An Algorithmic Overview of Advanced Pain Therapies: A Narrative Review.

Purpose Of Review: Quickly referenceable, streamlined, algorithmic approaches for advanced pain management are lacking for patients, trainees, non-pain specialists, and interventional specialists. This manuscript aims to address this gap by proposing a comprehensive, evidence-based algorithm for managing neuropathic, nociceptive, and cancer-associated pain. Such an algorithm is crucial for pain medicine education, offering a structured approach for patient care refractory to conservative management.

Considerations for Perioperative Management Guidance Regarding GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: Evaluation of Current Practices and Future Directions.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become increasingly prevalent and have the potential to delay gastric emptying. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) released guidance regarding the perioperative management of patients receiving GLP-1 RAs, but it is unclear the extent to which hospitals in the U.S.

Ciliary Body Medulloepithelioma: Clinical and Pathologic Challenges with a Focus on Molecular Genetics.

Objective: Ciliary body medulloepithelioma (CBME), a pediatric intraocular tumor with potential for locally aggressive behavior and metastasis, may present with a diverse spectrum of clinical and histopathologic features leading to diagnostic and management challenges. Examination of unusual CBME cases highlights challenges and modern diagnostic techniques which facilitate accurate diagnosis and guide management.

Methods: A retrospective clinicopathologic analysis of 6 patients with unusual clinical or pathologic features of CBME was performed.

Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Version of the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ-NL).

In schema therapy early adaptive schemas (EASs) and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been found to be independent but related constructs. The Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) was developed and validated in English to measure EASs. The present study investigated psychometric properties of the Dutch translation in a representative sample of 650 non-clinical Dutch individuals.

Caught in the Crossfire: A Single Institution's 10-Year Experience with Pediatric Firearm Injury.

Introduction: Pediatric firearm-related injuries are now the leading cause of death among children in the United States. We sought to characterize the experience of a large free-standing children's hospital treating children with firearm injuries.

Methods: We reviewed all 2012-2022 gunshot wound encounters using the institutional trauma database of an urban Level 1 pediatric trauma center in Texas.

A Food Pantry Nutrition Education Program RCT: Food Choices and Diet-Quality.

Purpose: Food pantries have provided nutrition education to promote healthy food choices with mixed outcomes. This study assessed the impact of Guided Stars food quality rating system to promote healthy food choices among food pantry clients.

Design: Randomized parallel-group study with balanced randomization.

A TiCT MXene/alginic acid-derived mesoporous carbon nanocomposite as a potential electrode material for coin-cell asymmetric supercapacitors.

In this study, we demonstrate MXene (TiCT)-based coin-cell asymmetric supercapacitor (coin-cell ASC) exhibiting high energy density and high power density along with good capacitance. We synthesized mesoporous carbon (MC) by annealing alginic acid at varying temperatures (900 °C, 1000 °C and 1100 °C). Among the prepared samples, MC-1000 exhibited a highly porous structure and a higher surface area.

Distinct single cell transcriptional profile in CD4+ T-lymphocytes among obese children with asthma.

Obesity is a risk factor for asthma morbidity, associated with less responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids. CD4+ T-cells are central to the immunology of asthma and may contribute to the unique obese asthma phenotype. We sought to characterize the single cell CD4+ Transcriptional profile differences in obese children with asthma compared to normal weight children with asthma.

Frontline Voice: AO Spine Member Survey Regarding Spine Oncology Knowledge Generation and Translation Needs.

Study Design: cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: To evaluate AO Spine members' practices and comfort in managing metastatic and primary spine tumors, explore the use of decision-support and patient assessment tools, and identify knowledge gaps and future needs in spine oncology.

Methods: An online survey was distributed to AO Spine members to query comfort levels with key decisions in spinal oncology management, utilization of decision frameworks and spine oncology-specific instruments, and educational material preferences.

HIV service use among minoritized racial and ethnic transgender and gender non-conforming youth in the U.S South: a qualitative investigation.

Transgender youth are disproportionately affected by HIV, particularly minoritized youth in the US south. To understand HIV service use among transgender youth, we interviewed 25 young racial and ethnic minority clients of four southern community-based HIV service organizations (CBOs), and CBO staff ( = 12), about service access and use. Participants were assigned male at birth and identified as female ( = 8), transgender ( = 11) or gender-fluid or nonbinary ( = 6).

Passive dehydration reduces muscle thickness after resistance exercise.

Unlabelled: Dehydration-induced increased plasma osmolality (P) alters whole body fluid balance which could alter resistance exercise (RE) induced intramuscular (IM) fluid shift.

Purpose: The purpose of the current report was to investigate the effect of dehydration on RE-induced change in whole body fluid balance in resistance trained (RT) men.

Methods: Fourteen RT men performed two identical RE sessions, either in a hydrated (EUHY) or dehydrated (DEHY) state induced by a 24 hr fluid restriction.

Impact of molecular diagnostic techniques on the acute respiratory infection sentinel surveillance program, Antioquia, Colombia, 2022.

Objectives: Surveillance of acute respiratory infection (ARI) informs vaccination, preventive, and management decisions. In many countries, immunofluorescence is the cornerstone for ARI surveillance. We aimed to determine the effect of adding multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) to conventional surveillance in ARI.

Forest edge landscape context affects mosquito community composition and risk of pathogen emergence.

Forest edges, where humans, mosquitoes, and wildlife interact, may serve as a nexus for zoonotic arbovirus exchange. Although often treated as uniform interfaces, the landscape context of edge habitats can greatly impact ecological interactions. Here, we investigated how the landscape context of forest edges shapes mosquito community structure in an Amazon rainforest reserve near the city of Manaus, Brazil, using hand-nets to sample mosquitoes at three distinct forest edge types.

Transaxillary endovascular aortic aneurysm repair using a reverse mounted Gore Excluder endograft for a patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm and severe iliofemoral occlusive disease.

Adverse iliofemoral anatomy represents a unique challenge for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). This report describes a transaxillary EVAR in a patient with severe iliofemoral occlusive disease and an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. A reversely mounted Gore Excluder graft was advanced and deployed in the infrarenal aorta using the left axillary artery.

Indigenous Maya-Mam leadership competencies: a grounded theory study.

Introduction: This study explores the leadership competencies within the Indigenous Maya-Mam community, aiming to understand the specific skills and qualities exhibited by Maya-Mam leaders. The research seeks to address the gap in literature regarding Indigenous leadership practices, particularly focusing on how cultural values influence leadership behaviors.

Methods: Qualitative methods were employed for this study, including interviews and thematic analysis.

Cognitive dissonance as a reason for low perceived HIV risk among Black women.

Existing HIV-related literature affirms that Black women in the US have a low perceived risk of HIV. Yet, Black women consistently experience higher HIV incidence than other women. The ability of HIV risk perception to influence HIV prevention behaviors remains unclear.

A critical appraisal of advances in integrated CO capture and electrochemical conversion.

This perspective work examines the current advancements in integrated CO capture and electrochemical conversion technologies, comparing the emerging methods of (1) electrochemical reactive capture (eRCC) though amine- and (bi)carbonate-mediated processes and (2) direct (flue gas) adsorptive capture and conversion (ACC) with the conventional approach of sequential carbon capture and conversion (SCCC). We initially identified and discussed a range of cell-level technological bottlenecks inherent to eRCC and ACC including, but not limited to, mass transport limitations of reactive species, limitation of dimerization, impurity effects, inadequate generation of CO to sustain industrially relevant current densities, and catalyst instabilities with respect to some eRCC electrolytes, amongst others. We followed this with stepwise perspectives on whether these are considered intrinsic challenges of the technologies - otherwise recommendations were disclosed where appropriate.

Generative artificial intelligence in graduate medical education.

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is rapidly transforming various sectors, including healthcare and education. This paper explores the potential opportunities and risks of GenAI in graduate medical education (GME). We review the existing literature and provide commentary on how GenAI could impact GME, including five key areas of opportunity: electronic health record (EHR) workload reduction, clinical simulation, individualized education, research and analytics support, and clinical decision support.

Switch from eculizumab to satralizumab in aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a case series report.

Objectives: This case series describes adults with aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G-seropositive (AQP4-IgG+) neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) who switched treatment from eculizumab to satralizumab.

Methods: Case information for patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD who received satralizumab for ≥6 months was obtained from US healthcare providers from April 2022 to January 2024. Patient characteristics, examination findings, diagnostic test results, treatment response, and adverse events were recorded.

Detection of alteration in carotid artery volumetry using standard-of-care computed tomography surveillance scans following unilateral radiation therapy for early-stage tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma survivors: a cross-sectional internally-matched carotid isodose analysis.

Aim: This study leveraged standard-of-care CT scans of patients receiving unilateral radiotherapy (RT) for early tonsillar cancer to detect volumetric changes in the carotid arteries, and determine whether there is a dose-response relationship.

Methods: Disease-free cancer survivors (>3 months since therapy and age > 18 years) treated with intensity modulated RT for early (T1-2, N0-2b) tonsillar cancer with pre- and post-therapy contrast-enhanced CT scans available were included. Patients treated with definitive surgery, bilateral RT, or additional RT before the post-RT CT scan were excluded.

Dual Biologic Therapy Induces Remission in Refractory Crohn's Disease With Vedolizumab and Ustekinumab.

Background: Despite advancements in the therapeutic armamentarium for Crohn's disease (CD), biologic and small molecule monotherapies are associated with sub-optimal response and remission rates. Utilizing dual biologic therapy (DBT) holds the potential to increase efficacy in the treatment of refractory or partially responsive CD. Evidence pertaining to this strategy remains limited.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown benefits in improving cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) and may mitigate symptom progression in myocardial infarction (MI). However, their effectiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes and MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unclear.

Methods: To identify eligible studies, a comprehensive search of electronic databases, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Embase, was conducted from inception until May 2024.

Effects of Switching to Netarsudil/Latanoprost Fixed Dose Combination from Various Latanoprost Regimens: The Phase 4 MORE Study.

Purpose: To determine the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) of switching to a once-daily netarsudil/latanoprost fixed dose combination (FDC) from various topical treatment regimens including latanoprost monotherapy or latanoprost combined with other IOP-lowering agents for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Methods: A total of 136 participants enrolled. Eligible participants were aged ≥18 years and had a current diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of and .

We present a novel mitogenome assembly of the Redlip Shiner, , and assemblies for the Greenhead Shiner, (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Both are charismatic minnows in the taxonomic group and are endemic to the eastern United States. The genome contains 16,711bp and 16,706bp each comprising a total of 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and a control region.