Nutritional support in children treated for advanced adrenocortical carcinoma.

Purpose: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive pediatric malignancy. Advanced ACC requires multimodal treatment, including surgery and systemic chemotherapy including cisplatin, etoposide, doxorubicin, and mitotane. This is associated with significant gastrointestinal toxicity, resulting in many patients being unable to complete scheduled therapy.

Classifying tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma histopathology using joint learning framework.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancer, with increasing global incidence and have poor prognosis. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are recognized as a key prognostic indicator and play a vital role in OSCC grading. However, current methods for TILs quantification are based on subjective visual assessments, leading to inter-observer variability and inconsistent diagnostic reproducibility.

The Incidence and Implication of Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Setting of Reinke's Edema.

Objective(s): To assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Reinke's edema patients. To evaluate and compare the disease severity of patients who are H. pylori positive with those who are H.

Advanced treatment of first flush roof runoff via a dry-wet polymorphic constructed wetland system: Performance and mechanistic insights.

Controlling runoff pollution is crucial to improving ecological environments in the context of urbanization and climate change. However, a significant research gap remains in the treatment and reuse of roof runoff, particularly during the first flush. To address this, a novel dry-wet polymorphic constructed wetland (DWP-CW) system was developed to purify first flush runoff efficiently and reliably.

Potent HIV‑1 protease inhibitors containing oxabicyclo octanol-derived P2-ligands: Design, synthesis, and X‑ray structural studies of inhibitor-HIV-1 protease complexes.

We describe here the design, synthesis, and X-ray structural studies of a new class of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanol-derived P2 ligands.

Magnetic field probe-based co-simulation method for irregular volume-type inductively coupled wireless MRI radiofrequency coils.

Background: Inductively coupled wireless coils are increasingly used in MRI due to their cost-effectiveness and simplicity, eliminating the need for expensive components like preamplifiers, baluns, coil plugs, and coil ID circuits. Existing tools for predicting component values and electromagnetic (EM) fields are primarily designed for cylindrical volume coils, making them inadequate for irregular volume-type wireless coils.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to introduce and validate a novel magnetic (H-) field probe-based co-simulation method to accurately predict capacitance values and EM fields for irregular volume-type wireless coils, thereby addressing the limitations of current prediction tools.

Who's at the Bottom of the Hiring List? Exploring the Compounding Effects of Applicant Race and Offense History on Employability.

Justice-involved persons, especially people of color and those convicted of a sexual offense, experience bias and other barriers when seeking employment. However, there is no research on the synergistic effects of race and sexual offense history on employment-related outcomes. This study examined whether a hypothetical job applicant's race (Black vs.

Plant nutrient concentrations inform white-tailed deer diet limitations.

Management of large herbivores often involves increasing availability of forages sufficient in nutrient density to allow animals to meet dietary demands. Nutritional carrying capacity (NCC) models commonly are used to compare plant communities and management strategies, but failure to use the most limiting nutrient could result in overestimating NCC. Moreover, the relationship between limiting nutrients often is not considered, which may influence the utility of NCC models based on a single nutrient, especially when herbivores must simultaneously meet multiple constraints.

National scale evaluation of nutrient purification capacity in marine sediments along the coast of South Korea: A mesocosm study based in situ assessment.

The ecosystem regulating services from tidal flats, such as removal of organic pollutants, provided by natural tidal flats are being increasingly recognized, yet quantitative evaluation remains limited. Here we evaluated a nationwide capacity of natural purification in tidal flats. Using in situ sediments from five along the Korean coast (Incheon, Gunsan, Sinan, Gwangyang, and Busan), we applied a mesocosm system informed by 18 years of riverine monitoring data from national surveys.

Elevating performance and interpretability of in silico classifiers for drug proarrhythmia risk evaluations using multi-biomarker approach with ranking algorithm.

Background And Objective: Using electrophysiological simulations and machine learning to predict drug proarrhythmia risk has gained popularity due to its effectiveness. The leading in silico drug assessment system mainly uses a single biomarker (qNet) to predict proarrhythmia risk, offering good performance and straightforward interpretation. Other advanced classifiers incorporating additional physiological biomarkers provide better predictive capabilities but are less intuitive.

Conceptualizing self-reported adverse childhood experiences: From epidemiologic exposure to psychometric latent variable.

In this paper, we apply a measurement science perspective to explore both the epidemiologic and psychometric frameworks for the conceptualization, operationalization and assessment of self-reported adverse childhood experiences (srACEs). The epidemiologic paradigm suggests that srACEs are 'exposures', while the psychometric paradigm views responses on srACEs instrumentation as 'indicators'. It is the central premise of this paper that srACEs cannot be both exposures and indicators of scales.

Polyelectrolyte nanofiltration membranes for base separation and recovery.

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have the potential to significantly advance resource recovery efforts where monovalent/divalent ion separation is critical, but their utilization is limited by inadequate stability under extreme conditions. "Base separation"-i.e.

A new insight on simultaneous water purification and greenhouse gas reduction by constructing sulfur-siderite driven autotrophic denitrification pathways in constructed wetlands.

Sulfur-siderite driven autotrophic denitrification (SSAD) has received increasing attention for nutrient removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). Nevertheless, its effectiveness in simultaneous water purification and greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction remains obscure. In this study, three vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), filled with quartz sand (CCW), sulfur (S-CW), and sulfur-siderite mixed substrates (SS-CW), were constructed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of SSAD on water purification enhancement and GHGs reduction.

True cancer stem cells exhibit relative degrees of dormancy and genomic stability.

Background: Cancer stem cells in human tumors have been defined by stem cell markers, embryonal signaling pathways and characteristic biology, ie., namely the ability to repopulate the proliferating population. However, even if these properties can be demonstrated within a tumor cell subpopulation, it does not mean that they are truly hierarchical stem cells because they could have been derived from the proliferating population in a reversible manner.

Precision Oncology: A Global Perspective on Implementation and Policy Development.

Despite the acknowledged merits of precision oncology (PO) and its increasing global implementation, its full potential for advancing care and prevention remains unrealized. The benefits are currently accessible to only limited patient segments because of multifaceted barriers. Successful implementation hinges on various factors-scientific complexities not limited to technical, clinical, regulatory, economic, administrative, and health care policy-related challenges.

A Pilot Trial of Nicotinamide Riboside and Coenzyme Q10 on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Mitochondria-driven oxidative/redox stress and inflammation play a major role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathophysiology. Compounds targeting mitochondrial metabolism may improve mitochondrial function, inflammation, and redox stress; however, there is limited evidence of their efficacy in CKD.

Methods: We conducted a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial comparing the effects of 1200 mg/day of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or 1000 mg/day of nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation to placebo in 25 people with moderate-to-severe CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60mL/min/1.

Supporting the Advancement of a National Agenda for Pediatric Healthcare Reform: A multi-year Evaluation of a Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities Program.

Objectives: To evaluate the implementation and sustainability of the effect of a 1-year Leadership in Education for Neurodevelopmental and related Disabilities (LEND) program in a southeastern state, and to examine its impact on advancing the Maternal Child Health Bureau's (MCHB) Blueprint for Change-a national agenda for pediatric healthcare reform.

Methods: This study applies the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework to rigorously evaluate LEND implementation and impact between 2018 and 2022. In-depth interviews (N = 24) were conducted among long-term (1-year) LEND trainees, via Zoom, in a southeastern state.

Folate and Vitamin B12 Status among Non-Pregnant, Non-Lactating Women of Reproductive Age and Predicted Risk for Neural Tube Defects, Morogoro Region, Tanzania.

Introduction: Population risk for neural tube defects (NTDs) can be determined using red blood cell (RBC) folate. However, a paucity of biomarker and surveillance data among non-lactating, non-pregnant women of reproductive age (NPWRA) from Africa limits accurate assessment. Our study assessed folate and vitamin B12 status among non-lactating NPWRA and predicted population risk of NTDs in Tanzania.

Incidental Findings on Computed Tomography in Children With Blunt Abdominal Trauma.

Study Objective: Nontraumatic, incidental findings on computed tomography (CT) may be discovered after blunt abdominal trauma in children; however, the rate and importance of these findings are not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of incidental CT findings among injured children undergoing abdominal/pelvic CT.

Methods: This was a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study of children (<18 years) who underwent abdominal/pelvic CT after blunt trauma.

Central or Peripheral Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pediatric Sepsis: Outcomes Comparison in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Dataset, 2000-2021.

Objectives: Small studies of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for children with refractory septic shock (RSS) suggest that high-flow (≥ 150 mL/kg/min) venoarterial ECMO and a central cannulation strategy may be associated with lower odds of mortality. We therefore aimed to examine a large, international dataset of venoarterial ECMO patients for pediatric sepsis to identify outcomes associated with flow and cannulation site.

Design: Retrospective analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) database from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2021.

In Silico Prediction of Maize microRNA as a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor: A New Approach to Treating Hyperuricemia Patients.

Introduction: Hyperuricemia is characterized by increased uric acid (UA) in the body. The ability to block xanthine oxidase (XO) is a useful way to check how different bioactive molecules affect hyperuricemia. Previous reports showed the significant effect of corn against hyperuricemia disorder with its anti-XO activity.

Reproductive and Hormonal Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Given the female predominance of thyroid cancer (TC), particularly in the reproductive age range, female sex hormones have been proposed as an aetiology; however, previous epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results. We conducted a pooled analysis using individual data from 9 prospective cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium, to explore the association between 10 female reproductive and hormonal factors and TC risk. Using Cox proportional hazards models, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and then pooled using a random-effects model.

The future of flourishing in veterinary medicine: a systems-informed positive psychology approach in veterinary education.

Individuals in the veterinary profession are experiencing significant mental health and wellbeing challenges. A holistic view of wellbeing, which encompasses both physical and mental health, underscores their interconnected nature. This integrated approach reduces the artificial separation of wellbeing facets, and highlights how mental states influence not only individuals, but also their interactions with animals, the environment, and others in the workplace.

Safety of tenecteplase vs. alteplase in telestroke: a large multistate experience (STAT).

Introduction: Prompt treatment with IV thrombolytics (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is critical for improved recovery and survival. Recently, hospital systems have switched to the IVT tenecteplase (TNK) instead of the FDA-approved alteplase (tPA) for treatment. Multiple studies and meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy and safety of TNK demonstrate similar or superior outcomes when compared to tPA.