- a large-scale dataset of 3D medical shapes for computer vision.

Objectives: The shape is commonly used to describe the objects. State-of-the-art algorithms in medical imaging are predominantly diverging from computer vision, where voxel grids, meshes, point clouds, and implicit surface models are used. This is seen from the growing popularity of ShapeNet (51,300 models) and Princeton ModelNet (127,915 models).

Myopia prevalence, refractive status and uncorrected myopia among primary and secondary school students in Germany.

Introduction: The increasing prevalence of myopia worldwide is problematic because myopia can result in severe secondary pathologies, and is associated with considerable financial burden. With plenty of prevalence data available for some regions, current data for Europe remain sparse. Yet, information on myopia prevalence and associations is essential for monitoring, preventive and interventive purposes.

Light-Activatable Ubiquitin for Studying Linkage-Specific Ubiquitin Chain Formation Kinetics.

Ubiquitination is a dynamic post-translational modification governing protein abundance, function, and localization in eukaryotes. The Ubiquitin protein is conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins, but can also repeatedly be ubiquitinated itself, giving rise to a complex code of ubiquitin chains with different linkage types. To enable studying the cellular dynamics of linkage-specific ubiquitination, light-activatable polyubiquitin chain formation is reported here.

Finding the needle in the haystack of isokinetic knee data: Random Forest modelling improves information about ACLR-related deficiencies.

The difficulties of rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, subsequent return-to-sport (RTS) let alone achieving pre-injury performance, are well known. Isokinetic testing is often used to assess strength capacities during that process. The aim of the present machine learning (ML) approach was to examine which isokinetic data differentiates athletes post ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and healthy controls.

Kynurenine pathway dysregulation as a mechanistic link between cognitive impairment and brain damage: Implications for multiple sclerosis.

Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting from inflammation-related brain damage and brain network dysfunction. Inflammation also causes dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway which is the primary route of tryptophan catabolism. Kynurenine pathway dysregulation is characterised by a shift in concentrations of tryptophan catabolites, also referred to as kynurenines.

Protein-free catalysis of DNA hydrolysis and self-integration by a ribozyme.

Group II introns are ancient self-splicing ribozymes and retrotransposons. Though long speculated to have originated before translation, their dependence on intron-encoded proteins for splicing and mobility has cast doubt on this hypothesis. While some group II introns are known to retain part of their catalytic repertoire in the absence of protein cofactors, protein-free complete reverse splicing of a group II intron into a DNA target has never been demonstrated.

PSMA-Targeting Imprinted Nanogels for Prostate Tumor Localization and Imaging.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells and tumor vasculature, making it an important biomarker. However, conventional PSMA-targeting agents like antibodies and small molecules have limitations. Antibodies exhibit instability and complex production, while small molecules show lower specificity and higher toxicity.

Associative learning via eyeblink conditioning differs by age from infancy to adulthood.

Associative learning is a key feature of adaptive behaviour and mental health, enabling individuals to adjust their actions in anticipation of future events. Comprehensive documentation of this essential component of human cognitive development throughout different developmental periods is needed. Here, we investigated age-related changes in associative learning in key developmental stages, including infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

LDAPrototype: a model selection algorithm to improve reliability of latent Dirichlet allocation.

Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is a popular method for analyzing large text corpora, but it suffers from instability due to its reliance on random initialization. This results in different outcomes for replicated runs, hindering reproducibility. To address this, we introduce LDAPrototype, a new approach for selecting the most representative LDA run from multiple replications on the same dataset.

Sportizumab - Multimodal progressive exercise over 10 weeks decreases Th17 frequency and CD49d expression on CD8 T cells in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) represents a neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the predominance of circulating T cell subsets with proinflammatory characteristics and increased central nervous system (CNS)-homing potential. Substantial evidence confirms various beneficial effects of chronic exercise interventions in MS, but it is unknown how long-term multi-modal intense exercise affects MS-associated lymphocytes that are commonly targeted by medication in persons with relapsing remitting MS (pwRRMS).

Methods: A total of 45 participants with defined RRMS were randomized to either the exercise (n = 22) or passive waitlist-control group (n = 23).

The functional role of the task-irrelevant stimulus feature in the congruency sequence effect.

Humans have to deal with conflicting information. This is studied in conflict tasks such as the Simon task or the flanker task. For example, participants respond with the left or right hand to the color of a stimulus (task-relevant stimulus feature) which is presented in a left or right position (irrelevant feature) in the Simon task or to a letter (relevant) which is flanked by same or different letters (irrelevant) in the flanker task.

Diffusion Coefficient Analysis by Dynamic Light Scattering Enables Determination of Critical Micelle Concentration.

The critical micelle concentration is an important property of supramolecular detergents. Two dynamic light scattering approaches have been developed for critical micelle concentration analysis, i. e.

Frequency-adjusted borders ordinal forest: A novel tree ensemble method for ordinal prediction.

Ordinal responses commonly occur in psychology, e.g., through school grades or rating scales.

Investigating interaction effects of social risk factors and exposure to air pollution on pediatric lymphoma cancer in Georgia, United States.

Childhood cancer constitutes a major cause of death in children. In a recent study of the Georgia Cancer Registry, joint exposures to environmental and social/behavioral stressors were associated with spatial clustering of lymphomas and reticuloendothelial neoplasms among the 159 counties in Georgia, USA. The present study aims to further investigate these associations on a more granular level.

Detecting Interactions in High-Dimensional Data Using Cross Leverage Scores.

We develop a variable selection method for interactions in regression models on large data in the context of genetics. The method is intended for investigating the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their interactions on health outcomes, which is a problem. We introduce cross leverage scores (CLSs) to detect interactions of variables while maintaining interpretability.

Dose distributions of proton therapy plans are robust against lowering the resolution of CTs combined with increasing noise.

Background: Treatment planning in radiation therapy (RT) is performed on image sets acquired with commercial x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanners. Considering an increased frequency of verification scans for adaptive RT and the advent of alternatives to x-ray CTs, there is a need to review the requirements for image sets used in RT planning.

Purpose: This study aims to derive the required image quality (IQ) for the computation of the dose distribution in proton therapy (PT) regarding spatial resolution and the combination of spatial resolution and noise.

Tailored charge-neutral self-assembled LZn container for taming oxalate.

Dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives play crucial roles in various biological processes, necessitating the development of effective receptors for their detection. In particular, the smallest dicarboxylate, oxalate, presents a significant importance due to its widespread presence in nature and its association with various diseases. Yet, very little attention was devoted to the recognition of oxalate with metal-driven self-assemblies like cages or containers while numerous classic organic receptors for oxalate exist.

Discovery and mechanism of K63-linkage-directed deubiquitinase activity in USP53.

Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) represent the largest class of human deubiquitinases (DUBs) and comprise its phylogenetically most distant members USP53 and USP54, which are annotated as catalytically inactive pseudoenzymes. Conspicuously, mutations within the USP domain of USP53 cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Here, we report the discovery that USP53 and USP54 are active DUBs with high specificity for K63-linked polyubiquitin.

Complemental hard modeling in Raman spectroscopy: A case study on titanium dioxide-free coating in-line monitoring.

Tablets are coated for taste or odor modification, for modified release profiles or as a protective layer to increase the stability. Here, titanium dioxide is frequently added as a coating component due to its opaque properties. Furthermore, its Raman activity makes it an integral part of in-line monitoring models.

Effect of Ni-Doping on the Optical, Structural, and Electrochemical Properties of Ag Nanoclusters.

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) can be compositionally controlled at the single-atom level, but understanding structure-property correlations is required for tailoring specific optical properties. Here, the impact of Ni atom doping on the optical, structural, and electrochemical properties of atomically precise 1,3-benzene dithiol (BDT) protected Ag NCs is studied. The Ni-doped Ag (NiAg(BDT)) NCs, are synthesized using a co-reduction method and characterized using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).