Structural modification of whey protein isolate via electrostatic complexation with Tremella polysaccharides and its effect on emulsion stability at pH 4.5.

Emulsions play an important role in food systems by encapsulating and delivering active compounds, but maintaining their stability under various conditions can be challenging. This study explored how the concentrations of Tremella polysaccharides (TPs) (0-0.75 %) affects the structural of whey protein isolate (WPI) and the stability of their emulsions at pH 4.

Additive Effects of Natural Plant Extracts/Essential Oils and Probiotics as an Antipathogenic Topical Skin Patch Solution for Acne and Eczema.

This work leverages the additive antipathogenic effects of natural extracts/essential oils (EOs) and probiotics for the treatment of acne vulgaris associated with () and eczema complicated by secondary infections with (). Six probiotic strains and various extracts/EOs were evaluated in a large screening to evaluate their potential against both pathogens. PCB003 was able to inhibit the growth of both pathogens.

Position Optimization of Bulky Tetraphenylsilane in Multiple Resonance Molecules for Highly Efficient Narrowband OLEDs.

Multiple resonance (MR)-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have garnered significant interest due to their narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and high electroluminescence efficiency. However, the planar structures and large singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔEs) characteristic of MR-TADF molecules pose challenges to achieving high-performance devices. Herein, two isomeric compounds, p-TPS-BN and m-TPS-BN, are synthesized differing in the connection modes between a bulky tetraphenylsilane (TPS) group and an MR core.

Prediction of Potential Risk for Ten Azole and Benzimidazole Fungicides with the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonistic Activity to Aquatic Ecosystems.

Azole and benzimidazole fungicides are widely used agrochemicals to prevent and treat fungal growth and are frequently detected in aquatic environments. Here, we aimed to assess the aquatic ecological risks of ten currently used azole and benzimidazole fungicides, which with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic activity, and their transformation products (TPs). We obtained over 400 types of aerobic TPs for ten fungicides.

Multimodal imaging of murine cerebrovascular dynamics induced by transcranial pulse stimulation.

Introduction: Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is increasingly being investigated as a promising potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the safety and preliminary clinical efficacy of TPS short pulses have been supported by neuropsychological scores in treated AD patients, its fundamental mechanisms are uncharted.

Methods: Herein, we used a multi-modal preclinical imaging platform combining real-time volumetric optoacoustic tomography, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and ex vivo immunofluorescence to comprehensively analyze structural and hemodynamic effects induced by TPS.

Nontarget Analysis and Characterization of a Group of Abundant Polyfluoroalkyl Substances─Fluorinated Benzoylurea Pesticides and Their Analogues and Transformation Products in Fish by LC-HRMS and Chemical Species-Specific Algorithms.

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large class of fluorinated chemicals used in various industrial and agrochemical products such as fluorinated benzoylurea (FBU) pesticides. Initiated from an incidental and preliminary finding of three high-abundance FBUs in fish, this study implemented nontarget analysis and characterization for FBUs together with their analogues and transformation products (TPs) in fish using liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and chemical species-specific algorithms. A total of 23 FBU-relevant compounds were found and tentatively/accurately elucidated with structures, including 18 PFASs and 5 non-PFAS compounds, of which 4 were original FBUs, 8 were FBU analogues, and 11 were FBU-TPs.

Human serum albumin-3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid conjugate inhibits amyloid-β aggregation and mitigates cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most commonly occurring brain disorder, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, subsequently leading to neurocognitive decline. 3-Amino-1-propanesulfonic acid (TPS) and its prodrug, currently under clinical trial III, serve as promising therapeutic agents targeting Aβ pathology by specifically preventing monomer-to-oligomer formation. Inspired by the potency of TPS prodrug, we hypothesized that conjugating TPS with human serum albumin (HSA) could enhance brain delivery and synergistically inhibit Aβ aggregation in mild to moderate AD.

Designing sustainable soil conditioners: Nanocomposite-based thermoplastic starch for enhanced soil health and crop performance.

The growing demand for sustainable solutions in agriculture, driven by global population growth and increasing soil degradation, has intensified the search for sustainable soil conditioners. This study investigated the impact of adding nanoclay (NC) and nano lignin (NL) to thermoplastic starch (TPS) on its physical, chemical, and thermal properties, its effectiveness as a soil conditioner, and its resistance to UV-C degradation. TPS nanocomposites were prepared with varying NC (3 %, 5 %, 7 %) and NL (0.

Quantitative Assessment of Delivered Dose in Carbon Ion Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy (C-SFRT) and Biological Response to C-SFRT.

Objective Applying carbon ion beams, which have high linear energy transfer and low scatter within the human body, to Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy (SFRT) could benefit the treatment of deep-seated or radioresistant tumors. This study aims to simulate the dose distributions of spatially fractionated beams (SFB) to accurately determine the delivered dose and model the cell survival rate following SFB irradiation. Approach Dose distributions of carbon ion beams are calculated using the Triple Gaussian Model.

Local control of S atoms on the Co-SACs for effective activation of PMS and degradation imidacloprid: Mechanism insights and toxicity evaluation.

Imidacloprid (IMI), as an emerging pollutant, is frequently detected in pesticide wastewater. Cobalt-based single-atom catalysts (Co-SACs) doped with sulfur atoms can serve as an efficient strategy to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and degrade organic pollutants. The paper employed density functional theory and computational toxicology to deeply explore the mechanism and ecotoxicity of IMI when S atoms were introduced into Co-SACs for PMS activation.

Effect of Patient Positioning on CT Number Accuracy: A Phantom Study Comparing Energy Integrating and Deep Silicon Photon Counting Detector CT.

Objective: Patient positioning during clinical practice can be challenging, and mispositioning leads to a change in CT number. CT number fluctuation was assessed in single-energy (SE) EID, dual-energy (DE) EID, and deep silicon photon-counting detector (PCD) CT over water-equivalent diameter (WED) with different mispositions.

Methods: A phantom containing five clinically relevant inserts (Mercury Phantom, Gammex) was scanned on a clinical EID CT and a deep silicon PCD CT prototype at vertical positions of 0, 4, 8, and 12 cm.

Institutional experience with implanted cardiac device risk level assessment: Comparing calculation and measurement.

Background: The use of in-vivo dosimetry is a long-standing but also labor-intensive component of risk-level assessment for patients with implanted devices. A calculation-only approach, using treatment planning system (TPS)-calculated doses along with imaging doses estimates when relevant, has the potential to streamline the physics workflow without negatively impacting patient safety.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using a calculation-only approach for risk level assessment for patients with implanted electronic medical devices.

Unravelling the Difference of Immune Microenvironment Characteristics between Esophageal Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Conventional Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objectives: Esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (basaloid ESCC) is an uncommon variant of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We characterized the tumor immune microenvironment features of basaloid ESCC, and compared them with conventional ESCC.

Methods And Results: One hundred and four basaloid ESCC patients and 55 conventional ESCC patients were included in Cohort 1.

Molecular and biochemical evolution of casbene-type diterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis in rice.

Casbene and neocembrene are casbene-type macrocyclic diterpenes; their derivatives play significant roles in plant defense and have pharmaceutical applications. We had previously characterized a casbene synthase, TERPENE SYNTHASE 28 (OsTPS28), in rice (Oryza sativa). However, the mechanism of neocembrene biosynthesis in rice remained unclear.

Singlet oxygen presenting a higher detoxification potential on enrofloxacin than sulfate and hydroxyl radicals.

With the aid of radical and non-radical reactive species (RS), advanced oxidation processes can efficiently degrade emerging organic contaminants including antibiotics but may generate toxic transformation products (TPs). However, the detoxification capacity of popular RS has not been well elucidated. This study compared the detoxification of enrofloxacin (ENR) with three RS-dominated systems: O, SO+OH, OH.

CT-P39 Compared With Reference Omalizumab in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Results From a Double-Blind, Randomized, Active-Controlled, Phase 3 Study.

Background: This study compared the therapeutic equivalence of CT-P39 (an omalizumab biosimilar) and EU-approved reference omalizumab (ref-OMA) in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized, active-controlled Phase 3 study (NCT04426890) included two 12-week treatment periods (TPs). In TP1, patients received CT-P39 300 mg, ref-OMA 300 mg, CT-P39 150 mg, or ref-OMA 150 mg.

Isomer-Effects of Aminophenol Decorated Gold Nanoclusters for HO Photoproduction via Two-Step One-Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Gold (Au) nanoclustersare promising photocatalysts for biomedicine, sensing, and environmental remediation. However, the short carrier lifetime, inherent instability, and unclear charge transfer mechanism hinder their application. Herein, the Au nanoclusters decorated with three different isomers of o-Aminophenol, m-Aminophenol, and p-Aminophenol are synthesized, namely o-Au, m-Au, and p-Au, which achieve efficient hydrogen peroxide (HO) photoproduction through two-step one-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).

Triptolide Causes Spermatogenic Disorders by Inducing Apoptosis in the Mitochondrial Pathway of Mouse Testicular Spermatocytes.

Triptolide (TP) is a diterpenoid compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It has antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects and stimulates immunity. However, its serious side effects, especially reproductive toxicity, limit its clinical application.

The Stress Response of Aphids to the Accumulation of Heavy Metals Along L. Under Cadmium Treatment.

Due to the intensification of human activities, the ecosystems are being polluted by heavy metals. The pollution of heavy metals in agricultural systems has become a serious issue of global concern. This study detected the bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd) in broad beans and aphids through continuous exposure to varying concentrations of Cd pollution (0, 3.

Parallel Bayesian Optimization of Thermophysical Properties of Low Thermal Conductivity Materials Using the Transient Plane Source Method in the Body-Fitted Coordinate.

The transient plane source (TPS) method heat transfer model was established. A body-fitted coordinate system is proposed to transform the unstructured grid structure to improve the speed of solving the heat transfer direct problem of the winding probe. A parallel Bayesian optimization algorithm based on a multi-objective hybrid strategy (MHS) is proposed based on an inverse problem.

A New Approach in PLS/TPS Compatibilization Using Garlic Oil: Effect on Morphological and Antioxidant Properties.

The packaging industry has made efforts to reduce food waste and improve the resilience of food systems worldwide. Active food packaging, which incorporates active agents, represents a dynamic area where industry and academia have developed new strategies to produce innovative and sustainable packaging solutions that are more compatible with conventional options. Due to health and environmental concerns, industries have sought alternatives to petroleum-based materials and have found biopolymers to be a viable option because of their biodegradable and safe nature.

Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy.

Quality assurance practices performed before treatment are believed to identify various potential errors. In this study, 2-dimensional (2D) dosimetric results were analyzed by making some intentional mistakes in six different treatment plans. In this way, the detectability of errors was investigated.

Pro-active risk analysis of an in-house developed deep learning based autoplanning tool for breast Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy.

Background And Purpose: With the increasing amount of in-house created deep learning models in radiotherapy, it is important to know how to minimise the risks associated with the local clinical implementation prior to clinical use. The goal of this study is to give an example of how to identify the risks and find mitigation strategies to reduce these risks in an implemented workflow containing a deep learning based planning tool for breast Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy.

Materials And Methods: The deep learning model ran on a private Google Cloud environment for adequate computational capacity and was integrated into a workflow that could be initiated within the clinical Treatment Planning System (TPS).