Effects of Four Sulfonate-Containing Additives and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose on the Properties of Electrolytic Copper Foils.

Ultrathin electrolytic copper foils with a thickness of 6 μm were prepared by a test machine using copper sulfate electrolyte with gelatin, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and sulfonic acid-containing organics as additives. The effects of four sulfonic acid-containing organic additives, sodium 3-mercaptopropanesulfonate (MPS), bis-(sodium sulfopropyl)-disulfide (SPS), sodium 3-[[(dimethylamino)thioxomethyl]thio]propanesulfonate (DPS), and sodium 3-((4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)thio)propane-1-sulfonate (TPS), on the physical property of copper foils were investigated. The results show that all these additives can effectively improve the gloss and tensile strength of electrolytic copper foil, and the texture coefficients of Cu(111) selectivity increase.

Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass ().

This research aimed to explore the impact of tea polyphenol (TP) supplementation on the development, antioxidant properties, immune responses, and gut wellness in largemouth bass (, LMB). Four diets with varying levels of TPs (0.00%, 0.

Non-Drug and Non-Invasive Therapeutic Options in Alzheimer's Disease.

Despite the massive efforts of modern medicine to stop the evolution of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it affects an increasing number of people, changing individual lives and imposing itself as a burden on families and the health systems. Considering that the vast majority of conventional drug therapies did not lead to the expected results, this review will discuss the newly developing therapies as an alternative in the effort to stop or slow AD. Focused Ultrasound (FUS) and its derived Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) are non-invasive therapeutic approaches.

Optimizing UroVysion Fluorescence Hybridization Reflex Testing in Atypical Urothelial Cell Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Cytomorphological Analysis.

Objective: Urinary cytology is a key diagnostic tool for evaluating suspected urinary tract carcinoma, primarily high-grade urothelial carcinoma. The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS), introduced in 2016, aimed to standardize reporting, though challenges with subjectivity and variability in diagnosing Atypical Urothelial Cells (AUCs) persist.

Methods: This retrospective study explored the correlation between cytomorphological features in "atypical" diagnosis and UroVysion fluorescence hybridization (U-FISH) results.

Proton minibeam (pMBRT) radiation therapy: experimental validation of Monte Carlo dose calculation in the RayStation TPS.

Proton minibeam radiation therapy (pMBRT) dose profile is characterized by highly heterogeneous dose in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction and rapidly changing depth dose profiles. Typically, dose measurements are benchmarked against in-house Monte Carlo simulation tools. It is essential to have a treatment planning system (TPS) that can accurately predict pMBRT doses in tissue and be available via commercial platform for preclinical and clinical use.

HMGB1 assists the predictive value of tumor PD-L1 expression for the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody in NSCLC.

Background: The expression of anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in tumors is widely used as a biomarker to predict the therapeutic efficacy of anti-programmed cell death-1(PD-1)/PD-L1 antibodies. However, the predictive accuracy of this method is limited. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is known to modulate cancer immunity.

Expression Analysis and Functional Validation of DcTPSb1 in Terpene Synthesis of .

Terpenes are critical components of the floral fragrance component in , synthesized by terpene synthase (TPS). Analysis of the genome and transcriptional data revealed that the gene was significantly up-regulated during flowering periods, showing a strong correlation with the accumulation of aromatic monoterpenes in the floral components of . Consequently, the gene was selected for further analysis.

Crystalline Covalent Triazine Frameworks and 2D Triazine Polymers: Synthesis and Applications.

ConspectusCovalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are a novel class of nitrogen-rich conjugated porous organic materials constructed by robust and functional triazine linkages, which possess unique structures and excellent physicochemical properties. They have demonstrated broad application prospects in gas/molecular adsorption and separation, catalysis, energy conversion and storage, etc. In particular, crystalline CTFs with well-defined periodic molecular network structures and regular pore channels can maximize the utilization of the features of CTFs and promote a deep understanding of the structure-property relationship.

Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis provides insights into the mechanisms of terpenoid biosynthesis in tea plants (Camellia sinensis).

Volatile terpenoids are major substances responsible for the floral and fruity scents of teas. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of terpenoid biosynthesis pathways in tea plants. 'Zhenfeng Yesheng tea' (ZFYS), a distinctive tea tree germplasm resource in Guizhou province, is known for its unique flavor characterized by a mellow taste and a floral aroma.

Prognostic and clinical heterogeneity of PD1 and PD-L1- immunohistochemical scores in endometrial cancers.

Introduction: PD1/PD-L1 inhibition (ICi) has recently become a new standard of care for patients with advanced MMR-deficient (MMRd) endometrial cancers. Nevertheless, response to immunotherapy is more complex than the presence of a single biomarker and therefore it remains challenging to predict patients response to ICi beyond MMRd tumors. Elevated PD-L1 expression (CPS ≥ 1) is often used as a prognostic marker as well as a predictive biomarker of response to ICi in different tumor types.

Heterogeneous head phantom for validating treatment planning system in boron neutron capture therapy.

In clinical boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), the distribution of dose to a heterogeneous medium that is predicted by a treatment planning system (TPS) should be experimentally validated. A head phantom specifically developed for this purpose is described and demonstrated herein. The cylindrical phantom exhibits distinct regions made from four materials (polymethyl methacrylate, calcium phosphate, air, and boric acid) to approximate a head structure with explicitly defined skin, skull, and brain tissue with a cavity and tumor within.

Identification of Dufulin photolysis and hydrolysis products in water using a C stable isotope assisted HPLC-HRMS strategy.

Dufulin is an efficient antiviral agent for plants, however, data on its environmental fate, particularly concerning its transformation products (TPs), remain scarce. The TPs formed during abiotic degradation may pose significant environmental risks due to potential toxicity. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the hydrolysis and photolysis kinetics of Dufulin in aqueous solutions across various pH conditions.

PD-L1 expression in PitNETs: Correlations with the 2022 WHO classification.

Introduction: and research question: Prognostic factors to predict the behavior of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are scarce. PD-L1 expression was associated with prognosis in other neuroendocrine neoplasms and we analyzed PD-L1 expression in PitNET, according to the 2022 WHO classification.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed.

Linear Accelerator (LINAC) Radiosurgical Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: An Experience From a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are complex vascular pathologies with a significant risk of hemorrhage. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment modality for AVM, initially popularized on the Gamma Knife (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) platform, and now benefits from the modern advances in linear accelerator (LINAC)-based platforms. This study evaluates the outcomes of LINAC-based SRS/hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hFSRT) for cerebral AVMs.

Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapy Combined with Anlotinib as FirstLine Treatment in Older NSCLC Patients with PD-L1 Expression<50.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) predominantly affects older adults; these patients have significant comorbidities, making them unsuitable for chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) along with anlotinib combination therapy as a first-line treatment in older NSCLC patients with programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) expression＜50%.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study including 73 patients with advanced NSCLC treated at Nanjing Brain Hospital.

Characterization and evaluation methods of fused deposition modeling and stereolithography additive manufacturing for clinical linear accelerator photon and electron radiotherapy applications.

Purpose: To propose comprehensive characterization methods of additive manufacturing (AM) materials for MV photon and MeV electron radiotherapy.

Methodology: This study investigated 15 AM materials using CT machines. Geometrical accuracy, tissue-equivalence, uniformity, and fabrication parameters were considered.

Validation of a Monte Carlo-based dose calculation engine including the 1.5 T magnetic field for independent dose-check in MRgRT.

Purpose: Adaptive MRgRT by 1.5 T MR-linac requires independent verification of the plan-of-the-day by the primary TPS (Monaco) (M). Here we validated a Monte Carlo-based dose-check including the magnetostatic field, SciMoCa (S).

Proton arc therapy plan optimization with energy layer pre-selection driven by organ at risk sparing and delivery time.

Objective: As proton arc therapy (PAT) approaches clinical implementation, optimizing treatment plans for this innovative delivery modality remains challenging, especially in addressing arc delivery time. Existing algorithms for minimizing delivery time are either optimal but computationally demanding or fast but at the expense of sacrificing many degrees of freedom. In this study, we introduce a flexible method for pre-selecting energy layers (EL) in PAT treatment planning before the actual robust spot weight optimization.

Relationship Between Short-Term Outcomes and PD-L1 Expression Based on Combined Positive Score and Tumor Proportion Score in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancers Treated With Anti-PD-1 Antibody Monotherapy.

Background: PD-L1 expression in tumors and immune cells is a biomarker for the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody (APA) therapy across diverse cancers. Based on the results from the KEYNOTE-048 trial, pembrolizumab monotherapy is indicated for platinum-sensitive recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M-HNSCC) with a positive combined positive score (CPS). Conversely, nivolumab is utilized for platinum-pretreated R/M-HNSCC regardless of the positive tumor proportion score (TPS) following the results of the CheckMate-141; however, its subgroup analysis indicated that TPS-positive population tended to have a relatively high overall response rate and progression-free survival (PFS).

Quantitative peripheral live single T-cell dynamic polyfunctionality profiling predicts lung cancer checkpoint immunotherapy treatment response and clinical outcomes.

Background: Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), e.g., programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportional score (TPS), remain limited in clinical applications.

Discrepancies in PD-L1 expression, lymphocyte infiltration, and tumor mutational burden in non-small cell lung cancer and matched brain metastases.

Background: Differences in the immune microenvironment and responses to immunotherapy may exist between primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BMs). This study aimed to investigate discrepancies in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) between matched BMs and primary tumors (PTs) in NSCLC.

Methods: Twenty-six pairs of surgically resected BMs and corresponding PTs from NSCLC patients were collected.

Therapeutic dose prediction using score-based diffusion model for pretreatment patient-specific quality assurance.

Objectives: Implementing pre-treatment patient-specific quality assurance (prePSQA) for cancer patients is a necessary but time-consuming task, imposing a significant workload on medical physicists. Currently, the prediction methods used for prePSQA fall under the category of supervised learning, limiting their generalization ability and resulting in poor performance on new data. In the context of this work, the limitation of traditional supervised models was broken by proposing a conditional generation method utilizing unsupervised diffusion model.

Behavioral and molecular neurotoxicity of thermally degraded polystyrene in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Microplastics are pervasive environmental contaminants found across diverse ecosystems, inducing toxic effects in a wide range of organisms. However, the neurotoxic effects of thermally degraded polystyrene (T-PS) and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly unexplored. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of T-PS (0.

FORCE platform overcomes barriers of oligonucleotide delivery to muscle and corrects myotonic dystrophy features in preclinical models.

Background: We developed the FORCE platform to overcome limitations of oligonucleotide delivery to muscle and enable their applicability to neuromuscular disorders. The platform consists of an antigen-binding fragment, highly specific for the human transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), conjugated to an oligonucleotide via a cleavable valine-citrulline linker. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by expanded CUG triplets in the DMPK RNA, which sequester splicing proteins in the nucleus, lead to spliceopathy, and drive disease progression.

Autoplanning in the setting of stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer.

Purpose: Automatic planning (AP) has been compared to manual planning (MP) in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to validate the former and to implement it in clinical practice.

Methods: A new developing Guided Planning System (GPS) engine was used to reoptimize 20 lung SBRT plans with the RayStation™ treatment planning system (TPS). The original manual plans were optimized to deliver 60 Gy in 5 or 8 fractions to the target with constraints on organs at risk (OARs) based on an internal protocol.