Subversion from Within and Without: Effector Molecule Transfer from Obligate Intracellular Apicomplexan Parasites to Human Host Cells.

Intracellular protozoan pathogens have to negotiate the internal environment of the host cell they find themselves in, as well as manipulate the host cell to ensure their own survival, replication, and dissemination. The transfer of key effector molecules from the pathogen to the host cell is crucial to this interaction and is technically more demanding to study as compared to an extracellular pathogen. While several effector molecules have been identified, the mechanisms and conditions underlying their transfer to the host cell remain partly or entirely unknown.

Effectiveness of NGOs in mountainous solid waste management: A case study from Healing Himalayas in Rakchham, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a critical role in addressing solid waste management (SWM) challenges in remote mountain communities, including the ecologically fragile Himalayan region. This study evaluates the impact of Healing Himalayas, an NGO, in Rakchham village, Himachal Pradesh, India. The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of Healing Himalayas' decentralized SWM model in promoting stakeholder engagement and resource recovery, assess the role of collaborations between local authorities and the NGO in financing waste management practices, investigate the influence of tourism and seasonal variations on solid waste generation patterns and waste management practices in Rakchham, and material recovery facilities, followed by glass (36.

Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain 3: A potential enzyme for proteolytic processing of histone acetyltransferase PfGCN5.

In spite of 150 years of studying malaria, the unique features of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium, still perplex researchers. One of the methods by which the parasite manages its gene expression is epigenetic regulation, the champion of which is PfGCN5, an essential enzyme responsible for acetylating histone proteins. PfGCN5 is a ∼170 kDa chromatin-remodeling enzyme that harbors the conserved bromodomain and acetyltransferase domain situated in its C-terminus domain.

Identification of Major Threats of Climate Change, Hazards, and Anthropogenic Activities on Biodiversity Conservation in the Buxa Tiger Reserve, India.

The Himalayan forests are facing a range of threats, which are making conservation efforts challenging. Using a mixed-method approach, this study investigated the threats to biodiversity conservation in Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR), a fragile ecosystem in the Eastern Himalayan foothills. The study found that between 1990 and 2021, BTR experienced rising summer temperatures and decreasing annual precipitation, contributing to forest dryness, water scarcity, and forest fires.

Investigating a hybrid extreme learning machine coupled with Dingo Optimization Algorithm for modeling liquefaction triggering in sand-silt mixtures.

Liquefaction is a devastating consequence of earthquakes that occurs in loose, saturated soil deposits, resulting in catastrophic ground failure. Accurate prediction of such geotechnical parameter is crucial for mitigating hazards, assessing risks, and advancing geotechnical engineering. This study introduces a novel predictive model that combines Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with Dingo Optimization Algorithm (DOA) to estimate strain energy-based liquefaction resistance.

analysis and characterization of potential inhibitors of MmaA3, a methoxy mycolic acid synthase from .

The emergence of the multi-and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR) strains of necessitates paradigm-shifting therapeutic approaches. The impermeable waxy lipid layer, primarily composed of mycolic acids, is a key factor in conferring resistance to conventional drugs. This study introduces a novel strategy to combat drug resistance by targeting Methoxy mycolic acid synthase 3 (MmaA3), a critical enzyme in the mycolic acid biosynthesis pathway.

Game-theoretic optimization of landslide susceptibility mapping: a comparative study between Bayesian-optimized basic neural network and new generation neural network models.

Landslide susceptibility mapping is essential for reducing the risk of landslides and ensuring the safety of people and infrastructure in landslide-prone areas. However, little research has been done on the development of well-optimized Elman neural networks (ENN), deep neural networks (DNN), and artificial neural networks (ANN) for robust landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). Additionally, there is a research gap regarding the use of Bayesian optimization and the derivation of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values from optimized models.

Severe disease during both primary and secondary dengue virus infections in pediatric populations.

Dengue is a global epidemic causing over 100 million cases annually. The clinical symptoms range from mild fever to severe hemorrhage and shock, including some fatalities. The current paradigm is that these severe dengue cases occur mostly during secondary infections due to antibody-dependent enhancement after infection with a different dengue virus serotype.

Identification of Playa Lakes and tracking their evolution pathways using geochemical models in the Great Indian Thar desert.

Playa Lakes of the great Indian Thar desert are unique and intricate systems with pronounced scientific and ecological significance. In this study, the combined use of geospatial and field data assisted in depicting and understanding the changes within these natural systems. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive dataset of Playa Lakes, which can help with an overall understanding of playas from a geochemical, ecological, and economic perspective.

regulates multiple aspects of stamen and carpel development and requires dissection and delimitation of differential downstream regulatory network for manipulating fertility traits.

Unlabelled: Unravelling genetic networks regulating developmental programs are key to devising and implementing genomics assisted trait modification strategies. It is crucial to understand the role of small RNAs, and the basis of their ability to modify traits. MIR159 has been previously reported to cause defects in anther development in ; however, the complete spectrum and basis of the defects remained unclear.

Trends in age of tobacco use initiation over time in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan: analysis of cross-sectional nationally representative surveys.

Objective: Tobacco use begins at an early age and typically leads to a long-term addiction. The age of initiation for tobacco use is not well studied in South Asia, where 22% of tobacco smokers and 81% of smokeless tobacco (SLT) users reside.

Methods: Data from the nationally representative Global Adult Tobacco Surveys in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan were analysed to examine patterns of initiation among smokers and smokeless tobacco users.

Molecular analysis of dUTPase of for identification of novel inhibitors using studies.

The human gastric pathogen chronically affects the gastric mucosal layer of approximately half of world's population. The emergence of resistant strains urges the need for identification of novel and selective drug against new molecular targets. A ubiquitous enzyme, Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), is considered as first line of defense against uracil mis-incorporation into DNA, and essential for genome integrity.

In silico identification and analysis of potential inhibitors for acid phosphatase, HppA from Helicobacter pylori.

Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of gastric ulcers and is associated with gastric cancer. The enzyme HppA of class C nonspecific acid phosphohydrolases (NSAPs) of H. pylori plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain.

A review of plastic waste circular actions in seven developing countries to achieve sustainable development goals.

Plastic waste circularity is a priority at a global level. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) set the ways to go, and the circular economy principles underlined the 'green' strategies to be employed. However, in practice, there is still much to do, especially in developing countries, where open burning and open dumping still represent the common way of plastic waste disposal.

GWAS for Early-Establishment QTLs and Their Linkage to Major Phenology-Affecting Genes (, and ) in Bread Wheat.

Farmers in northern and central Indian regions prefer to plant wheat early in the season to take advantage of the remaining soil moisture. By planting crops before the start of the season, it is possible to extend the time frame for spring wheat. The early-wheat-establishment experiment began in the 2017 growing season at the Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) in Ludhiana, India, and, after three years of intensive study, numerous agronomic, physiological, and yield data points were gathered.

Integrated Genomic Selection for Accelerating Breeding Programs of Climate-Smart Cereals.

Rapidly rising population and climate changes are two critical issues that require immediate action to achieve sustainable development goals. The rising population is posing increased demand for food, thereby pushing for an acceleration in agricultural production. Furthermore, increased anthropogenic activities have resulted in environmental pollution such as water pollution and soil degradation as well as alterations in the composition and concentration of environmental gases.

Engaging Early-Career Scientists in Global Policy-Making.

Pressing global challenges, such as climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, or antibiotic resistance, require coordinated international responses guided by evidence-informed decisions. For this purpose, it is critical that scientists engage in providing insights during the decision-making process. However, the mechanisms for the engagement of scientists in policy-making are complex and vary internationally, which often poses significant challenges to their involvement.

Novel SNP based analysis of genetic diversity in Linn across Indian Himalayas.

Unlabelled: Linn. is an endangered medicinal herb from Himalayas whose rhizomes have recently been used to curate symptoms of COVID-19. During present investigation, a gene bank of was established at High Altitude Herbal Garden of Forest Research Institute, Dehradun at Chakrata, at 2600 m amsl with germplasm collected from different states and union territory of India including Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and Jammu and Kashmir covering a wide range of geographical locations from an altitude of 1800 to 3600 m amsl.

Phylogeography of sharks and rays: a global review based on life history traits and biogeographic partitions.

Considerable research exists on the life history traits, evolutionary history, and environmental factors that shape the population genetic structure of marine organisms, including sharks and rays. Conservation concerns are particularly strong for this group as they are highly susceptible to anthropogenic stressors due to a combination of life history traits including late maturity and low fecundity. Here, we provide a review and synthesis of the global phylogeography of sharks and rays.

Prediction of human protein interactome of dengue virus non-structural protein 5 (NS5) and its downstream immunological implications.

Unlabelled: The non-structural protein 5 (NS5) is the most conserved protein among flaviviruses, a family that includes the dengue virus. It functions both as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and an RNA-methyltransferase and is therefore essential for the replication of viral RNA. The discovery that dengue virus NS5 protein (DENV-NS5) can also localize to the nucleus has resulted in renewed interest in its potential roles at the host-virus interface.

Insights from catch composition and historical records of elasmobranchs in the Malvan fishery on the central west coast of India.

Although elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are highly threatened by fisheries, there are few studies that examine gear and fishery effects on catch composition and abundance across India, one of the top elasmobranch fishing nations globally. We assessed elasmobranch diversity, abundance, catch rates and fishery characteristics using landing surveys in Malvan on the central-western coast of India, a major multi-gear, multi-species fishing centre, over three sampling periods from February 2018 to March 2020. We sampled 3145 fishing trips and recorded 27 elasmobranch species, of which nearly half are categorised as "Threatened" by the IUCN.