Characterization of a nontoxic pyomelanin pigment produced by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica.

In this study, we report on the ability of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica W29 to produce an extracellular melanin-like brown pigment at high yield (0.5 mg/ml) in culture medium supplemented with L-tyrosine. This pigment has been characterized as pyomelanin and its synthesis was found to occur by the so-called HGA-melanin pathway.

Nonribosomal peptides in fungal cell factories: from genome mining to optimized heterologous production.

Fungi are notoriously prolific producers of secondary metabolites including nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). The structural complexity of NRPs grants them interesting activities such as antibiotic, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The discovery of these compounds with attractive activities can be achieved by using two approaches: either by screening samples originating from various environments for their biological activities, or by identifying the related clusters in genomic sequences thanks to bioinformatics tools.

Rapid Visualization of Chemically Related Compounds Using Kendrick Mass Defect As a Filter in Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analysis is widely used for helping the detection and identification of chemically related compounds based on exact mass measurements. We report here the use of KMD as a criterion for filtering complex mass spectrometry data set. The method allow automated, easy and efficient data processing, enabling the reconstruction of 2D distributions of families of homologous compounds from MSI images.

Molecular strategies for adapting Bacillus subtilis 168 biosurfactant production to biofilm cultivation mode.

Biofilm bioreactors have already been proven to be efficient systems for microbial lipopeptide production since they avoid foam formation. However, the cell adhesion capacities of the laboratory strain B.subtilis 168 to the biofilm bioreactor support are limited.

Organic Wastes as Feedstocks for Non-Conventional Yeast-Based Bioprocesses.

Non-conventional yeasts are efficient cell factories for the synthesis of value-added compounds such as recombinant proteins, intracellular metabolites, and/or metabolic by-products. Most bioprocess, however, are still designed to use pure, ideal sugars, especially glucose. In the quest for the development of more sustainable processes amid concerns over the future availability of resources for the ever-growing global population, the utilization of organic wastes or industrial by-products as feedstocks to support cell growth is a crucial approach.

Thermophysical Fingerprinting of Probiotic-Based Products.

Variability in efficacy and safety is a worldwide concern with commercial probiotics for their growing and inevitable use in food and health sectors. Here, we introduce a probiotic thermophysical fingerprinting methodology using a coupling thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Qualitative and quantitative information on the material decomposition and transition phases is provided under heating conditions.

Astin C Production by the Endophytic Fungus Cyanodermella asteris in Planktonic and Immobilized Culture Conditions.

The fungal endophyte Cyanodermella asteris (C. asteris) has been recently isolated from the medicinal plant Aster tataricus (A. tataricus).

Additional considerations to the use of single-step genomic predictions in a dominance setting.

Recent publications indicate that single-step models are suitable to estimate breeding values, dominance deviations and total genetic values with acceptable quality. Additive single-step methods implicitly extend known number of allele information from genotyped to non-genotyped animals. This theory is well derived in an additive setting.

Seed and pollen dispersal distances in two African legume timber trees and their reproductive potential under selective logging.

The natural regeneration of tree species depends on seed and pollen dispersal. To assess whether limited dispersal could be critical for the sustainability of selective logging practices, we performed parentage analyses in two Central African legume canopy species displaying contrasted floral and fruit traits: Distemonanthus benthamianus and Erythrophleum suaveolens. We also developed new tools linking forward dispersal kernels with backward migration rates to better characterize long-distance dispersal.

Evaluating nursery pig responses to in-feed sub-therapeutic antibiotics.

Antibiotics have been used for over 60 years by the swine industry to improve growth performance and feed efficiency. With rising concerns over antimicrobial resistance and government restrictions such as the Veterinary Feed Directive on usage of in-feed antibiotics, alternatives to feeding antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) to nursery pigs are needed. However, the mechanism of action by which AGPs work is poorly understood.

Expression of recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein provides insight into foreign gene-expression differences between Mut+ and MutS strains of Pichia pastoris.

Pichia pastoris is a very popular yeast for recombinant protein production, mainly due to the strong, methanol-inducible P promoter. Methanol induction however poses several drawbacks. One approach to improve processes is to use MutS strains with reduced methanol catabolic ability.

Physico-chemical approach for characterizing probiotics at the solid and dispersed states.

A physico-chemical approach was used for characterizing and generating fingerprints of single (L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus) and multiple (Vivomixx) probiotic species.

Bioreactor-Scale Strategies for the Production of Recombinant Protein in the Yeast .

Recombinant protein production represents a multibillion-dollar market. Therefore, it constitutes an important research field both in academia and industry. The use of yeast as a cell factory presents several advantages such as ease of genetic manipulation, growth at high cell density, and the possibility of post-translational modifications.

Downregulation by organic nitrogen of AOX1 promoter used for controlled expression of foreign genes in the yeast Pichia pastoris.

Pichia pastoris is a well-established cell factory for recombinant protein synthesis. Various optimization strategies of processes based on AOX1 promoter have been investigated, including methanol co-feeding with glycerol or sorbitol during the induction stage. Compared with carbon sources, comparatively little research has been devoted to the effects of nitrogen sources.

Revealing the regional distribution of soybean lunasin content in China and the effects of climate factors by sampling extensively.

Background: Lunasin is a novel therapeutic peptide that was initially isolated from soybean. In this study, we quantified the variations in lunasin content in a total of 413 soybean samples that were collected from four major regions in China and harvested in 2014 and 2015 to reveal the regional distribution of soybean lunasin content in China and the effects of climate factors.

Results: The results showed that the cultivar Changmidou 30 collected from Jilin province and harvested in 2015 had the highest lunasin content (3.

Bio-emulsifying and biodegradation activities of syringafactin producing Pseudomonas spp. strains isolated from oil contaminated soils.

Pseudomonas strains isolated from oil contaminated soils were screened for biosurfactant production. Three out of eleven Pseudomonas isolates were selected for their high emulsifying activity (E24 value on n-hexadecane ~ 78%). These isolates (E39, E311 and E313) were identified as members of the P.

Expression of Bioactive Lunasin Peptide in Transgenic Rice Grains for the Application in Functional Food.

Lunasin, a bioactive peptide initially isolated from soybean, has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Due its great application value, lunasin seems to be a candidate gene in improving the nutritional value of crops. In this study, lunasin was inserted into the rice genome to evaluate whether it was feasible to express lunasin using the rice expression system and improve the bioactivity of protein in rice for our needs.

Identification, characterization of two NADPH-dependent erythrose reductases in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and improvement of erythritol productivity using metabolic engineering.

Background: Erythritol is a four-carbon sugar alcohol with sweetening properties that is used by the agro-food industry as a food additive. In the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, the last step of erythritol synthesis involves the reduction of erythrose by specific erythrose reductase(s). In the earlier report, an erythrose reductase gene (YALI0F18590g) from erythritol-producing yeast Y.

A novel osmotic pressure strategy to improve erythritol production by Yarrowia lipolytica from glycerol.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is polymer that was used to replace NaCl (reference media) as an osmotic stress agent for the synthesis of erythritol by the osmophilic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. Two strains, the wild-type strain IMUFRJ 50682 and the lab strain W29, were grown in the presence of PEG of different molecular weights. For strain IMUFRJ 50682, the erythritol titer was increased by 40% in the presence of PEG2000 as compared to the reference media (with NaCl).

Morphological differences between aerial and submerged sporidia of bio-fongicide Pseudozyma flocculosa CBS 16788.

Pseudozyma flocculosa is a fungus very useful and highly efficient as a biocontrol agent against powdery mildew. The reproduction of this fungus occurs exclusively by asexual production of conidia or sporidia that are the most suitable form for agricultural use and seems to be the most resistant to storage conditions. Despite the advantages offered by P.

Messenger RNA Sequencing and Pathway Analysis Provide Novel Insights Into the Susceptibility to Infection in Chickens.

(SE) is a foodborne pathogen that negatively affects both animal and human health. Controlling poultry SE infection will have great practical significance for human public health, as poultry are considered to be important sources and carriers of the disease. In this study, the splenic transcriptomes of challenged-susceptible (S), challenged-resistant (R) and non-challenged (C) chicks (3-days old, specific-pathogen-free White Leghorn) were characterized in order to identify the immune-related gene markers and pathways.

Identification and characterization of EYD1, encoding an erythritol dehydrogenase in Yarrowia lipolytica and its application to bioconvert erythritol into erythrulose.

In this study, gene YALI0F01650g has been isolated and characterized. Several experimental evidences suggest that the identified gene, renamed EYD1, encodes an erythritol dehydrogenase. An efficient bioreactor process for the bioconversion of erythritol into erythrulose was also developed.

Synergistic Effect of Bioactive Anticarcinogens from Soybean on Anti-Proliferative Activity in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro.

Consumption of soybean products has been implicated in the prevention of breast cancer. This study provides insights into the anti-proliferative activity of 12 anticarcinogens from soybean by single or two-way combination treatment against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Results showed that genistein, daidzein, glycitein, genistin and dainzin showed stronger anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with EC values of 66.

Lipopeptide biodiversity in antifungal Bacillus strains isolated from Algeria.

Several Bacillus strains have been well studied for their ability to control soil-borne plant diseases. This property is linked to the production of several families of lipopeptides. Depending of their structure, these compounds show antifungal and/or plant systemic resistance inducing activities.