Intraoperative Anesthetic Care During Emergent/Urgent Craniotomy or Craniectomy for Intracranial Hypertension or Herniation: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify and describe best practice for the intraoperative anesthetic management of patients undergoing emergent/urgent decompressive craniotomy or craniectomy for any indication. The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles related to urgent/emergent craniotomy/craniectomy for intracranial hypertension or brain herniation. Only articles focusing on intraoperative anesthetic management were included; those investigating surgical or intensive care unit management were excluded.

Confined cell migration along extracellular matrix space in vivo.

Collective migration of cancer cells is often interpreted using concepts derived from the physics of active matter, but the experimental evidence is mostly restricted to observations made in vitro. Here, we study collective invasion of metastatic cancer cells injected into the mouse deep dermis using intravital multiphoton microscopy combined with a skin window technique and three-dimensional quantitative image analysis. We observe a multicellular but low-cohesive migration mode characterized by rotational patterns which self-organize into antiparallel persistent tracks with orientational nematic order.

Liquid-nano-liquid interface-oriented anisotropic encapsulation.

Emulsion interface engineering has been widely employed for the synthesis of nanomaterials with various morphologies. However, the instability of the liquid-liquid interface and uncertain interfacial interactions impose significant limitations on controllable fabrications. Here, we developed a liquid-nano-liquid interface-oriented anisotropic encapsulation strategy for fabricating asymmetric nanohybrids.

Population encoding of observed and actual somatosensations in the human posterior parietal cortex.

Cognition relies on transforming sensory inputs into a generalizable understanding of the world. Mirror neurons have been proposed to underlie this process, mapping visual representations of others' actions and sensations onto neurons that mediate our own, providing a conduit for understanding. However, this theory has limitations.

A lever hypothesis for Synaptotagmin-1 action in neurotransmitter release.

Neurotransmitter release is triggered in microseconds by Ca-binding to the Synaptotagmin-1 C-domains and by SNARE complexes that form four-helix bundles between synaptic vesicles and plasma membranes, but the coupling mechanism between Ca-sensing and membrane fusion is unknown. Release requires extension of SNARE helices into juxtamembrane linkers that precede transmembrane regions (linker zippering) and binding of the Synaptotagmin-1 CB domain to SNARE complexes through a "primary interface" comprising two regions (I and II). The Synaptotagmin-1 Ca-binding loops were believed to accelerate membrane fusion by inducing membrane curvature, perturbing lipid bilayers, or helping bridge the membranes, but SNARE complex binding through the primary interface orients the Ca-binding loops away from the fusion site, hindering these putative activities.

Life-threatening Lymphatic Malformation With Somatic Activating NRAS Mutation Successfully Treated With Trametinib: A Case Study.

Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) is a rare and aggressive subtype of complex lymphatic anomalies (CLA), characterized by abnormal lymphatic proliferation leading to distinct clinical manifestations. Despite the complexity of this condition, there is no established standard therapy, and treatment options such as sclerotherapy, laser therapy, and surgery remain variably effective and are limited to symptom management rather than curative. Sirolimus, an mTOR pathway inhibitor, has shown promise as a primary therapy, particularly in patients without a driver mutation.

Groundwater releases CO to diverse global coastal ecosystems.

Coastal ecosystems play a major role in marine carbon budgets, but substantial uncertainties remain in the sources and fluxes of coastal carbon dioxide (CO). Here, we assess when, where, and how submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) releases CO to shallow coastal ecosystems. Time-series observations of dissolved CO and radon (Rn, a natural groundwater tracer) across 40 coastal systems from 14 countries revealed large SGD-derived CO fluxes.

The punctuated evolution of the Venusian atmosphere from a transition in mantle convective style and volcanic outgassing.

A key question in the planetary sciences centers on the divergence between the sibling planets, Venus and Earth. Venus currently does not operate with plate tectonics, and its thick atmosphere has led to extreme greenhouse conditions. It is unknown if this state was set primordially or if Venus was once more Earth-like.

Morphogen-induced kinase condensates transduce Hh signal by allosterically activating Gli.

Hedgehog (Hh) morphogen governs embryonic development and tissue homeostasis through the Ci/Gli family transcription factors. Here we report that Hh induces phase separation of the fused (Fu)/Ulk family kinases to allosterically regulate Ci/Gli. We find that Hh-induced phosphorylation of Fu/Ulk3 promotes SUMOylation of their inverted phosphorylation-dependent SUMOylation motifs.

Molecular dynamics at immune synapse lipid rafts influence the cytolytic behavior of CAR T cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CART) targeting CD19 through CD28.ζ signaling induce rapid lysis of leukemic blasts, contrasting with persistent tumor control exhibited by 4-1BB.ζ-CART.

Differentiation of Related Events in Hippocampus Supports Memory Reinstatement in Development.

Adults are capable of either differentiating or integrating similar events in memory based on which representations are optimal for a given situation. Yet how children represent related memories remains unknown. Here, children (7-10 years old) and adults formed memories for separate yet overlapping events.

Obesity reshapes regulatory T cells in the visceral adipose tissue by disrupting cellular cholesterol homeostasis.

Regulatory T cells (T) accumulate in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to maintain systemic metabolic homeostasis but decline during obesity. Here, we explored the metabolic pathways controlling the homeostasis, composition, and function of VAT T under normal and high-fat diet feeding conditions. We found that cholesterol metabolism was specifically up-regulated in ST2 VAT T subsets.

Nonabstinence among US Adults in Recovery from an Alcohol or Other Drug Problem.

Objectives: Most US treatment and recovery services are abstinence-based. However, many people in recovery from an alcohol or other drug (AOD) use problem do not abstain completely. This study estimated the prevalence of and characteristics associated with nonabstinence among US adults in recovery.

Satisfaction, user experiences, and initial efficacy of a technology-supported self-management intervention (iSMART) to improve post-stroke functioning: a remoted randomized controlled trial.

Background: Self-management interventions empower individuals to manage their chronic conditions and daily life after stroke. However, traditional in-person self-management interventions often face transportation and geographical barriers. Digital interventions may offer a solution to address this gap.

Feasibility and Usage of a Virtual Assistant Device in Cognitively Impaired Homebound Older Adults.

Social technology in older adults can improve self-rated health; however, there can also be difficulties using it. Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptance of virtual assistant device (VAD) use in cognitively impaired homebound older adults. 52 newly referred Meals on Wheels clients aged 60 and older were recruited for a three-phase study: 6 weeks of meals alone (control), followed by 6 weeks of meals+Alexa Echo Show 8 (AES8) basic usage, and lastly 6 weeks of meals+AES8 advanced usage.

ERK activation dynamics in maturing oocyte controls embryonic nuclear divisions in Caenorhabditis elegans.

ERK activity oscillates between sustained activation during oocyte formation and transient inactivation during oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryogenesis. Consequences of ectopic ERK activity upon oocyte maturation and in early embryogenesis are unknown. We show, in Caenorhabditis elegans, that ectopic ERK activity upon oocyte maturation (metaphase I oocytes) results in embryos with abnormalities in nuclear divisions leading to embryonic death.

The adiponectin-PPARγ axis in hepatic stellate cells regulates liver fibrosis.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are key drivers of local fibrosis. Adiponectin, conventionally thought of as an adipokine, is also expressed in quiescent HSCs. However, the impact of its local expression on the progression of liver fibrosis remains unclear.

Phase 1 Trial of TTI-101, a First-in-Class Oral Inhibitor of STAT3 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.

Purpose: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that is essential for the survival and immune sequestration of cancer cells. We conducted a phase 1 study of TTI‑101, a first-in-class, selective small-molecule inhibitor of STAT3, in patients with advanced metastatic cancer.

Patients And Methods: Patients were treated with TTI-101 orally twice daily in 28-day cycles at 4 dose levels (DLs): 3.

Safety and Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain andN-Terminal Domain mRNA Vaccine.

Background: mRNA-1283 is an investigational COVID-19 mRNA vaccine encoding the receptor-binding and N-terminal domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in contrast to the original mRNA-1273, which encodes the full-length spike protein.

Methods: A phase 2a, dose-ranging, observer-blind, randomized study (NCT05137236) conducted in adults (≥18 years) previously vaccinated with mRNA-1273 evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a single dose of mRNA-1283 (2.5, 5, and 10 µg) and its bivalent formulation, mRNA-1283.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy with Roflumilast Cream 0.15% in Patients Aged ≥6 Years with Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase 3 Open-Label Extension Trial.

Safety and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.15% for atopic dermatitis (AD) were demonstrated in two 4-week phase 3 trials. Evaluate long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.

Heart failure outcomes captured by adverse event reporting in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Observations from the VERTIS CV trial.

Aims: In VERTIS CV, ertugliflozin was associated with a 30% risk reduction for adjudication-confirmed, first and total hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF) in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the impact of ertugliflozin on the broader spectrum of all reported heart failure (HF) events independent of adjudication confirmation.

Methods And Results: Data from participants who received ertugliflozin (5 or 15 mg) were pooled and compared versus placebo.

Frontal lobe intra-axial schwannoma harboring a CHD7::VGLL3 fusion and heterozygous TSC2 p.F1510del mutation in a young child.

Background: Brain intraparenchymal schwannoma is a rare clinical entity, generally curable with adequate resection.

Methods And Results: We describe a case in a male patient first presenting at 19 months of age, the youngest reported age for this lesion. It also appears to be the first case connected to a germline TSC2 p.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum: Mortality and Associated Outcomes.

Data on outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited in patients with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum (PAIVS). The objective of this study was to describe the use of ECMO and the associated outcomes in patients with PAIVS. We retrospectively reviewed neonates with PAIVS who received ECMO between 2009 and 2019 in 19 US hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Research for the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (CoRe-PCICS).