Assessing the feasibility and external validity of natural language processing-extracted data for advanced lung cancer patients.

Background: Manual extraction of real-world clinical data for research can be time-consuming and prone to error. We assessed the feasibility of using natural language processing (NLP), an AI technique, to automate data extraction for patients with advanced lung cancer (aLC). We assessed the external validity of our NLP-extracted data by comparing our findings to those reported in the literature.

Optimizing Virtual Follow-Up Care: Realist Evaluation of Experiences and Perspectives of Patients With Breast and Prostate Cancer.

Background: Virtual follow-up (VFU) has the potential to enhance cancer survivorship care. However, a greater understanding is needed of how VFU can be optimized.

Objective: This study aims to examine how, for whom, and in what contexts VFU works for cancer survivorship care.

Optimized radiofrequency shimming using low-heating B1+-mapping in the presence of deep brain stimulation implants: Proof of concept.

MRI of patients with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) implants is constrained due to radiofrequency (RF) heating of the implant lead. However, "RF-shimming" parallel transmission (PTX) has the potential to reduce DBS heating during MRI. As part of using PTX in such a "safe mode", maps of the RF transmission field (B1+) are typically acquired for calibration purposes, with each transmit coil excited individually.

18F-DCFPyL in the Detection of Prostate Cancer Spread to the Lumbosacral Plexus.

In most cases, prostate cancer spreads locally to the seminal vesicles, via lymphatics to pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes, and hematogenously to the bones. Direct invasion along nerve roots is exceptionally rare but can occur. Here, we present a case with 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT images showing neoplastic involvement of the lumbosacral plexus in a patient with recurrent prostate cancer.

Intraoperative surgical navigation improves margin status in advanced malignancies of the anterior craniofacial area: A prospective observational study with systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis.

The current scientific evidence suggests that surgical navigation (SN) can contribute to improve oncologic outcomes in sinonasal and craniofacial surgery. The present study investigated the feasibility of intraoperative SN and its role in improving the outcomes of surgically treated sinonasal and craniofacial tumors. This prospective study compared navigation-guided surgery for sinonasal or craniofacial malignancies with a pair-matched cohort (1:2 matching) of patients operated without SN.

Exploring ChatGPT in clinical inquiry: a scoping review of characteristics, applications, challenges, and evaluation.

Introduction: Recent advancements in generative AI, exemplified by ChatGPT, hold promise for healthcare applications such as decision-making support, education, and patient engagement. However, rigorous evaluation is crucial to ensure reliability and safety in clinical contexts. This scoping review explores ChatGPT's role in clinical inquiry, focusing on its characteristics, applications, challenges, and evaluation.

Ethical considerations of public health surveillance in the age of the internet of things technologies: A perspective.

In the age of the Internet of Things (IoT), ethical considerations of digitally-led public health surveillance are crucial. However, their application becomes complicated due to an implicit dichotomy of ethical and legal factors. Decision-makers often omit ethical considerations, citing legal ones to justify how public health surveillance is approached and implemented.

Exploring the Landscape of Standards and Guidelines in AgeTech Design and Development: Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis.

Background: AgeTech (technology for older people) offers digital solutions for older adults supporting aging in place, including digital health, assistive technology, Internet of Things, medical devices, robotics, wearables, and sensors. This study underscores the critical role of standards and guidelines in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of these technologies for the health of older adults. As the aging demographic expands, the focus on robust standards becomes vital, reflecting a collective commitment to improving the overall quality of life for older individuals through thoughtful and secure technology integration.

Development of a Preclinical Double Model of Mandibular Irradiated Bone and Osteoradionecrosis in New Zealand Rabbits.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) plays a crucial role in head and neck (HN) cancer treatment. Nevertheless, it can lead to serious and challenging adverse events such as osteoradionecrosis (ORN). A preclinical rabbit model of irradiated bone and ORN is herein proposed, with the aim to develop a viable model to be exploited for investigating new therapeutic approaches.

F-Fluoroazomycin Arabinoside (FAZA) PET/MR as a Biomarker of Hypoxia in Rectal Cancer: A Pilot Study.

Tumor hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor in many tumors and is predictive of metastatic spread and poor responsiveness to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. To assess the feasibility of using F-Fluoroazomycin arabinoside (FAZA) PET/MR to image tumor hypoxia in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) prior to and following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). The secondary objective was to compare different reference tissues and thresholds for tumor hypoxia quantification.

Application of a mobile health data platform for public health surveillance: A case study in stress monitoring and prediction.

Background: Public health surveillance involves the collection, analysis and dissemination of data to improve population health. The main sources of data for public health decision-making are surveys, typically comprised of self-report which may be subject to biases, costs and delays. To complement subjective data, objective measures from sensors could potentially be used.

Leveraging mHealth Technologies for Public Health.

Traditional public health surveillance efforts are generally based on self-reported data. Although well validated, these methods may nevertheless be subjected to limitations such as biases, delays, and costs or logistical challenges. An alternative is the use of smart technologies (eg, smartphones and smartwatches) to complement self-report indicators.

A Road Map of Prompt Engineering for ChatGPT in Healthcare: A Perspective Study.

Generative AI models, such as ChatGPT, have significantly impacted healthcare through the strategic use of prompts to enhance precision, relevance, and ethical standards. This perspective explores the application of prompt engineering to tailor outputs specifically for healthcare stakeholders: patients, providers, policymakers, and researchers. A nine-stage process for prompt engineering in healthcare is proposed, encompassing identifying applications, understanding stakeholder needs, designing tailored prompts, iterative testing and refinement, ethical considerations, collaborative feedback, documentation, training, and continuous updates.

Managing Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review and Qualitative Study Using Systematic Literature Review and Reddit.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted how people accessed health services and likely how they managed chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Social media forums present a source of qualitative data to understand how adaptation might have occurred from the perspective of the patient.

Objective: Our objective is to understand how the care-seeking behaviors and attitudes of people living with T2D were impacted during the early part of the pandemic by conducting a scoping literature review.

Hydrogel-chitosan and polylactic acid-polycaprolactone bioengineered scaffolds for reconstruction of mandibular defects: a preclinical study with assessment of translationally relevant aspects.

Reconstruction of mandibular bone defects is a surgical challenge, and microvascular reconstruction is the current gold standard. The field of tissue bioengineering has been providing an increasing number of alternative strategies for bone reconstruction. In this preclinical study, the performance of two bioengineered scaffolds, a hydrogel made of polyethylene glycol-chitosan (HyCh) and a hybrid core-shell combination of poly (L-lactic acid)/poly ( -caprolactone) and HyCh (PLA-PCL-HyCh), seeded with different concentrations of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), has been explored in non-critical size mandibular defects in a rabbit model.

Learning From Our Strengths: Exploring Strategies to Support Heart Health in Indigenous Communities.

Indigenous populations have remained resilient in maintaining their unique culture and values, despite facing centuries of colonial oppression. With many discriminatory policies continuing to disempower Indigenous peoples, First Nations communities have been reported to experience a higher level of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality, compared to that in the general population. Many of the risk factors contributing to the burden of CVD have been attributed to the impact of colonization and the ongoing dismissal of Indigenous knowledge.

Indocyanine green fluorescence quantification during normothermic ex situ perfusion for the assessment of porcine liver grafts after circulatory death.

Current graft evaluation during normothermic ex situ liver perfusion lacks real-time parameters for predicting posttransplant hepatocyte and biliary function. Indocyanine green (ICG) imaging has been widely used in liver surgery, enabling the visualization of hepatic uptake and excretion through bile using near-infrared light. In this research, porcine livers under various ischemic conditions were examined during a 5-hour normothermic ex situ liver perfusion procedure, introducing ICG at 1 hour through the hepatic artery.

A handheld device for intra-cavity and ex vivo fluorescence imaging of breast conserving surgery margins with 5-aminolevulinic acid.

Background: Visualization of cancer during breast conserving surgery (BCS) remains challenging; the BCS reoperation rate is reported to be 20-70% of patients. An urgent clinical need exists for real-time intraoperative visualization of breast carcinomas during BCS. We previously demonstrated the ability of a prototype imaging device to identify breast carcinoma in excised surgical specimens following 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) administration.

Does Freehand, Patient-specific Instrumentation or Surgical Navigation Perform Better for Allograft Reconstruction After Tumor Resection? A Preclinical Synthetic Bone Study.

Background: Joint-sparing resection of periarticular bone tumors can be challenging because of complex geometry. Successful reconstruction of periarticular bone defects after tumor resection is often performed with structural allografts to allow for joint preservation. However, achieving a size-matched allograft to fill the defect can be challenging because allograft sizes vary, they do not always match a patient's anatomy, and cutting the allograft to perfectly fit the defect is demanding.

The Cooperation Between Nurses and a New Digital Colleague "AI-Driven Lifestyle Monitoring" in Long-Term Care for Older Adults: Viewpoint.

Technology has a major impact on the way nurses work. Data-driven technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), have particularly strong potential to support nurses in their work. However, their use also introduces ambiguities.

Concerns regarding the accessibility of self-service interactive devices for people with disabilities.

Purpose: Self-service interactive devices allow users to access information or services without directly interacting with service personnel. As the prevalence of disability increases, it is important to consider the barriers individuals face in using these devices and explore opportunities to increase accessibility through assistive and adaptive technologies. This study aimed to establish recommendations to enhance the accessibility of self-service interactive devices, with the objective of understanding users' experiences with these devices.

Application of artificial intelligence in active assisted living for aging population in real-world setting with commercial devices - A scoping review.

Background: The aging population is steadily increasing, posing new challenges and opportunities for healthcare systems worldwide. Technological advancements, particularly in commercially available Active Assisted Living devices, offer a promising alternative. These readily accessible products, ranging from smartwatches to home automation systems, are often equipped with Artificial Intelligence capabilities that can monitor health metrics, predict adverse events, and facilitate a safer living environment.

A Prospective Study of Machine Learning-Assisted Radiation Therapy Planning for Patients Receiving 54 Gy to the Brain.

Purpose: The capacity for machine learning (ML) to facilitate radiation therapy (RT) planning for primary brain tumors has not been described. We evaluated ML-assisted RT planning with regard to clinical acceptability, dosimetric outcomes, and planning efficiency for adults and children with primary brain tumors.

Methods And Materials: In this prospective study, children and adults receiving 54 Gy fractionated RT for a primary brain tumor were enrolled.

Nanoparticle-mediated Photodynamic Therapy as a Method to Ablate Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Preclinical Models.

Unlabelled: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a tissue ablation technique able to selectively target tumor cells by activating the cytotoxicity of photosensitizer dyes with light. PDT is nonsurgical and tissue sparing, two advantages for treatments in anatomically complex disease sites such as the oral cavity. We have previously developed PORPHYSOME (PS) nanoparticles assembled from chlorin photosensitizer-containing building blocks (∼94,000 photosensitizers per particle) and capable of potent PDT.