Diffusion-weighted arterial spin labeling MRI to investigate mannitol-induced blood brain barrier disruption.

Purpose: Diffusion-weighted arterial spin labeling (DW-ASL) MRI has been proposed to determine the rate of water exchange (K) across the blood brain barrier (BBB). This study aims to further evaluate K MRI by comparing it with standard dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and histology in association with mannitol-induced disruption of the BBB.

Methods: DW-ASL was measured using a multiple b-value MRI protocol in normal rats at three post-labeling delays (N = 19), before and after intra-carotid injection of mannitol to disrupt BBB in one hemisphere (N = 13).

Impacto - A single-arm open-label pilot trial of a digital-based integrated smoking cessation program for Spanish-speaking Hispanic individuals who smoke: Development, feasibility, engagement, and clinical outcomes.

Introduction: Hispanic/Latinx (hereafter Hispanic) individuals who smoke have challenges in quitting and a disproportionate risk of smoking-related health problems when compared to the general population. The smoking inequalities among the Hispanic population are influenced by limited treatment access and chronic stress exposure (e.g.

Rhythm is essential: Unraveling the relation between the circadian clock and cancer.

Physiological processes such as the sleep-wake cycle, metabolism, hormone secretion, neurotransmitter release, sensory capabilities, and a variety of behaviors, including sleep, are controlled by a circadian rhythm adapted to 24-hour day-night periodicity. Disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to the risks of numerous diseases, including cancers. Several epidemiological and clinical data reveal a connection between the disruption of circadian rhythms and cancer.

Novel tertiary diarylethylamines as functionally selective agonists of the kappa opioid receptor.

Novel kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists that preferentially activate G-protein signaling versus β-arrestin-2 recruitment are described. Starting from a literature-reported phenol-containing diphenethylamine KOR agonist, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed replacement of the phenol with various non-hydroxylated bicyclic heteroaromatics led to tertiary diarylethylamines which retained KOR agonist activity and improved metabolic stability in human liver microsomes. Further optimizations produced compound 39, a potent activator of G-protein signaling (GTPγS EC = 14 nM, 83 % E) that did not elicit a β-arrestin-2 recruitment functional response (E < 10 %).

The Full Range of Weight Status by Race and Ethnicity in Children with and without Autism: A Cross-sectional Study of US Children.

Objective: To identify and characterize how race and ethnicity influence the relationship between autism and weight status, across all categories of weight from underweight to severe obesity.

Study Design: We developed a propensity score-matched cross-sectional dataset of children with and without parent-reported autism in the National Survey of Children Health (NSCH, 2016-2022) and Adolescent Brain and Cognition Development Study (ABCD, 2016-2018). We included non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic children aged 6 to 17 years.

Mobilize the Troops! Military Involvement in the History of Testicular Cancer.

This review examines the historical evolution of testicular cancer (TCa) treatment, emphasizing the transformative impact of World War II. Prior to the war, cases of more than 50 testicular tumors were exceedingly rare. The mobilization of American troops, especially after the German Blitz, resulted in widespread military health screenings, leading to a surge in incidental TCa diagnoses during the 1940s.

Cytoplasmic expression of trans-active response DNA-binding protein-43 in aged mice display hippocampal sclerosis-like degeneration and neuronal loss with reduced lifespan.

Trans-active response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is the major pathological protein in motor neuron disease and TDP-43 pathology has been described in the brains of up to 50% of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-A), an age-related neuropathology characterized by severe neuronal loss and gliosis in CA1 and/or subiculum, is found in ∼80% of cases that are positive for phosphorylated TDP-43. HS-A is seen as a co-pathology in cases with AD, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC), and frontotemporal degeneration.

Characterizing the relationship between personality dimensions and psychosis-specific clinical characteristics.

Background: Past studies associating personality with psychosis have been limited by small nonclinical samples and a focus on general symptom burden. This study uses a large clinical sample to examine personality's relationship with psychosis-specific features and compare personality dimensions across clinically and neurobiologically defined categories of psychoses.

Methods: A total of 1352 participants with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar with psychosis, as well as 623 healthy controls (HC), drawn from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP-2) study, were included.

Effects of exercise and transient estradiol exposure in middle-aged female rats.

The benefits of estrogen treatment on cognition in middle-aged and older women are dependent on many factors, including the timing of treatment. Moreover, the potential interactive effects with other lifestyle factors, such as exercise, are poorly understood. In this study, we tested for lasting benefits of independent and combined treatment with estrogen and voluntary exercise initiated in midlife, using a rat model of menopause.

TiCT/Au NPs/PPy ternary heterostructure-based intra-capacitive self-powered sensor for DEHP detection.

Phthalate esters, particularly di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are widely used plasticizers found in various consumer products, posing significant environmental and health risks due to their endocrine-disrupting effects. In this study, a novel enzyme-free intra-capacitive biofuel cell self-powered sensor (ICBFC-SPS) was developed. The ICBFC-SPS integrated a ternary heterostructure-based capacitive anode and a cathode with a sensing interface into a single-chamber electrolytic cell.

The spatial landscape of cancer hallmarks reveals patterns of tumor ecological dynamics and drug sensitivity.

Tumors are complex ecosystems of interacting cell types. The concept of cancer hallmarks distills this complexity into underlying principles that govern tumor growth. Here, we explore the spatial distribution of cancer hallmarks across 63 primary untreated tumors from 10 cancer types using spatial transcriptomics.

Revolutionizing acute myeloid leukemia treatment: a systematic review of immune-based therapies.

The established protocol for the management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has traditionally involved the administration of induction chemotherapy, followed by consolidation chemotherapy, and subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplantation for eligible patients. However, the prognosis for individuals with relapsed and refractory AML remains unfavorable. In response to the necessity for more efficacious therapeutic modalities, targeted immunotherapy has emerged as a promising advancement in AML treatment.

A Comprehensive Atlas of AAV Tropism in the Mouse.

Gene therapy with Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) vectors requires knowledge of their tropism within the body. Here we analyze the tropism of ten naturally occurring AAV serotypes (AAV3B, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAVrh8, AAVrh10 and AAVrh74) following systemic delivery into male and female mice. A transgene expressing ZsGreen and Cre recombinase was used to identify transduction in a cell-dependent manner based on fluorescence.

Global metabolomic alterations associated with endocrine-disrupting chemicals among pregnant individuals and newborns.

Background: Gestational exposure to non-persistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. While many EDCs affect the endocrine system, their effects on endocrine-related metabolic pathways remain unclear. This study aims to explore the global metabolome changes associated with EDC biomarkers at delivery.

Encorafenib, cetuximab and chemotherapy in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Encorafenib + cetuximab (EC) is approved for previously treated BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) based on the BEACON phase 3 study. Historically, first-line treatment of BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC with chemotherapy regimens has had limited efficacy. The phase 3 BREAKWATER study investigated EC+mFOLFOX6 versus standard of care (SOC) in patients with previously untreated BRAF V600E mCRC.

Identification of the conditions and minimum requirements necessary for the release of autologous fresh CAR T-cell products under hospital exemption: a position paper from the WP-bioproduction of the UNITC consortium.

The accessibility of CAR-T cells in centralized production models faces significant challenges, primarily stemming from logistical complexities and prohibitive costs. However, European Regulation EC No. 1394/2007 introduced a pivotal provision known as the hospital exemption.

Subclinical depressive symptoms and job stress differentially impact memory in working and retired older adults.

Retirement has been associated with cognitive decline beyond normal age-related decline. However, there are many individual differences in retirement that can influence cognition. Subclinical depressive symptoms are common in late life and are associated with general memory decline and a bias towards remembering negative events (i.

Poor fixation stability does not account for motion perception deficits in amblyopia.

People with amblyopia show deficits in global motion perception, especially at slow speeds. These observers are also known to have unstable fixation when viewing stationary fixation targets, relative to healthy controls. It is possible that poor fixation stability during motion viewing interferes with the fidelity of the input to motion-sensitive neurons in visual cortex.

Multidimensional library for the improved identification of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).

As the occurrence of human diseases and conditions increase, questions continue to arise about their linkages to chemical exposure, especially for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Currently, many chemicals of concern have limited experimental information available for their use in analytical assessments. Here, we aim to increase this knowledge by providing the scientific community with multidimensional characteristics for 175 PFAS and their resulting 281 ion types.

The 40S ribosomal subunit recycling complex modulates mitochondrial dynamics and endoplasmic reticulum - mitochondria tethering at mitochondrial fission/fusion hotspots.

The 40S ribosomal subunit recycling pathway is an integral link in the cellular quality control network, occurring after translational errors have been corrected by the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) machinery. Despite our understanding of its role, the impact of translation quality control on cellular metabolism remains poorly understood. Here, we reveal a conserved role of the 40S ribosomal subunit recycling (USP10-G3BP1) complex in regulating mitochondrial dynamics and function.

Clinically Meaningful Upstaging and Upgrading in Favorable Intermediate-Risk Radical Prostatectomy Patients.

Introduction: In NCCN favorable intermediate-risk (FIR) prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP), we tested the effect of upstaging and upgrading on cancer-specific mortality (CSM).

Methods: Within the SEER database (2010-2021), upstaging (≥pT3a or pN1) and upgrading (ISUP ≥3) rates in FIR RP patients were tabulated. Kaplan-Meier (KM) plots and multivariable Cox-regression models (CRMs) were fitted.

The Role of Imaging in Pulmonary Vascular Disease: The Clinician's Perspective.

Pulmonary vascular diseases, particularly when accompanied by pulmonary hypertension, are complex disorders often requiring multimodal imaging for diagnosis and monitoring. Echocardiography is the primary screening tool for pulmonary hypertension, while cardiac MR imaging (CMR) is used for more detailed characterization and risk stratification in right ventricular failure. Chest computed tomography (CT) is used to detect vascular anomalies and parenchymal lung diseases.

Imaging of Acute Pulmonary Embolism: An Update.

Imaging is essential in the evaluation and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Advances in multi-energy CT including dual-energy CT and photon-counting CT have allowed faster scans with lower radiation dose and optimal quality. Artificial intelligence has a potential role in triaging potentially positive examinations and could serve as a second reader.