Beyond Increasing Sample Sizes: Optimizing Effect Sizes in Neuroimaging Research on Individual Differences.

Linking neurobiology to relatively stable individual differences in cognition, emotion, motivation, and behavior can require large sample sizes to yield replicable results. Given the nature of between-person research, sample sizes at least in the hundreds are likely to be necessary in most neuroimaging studies of individual differences, regardless of whether they are investigating the whole brain or more focal hypotheses. However, the appropriate sample size depends on the expected effect size.

Perinatal Management of Hepatic Adenomas.

Importance: With a strong association between hepatic adenomas and estrogen established, understanding the risks, evaluation, and perinatal management of hepatic adenomas is necessary for obstetric clinicians.

Objective: The aim of this study is to review the preconception counseling, perinatal management, and postpartum care of hepatic adenomas.

Evidence Acquisition: A literature review identified relevant research, review articles, textbook chapters, databases, and societal guidelines.

Validating the Fluctuating Mental Status Evaluation in Neurocritically Ill Patients With Acute Stroke.

Objectives: Neurocritically ill patients are at high risk for developing delirium, which can worsen the long-term outcomes of this vulnerable population. However, existing delirium assessment tools do not account for neurologic deficits that often interfere with conventional testing and are therefore unreliable in neurocritically ill patients. We aimed to determine the accuracy and predictive validity of the Fluctuating Mental Status Evaluation (FMSE), a novel delirium screening tool developed specifically for neurocritically ill patients.

Heart failure outcomes captured by adverse event reporting in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Observations from the VERTIS CV trial.

Aims: In VERTIS CV, ertugliflozin was associated with a 30% risk reduction for adjudication-confirmed, first and total hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF) in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the impact of ertugliflozin on the broader spectrum of all reported heart failure (HF) events independent of adjudication confirmation.

Methods And Results: Data from participants who received ertugliflozin (5 or 15 mg) were pooled and compared versus placebo.

A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies: prevention strategies.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to assess the updated literature for the prevention of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies.

Methods: Electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) that investigated interventions to prevent salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia. Literature search began from the 2010 systematic review publications from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) up to February 2024.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum: Mortality and Associated Outcomes.

Data on outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited in patients with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum (PAIVS). The objective of this study was to describe the use of ECMO and the associated outcomes in patients with PAIVS. We retrospectively reviewed neonates with PAIVS who received ECMO between 2009 and 2019 in 19 US hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Research for the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (CoRe-PCICS).

Trigeminal neuralgia as a presentation of high cervical stenosis: a systematic review of the literature.

Purpose: An atypical presentation of cervical spondylopathy (CS), trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is attributable to the extension of trigeminal nuclei into the spinal cord and is frequently overlooked, leading to limited discussion with patients regarding potential anterior cervical surgery. Our systematic review assesses the effectiveness of cervical surgery for concurrent trigeminal neuralgia in cases of cervical spondylopathy.

Methods: A systematic review exploring cases of trigeminal neuralgia related to cervical spondylopathy was conducted searching on PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases for article in English.

Temporal Trends of Subsequent CNS Malignancies Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer.

Purpose: It is not known whether temporal changes in childhood cancer therapy have reduced risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) of the central nervous system (CNS), a frequently fatal late effect of cancer therapy.

Methods: Five-year survivors of primary childhood cancers diagnosed between 1970-1999 in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study with a subsequent CNS SMN were identified. Cumulative incidence rates and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were compared among survivors diagnosed between 1970-1979 (N = 6223), 1980-1989 (N = 9680), and 1990-1999 (N = 8999).

Rural-Urban Disparities in Mobile Health Application Ownership and Utilization Among Cancer Survivors.

Objective: Mobile health applications (mHealth apps) can provide health care and health-promoting information while contributing to improving cancer survivors' quality of life and health outcomes. However, little is known about the rural-urban distribution of mHealth app ownership and utilization. In this study, we explore the characteristics of cancer survivors who own and use mHealth apps and examine rural-urban disparities in mHealth app ownership and utilization among cancer survivors.

Novel Drug Delivery Particles Can Provide Dual Effects on Cancer "Theranostics" in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.

Boron (B) neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a novel non-invasive targeted cancer therapy based on the nuclear capture reaction B (n, alpha) Li that enables the death of cancer cells without damaging neighboring normal cells. However, the development of clinically approved boron drugs remains challenging. We have previously reported on self-forming nanoparticles for drug delivery consisting of a biodegradable polymer, namely, "AB-type" Lactosome nanoparticles (AB-Lac particles)- highly loaded with hydrophobic B compounds, namely -Carborane (Carb) or 1,2-dihexyl--Carborane (diC6-Carb), and the latter (diC6-Carb) especially showed the "molecular glue" effect.

Identifying Access Barriers to PrEP Among Cisgender Black/African American Women in the United States: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background/objectives: Cisgender Black women in the U.S. face disproportionately high HIV rates due to systemic inequities rooted in institutional racism, not individual behaviors.

Bidirectional Associations Between Alcohol Drinking and Depressive Symptoms Among US Adults Aged 50 to 75: The US Health and Retirement Study.

: Low or moderate alcohol drinking may reduce the risk of depression, but depression may induce alcohol drinking. However, the bidirectional associations between alcohol drinking and depression were inconsistent, and many prior analyses were not properly conducted. This study explored the within-individual bidirectional associations between alcohol drinking and depressive symptoms under a causal analytic framework.

Multiple Gas-Containing Renal Stones: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Emphysematous urinary tract infections are rare and serious conditions that are often multifactorial in etiology and may be associated with the presence of renal stones. Diagnosis can be made by finding gas within the renal collecting system or parenchyma. However, the radiographic finding of gas within a renal stone is rare and little has been published to describe the significance of this finding, its promoting factors, and management.

Effect of Divalent Cations on Polarity and Hydration at the Lipid/Water Interface Probed by 4-Aminophthalimide-Based Dyes.

The ion binding to the lipid/water interface can substantially influence the structural, functional, and dynamic properties of the cell membrane. Despite extensive research on ion-lipid interactions, the specific effects of ion binding on the polarity and hydration at the lipid/water interface remain poorly understood. This study explores the influence of three biologically relevant divalent cations─Mg, Ca, and Zn─on the depth-dependent interfacial polarity and hydration of zwitterionic DPPC lipid in its gel phase at room temperature.

Imaging Bias-Driven Domain Wall Motion With Scanning Oscillator Piezoresponse Force Microscopy.

Understanding ferroelectric domain wall dynamics at the nanoscale across a broad range of timescales requires measuring domain wall position under different applied electric fields. The success of piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) as a tool to apply local electric fields at different positions and imaging their changing position, together with the information obtained from associated switching spectroscopies has fueled numerous studies of the dynamics of ferroelectric domains to determine the impact of intrinsic parameters such as crystalline order, defects and pinning centers, as well as boundary conditions such as environment. However, the investigation of sub-coercive reversible domain wall vibrational modes requires the development of new tools that enable visualizing domain wall motion under varying applied fields with high temporal and spatial resolution while also accounting for spurious electrostatic effects.

Intramedullary Nail Failure in a Subtrochanteric Fracture in a 62-Year-Old Woman.

Subtrochanteric fractures in older patients are typically due to low-energy falls. The standard of care is intramedullary nailing. The Smith & Nephew Trigen Intertan (Memphis, TN, US) is an intramedullary nail with a novel design that incorporates two integrated compression screws.

Expert advice from ResearchMatch volunteers: Recruitment Innovation Center use cases and innovation.

Involving participants in the design of clinical trials should improve the overall success of a study. For this to occur, streamlined mechanisms are needed to connect the populations potentially impacted by a given study or health topic with research teams in order to inform trial design in a meaningful and timely manner. To address this need, we developed an innovative mechanism called the "ResearchMatch Expert Advice Tool" that quickly obtains volunteer perspectives from populations with specific health conditions or lived experiences using the national recruitment registry, ResearchMatch.

Responses of fungal communities at different soil depths to grazing intensity in a desert steppe.

Grazing can alter the physicochemical properties of soil and quickly influence the composition of microbial communities. However, the effects of grazing intensity on fungal community composition in different soil depth remain unclear. On the Inner Mongolia Plateau, we studied the effects of grazing intensity treatments including no grazing (NG), light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG), and over grazing (OG) on the physicochemical properties and fungal community composition of surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) soil layers.

Development of a Novel Intraperitoneal Icodextrin/Dextrose Solution for Enhanced Sodium Removal.

Rationale & Objective: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions provide both clearance of uremic toxins and sodium and water. An intraperitoneal (IP) solution of icodextrin and glucose designed without the requirement for uremic toxin clearance could provide substantially greater sodium and water removal than PD solutions.

Study Design: We examined varying concentrations of icodextrin and dextrose IP solutions in rats.

Evaluating the Biomechanical Effects and Real-World Usability of a Novel Ankle Exo for Runners.

Achilles tendon overuse injuries are common for long-distance runners. Ankle exos (exoskeletons and exosuits) are wearable devices that can reduce Achilles tendon loading and could potentially aid in the rehabilitation or prevention of these injuries by helping to mitigate and control tissue loading. However, most ankle exos are confined to controlled lab testing and are not practical to use in real-world running.

Inflammation alters the expression and activity of the mechanosensitive ion channels in periodontal ligament cells.

Background: Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) possess mechanotransduction capability, vital in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and maintaining periodontal homeostasis. The study aims to elucidate the expression profiles of mechanosensitive ion channel (MIC) families in PDLCs and how the inflammatory mediator alters their expression and function, advancing the understanding of the biological process of OTM.

Methods And Methods: Human PDLCs were cultured and exposed to TNF-α.

Chronic cigarette smoke exposure masks pathological features of Helicobacter pylori infection while promoting tumor initiation.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chronic infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the most prominent gastric cancer risk factor, but only 1-3% of infected individuals will develop gastric cancer. Cigarette smoking is another independent gastric cancer risk factor, and H.

Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors.

A case of cutaneous melanoma metastatic to the ciliary body and choroid with complete regression via systemic dual checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Background: Cutaneous melanoma is the leading cause of death from cutaneous malignancy and tends to metastasize lymphatically and hematogenously to the lung, liver, brain, and bone; it is a rare source of metastatic disease to the eye. Herein we provide a case report of cutaneous melanoma metastatic to the ciliary body and choroid involving clinical examination, slit lamp photography, and B-scan ultrasonography.

Result: A 55-year-old female with known metastatic cutaneous melanoma presented with pain, a large ciliochoroidal mass, visual decline, and diffuse intraocular inflammation.

A sweeping view of avian mycoplasmas biology drawn from comparative genomic analyses.

Background: Avian mycoplasmas are small bacteria associated with several pathogenic conditions in many wild and poultry bird species. Extensive genomic data are available for many avian mycoplasmas, yet no comparative studies focusing on this group of mycoplasmas have been undertaken so far.

Results: Here, based on the comparison of forty avian mycoplasma genomes belonging to ten different species, we provide insightful information on the phylogeny, pan/core genome, energetic metabolism, and virulence of these avian pathogens.