the upper extremity is relatively spared in T2D as compared to the lower extremities. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate motor unit number and size (using electrophysiological motor unit number index (MUNIX) and motor unit size index (MUSIX)) across the upper extremity in older adults with T2D (n = 13) as compared to healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n = 12).

Group cohesion and passive dynamics of a pair of inertial swimmers with three-dimensional hydrodynamic interactions.

When swimming animals form cohesive groups, they can reap several benefits. Our understanding of collective animal motion has traditionally been driven by models based on phenomenological behavioral rules, but more recent work has highlighted the critical importance of hydrodynamic interactions among a group of inertial swimmers. To study how hydrodynamic interactions affect group cohesion, we develop a three-dimensional, inviscid, far-field model of a swimmer.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Perceived Health Status Among Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Introduction: Understanding health outcomes among people with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is crucial for improving treatment strategies and patient quality of life. This study investigated racial and ethnic disparities in perceived health status among non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White adults with CVD.

Methods: The study had a retrospective cross-sectional design and used data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey spanning 8 calendar years (2014-2021).

Uncovering bacterial-mammalian cell interactions via single-cell tracking.

Background: The interactions between bacterial pathogens and host cells are characterized by a multitude of complexities, leading to a wide range of heterogeneous outcomes. Despite extensive research, we still have a limited understanding of how bacterial motility in complex environments impacts their ability to tolerate antibiotics and adhere to mammalian cell surfaces. The challenge lies in unraveling the complexity of these interactions and developing quantitative microscopy approaches to predict the behavior of bacterial populations.

The Influence of Dopaminergic Medication on Regularity and Determinism of Gait and Balance in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Analysis.

: Understanding how dual-tasking and Parkinson's disease medication affect gait and balance regularity can provide valuable insights to patients, caregivers, and clinicians regarding frailty and fall risk. However, dual-task gait and balance studies in PD most often only employ linear measures to describe movement regularity. Some have used nonlinear techniques to analyze PD performances, but only in the on-medication state.

Yes, polygenic sex determination is a thing!

The process of sexual development in animals is modulated by a variety of mechanisms. Some species respond to environmental cues, while, in others, sex determination is thought to be controlled by a single 'master regulator' gene. However, many animals respond to a combination of environmental cues (e.

A "silent storm": uncovering the escalating crisis in mental healthcare for children and adolescents in Slovenia during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim: Our aim was to assess the burden of children and adolescents' mental health problems on the Slovenian outpatient healthcare system before, during and after the pandemic.

Methods: In a retrospective analysis of healthcare indicators from 2008 to 2023, we analysed data from the National Institute of Public Health. Key domains included initial visits for mental and behavioural disorders (MBDs) to primary care for the population aged 0-19; the number of referrals to an initial assessment with a child and adolescent psychiatrist (CAP) at the secondary level for the population aged 0-17 along with the corresponding waiting times; and the number of urgent referrals for the population aged 0-17 to emergency mental health centres at the tertiary level.

Systemic and Ocular Associations of Keratoconus.

Introduction: Keratoconus (KC) is the most prevalent corneal ectasia in the world and its pathogenesis is influenced by both ocular and systemic factors. This review explores the multifaceted associations between keratoconus and systemic health conditions, ocular characteristics, and various other environmental/exogenous factors, aiming to illuminate how these relationships influence the pathophysiology of the disease.

Areas Covered: This review will summarize the fundamental attributes of KC, review and discuss the systemic and ocular association of KC including molecular biomarkers, and provide an organized overview of the parallel alterations occurring within various biological pathways in KC.

Engraftment of a surrogate antigen onto tumor cell surface via pHLIP peptide to universally target CAR-T cell therapy to solid tumors.

CAR-T cells and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are immunotherapeutics that have shown efficacies against certain malignancies. However, their broad application is hindered by the scarcity of tumor-associated antigens on tumor cell surfaces. Previous investigations unveiled the unique capacity of pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP) to anchor to plasma membranes under acidic conditions.

Development of the two-factor modified Kids Eating Disorder Survey (M-KEDS): a validation study with hispanic adolescents.

Background: Disordered eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction are highly prevalent among adolescents and linked to negative health outcomes. While Hispanic adolescents appear to be at high risk of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction, validated tools for assessment of these health concerns among this population are lacking.

Methods: This study used Confirmatory Factor Analysis to establish factorial validity for the Kids Eating Disorder Survey (KEDS) among a community sample of Hispanic adolescents.

Transdiagnostic Risk Factors for Reasons for Smoking: Evaluating the Concurrent Role of Distress Tolerance and Anxiety Sensitivity.

Background: Although rates of cigarette smoking have declined in the US, many individuals report experiencing significant barriers to quitting smoking, including poor mental health. Two prominent affective vulnerability factors that independently underlie both smoking behavior and processes and mental health include distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity. However, limited work has examined the concurrent role of these factors on motivational reasons for smoking.

Distress and inflammation are independently associated with cancer-related symptom severity.

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal associations of distress and inflammation with somatic and depressive symptom severity in breast cancer patients, from before to six months after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We also explored feasibility and effects of an early mindfulness-based intervention for preventing or reducing somatic and depressive symptoms.

Methods: Longitudinal pilot study with a randomized waitlist-controlled intervention design.