Artificial intelligence assisted identification of newborn auricular deformities via smartphone application.

Background: Auricular deformities are common in newborns and require early diagnosis and timely intervention. Several factors highlight the necessity of a machine learning-based diagnostic solution: the high prevalence of these conditions, the narrow time window for effective non-surgical treatment, limited medical resources, and the importance of both physical and mental well-being. This study presents a novel artificial intelligence (AI) model to identify and classify common sub-types of auricle deformities, using photos taken with mobile devices.

Controlled Modulation of Intrinsic Electron Response in C/CoT Nanoplates Toward Multispectral Excitation Devices.

Electromagnetic materials with adjustable dielectric and magnetic properties are constantly sought after in electronic and industrial fields. In this study, an innovative strategy that customizes anchored Co-based nanoparticles to optimize the electronic behaviors is proposed for the first time, enabling a controllable and high-efficiency evolution of the macroscopic electromagnetic response of Co-based (C/CoT) nanoplates across the X-ray, light in the solar band and gigahertz band. Specifically, in the gigahertz band, the C/Co and C/CoSe nanoplates with high-power loss capabilities can effectively attenuate and convert electromagnetic energy into heat energy, which not only prevents space electromagnetic radiation but also powers energy for various electromagnetic devices such as thermoelectric generators and microwave actuators.

Spatial transcriptomics of the epipharynx in long COVID identifies SARS-CoV-2 signalling pathways and the therapeutic potential of epipharyngeal abrasive therapy.

In this study, the critical role of the epipharynx in managing long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and in particular, how residual SARS-CoV-2 RNA affects signalling pathways in the epipharynx were investigated via spatial gene expression analysis (Visium HD). Moreover, we hypothesize that epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT) targeting the epipharynx could improve long COVID symptoms by modulating local inflammation and gene expression. We conducted a comparative analysis of the gene expression profiles of three patients with long COVID and two control individuals without COVID-19.

Factors associated with the development of severe asthma - a nationwide study (FINASTHMA).

Background: Severe asthma presents a major challenge to healthcare and negatively affects the quality of life of the patients. Understanding on the factors predicting the development of severe asthma is limited.

Objective: This study aimed at characterizing patients with severe asthma and establishing risk factors for the development of severe asthma in a Finnish sample with a nationwide coverage of population, healthcare and drug register data.

Comprehensive evaluation of pipelines for classification of psychiatric disorders using multi-site resting-state fMRI datasets.

Objective classification biomarkers that are developed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data are expected to contribute to more effective treatment for psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, no widely accepted biomarkers are available at present, partially because of the large variety of analysis pipelines for their development. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated analysis pipelines using a large-scale, multi-site fMRI dataset for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Ethical considerations in AI for child health and recommendations for child-centered medical AI.

There does not exist any previous comprehensive review on AI ethics in child health or any guidelines for management, unlike in adult medicine. This review describes ethical principles in AI for child health and provides recommendations for child-centered medical AI. We also introduce the Pediatrics EthicAl Recommendations List for AI (PEARL-AI) framework for clinicians and AI developers to ensure ethical AI enabled systems in healthcare for children.

The Safety Profile of Pridopidine, a Novel Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease.

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare, fatal, chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a significant unmet medical need for effective treatments. Pridopidine is a novel, first-in-class, highly selective and potent sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist in development for HD. Pridopidine has been extensively studied in adult HD across the full spectrum of disease severity and age ranges, and its safety profile has been characterized in approximately 1600 participants across multiple studies and a broad range of doses.

Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Overweight and obesity is a global epidemic. Forecasting future trajectories of the epidemic is crucial for providing an evidence base for policy change. In this study, we examine the historical trends of the global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity from 1990 to 2021 and forecast the future trajectories to 2050.

Global, regional, and national prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Despite the well documented consequences of obesity during childhood and adolescence and future risks of excess body mass on non-communicable diseases in adulthood, coordinated global action on excess body mass in early life is still insufficient. Inconsistent measurement and reporting are a barrier to specific targets, resource allocation, and interventions. In this Article we report current estimates of overweight and obesity across childhood and adolescence, progress over time, and forecasts to inform specific actions.

ACLY Promotes Cardiac Fibrosis via the Regulation of DNL and Histone Acetylation.

Background: ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a key enzyme in de novo lipogenesis that generates acetyl-CoA from citrate. Although fatty acids are required for energy production and biomass synthesis in the heart, the regulatory mechanisms of ACLY-mediated de novo lipogenesis in pathological cardiac fibroblasts remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological role of ACLY in cardiac remodeling.

Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament Transection Sufficiently Increases Joint Space Width for Medial Meniscal Procedures During Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy.

Purpose: To investigate the changes in minimum joint space width (mJSW) caused by superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) transection during open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO).

Methods: This study included consecutive patients with a diagnosis of medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis who were scheduled for OWHTO between September 2020 and August 2022. Intraoperative fluoroscopic evaluations of mJSW were performed under neutral, valgus stress, and varus stress positions in knee extension and 20° of flexion before sMCL transection, after transection, and after plate fixation.

Quantitative Technique to Precisely Fix the Tibia With a Locking Compression Plate at the Preoperatively Planned Correction Angle While Applying High Compression to the Osteotomy Site in Inverted V-Shaped High Tibial Osteotomy.

In high tibial osteotomy (HTO) fixed with a locking compression plate (LCP), overcorrection or under-correction of knee alignment frequently occurs because the LCP applies not only proximal displacement but also valgus rotation to the distal tibia. We have developed a quantitative technique to precisely fix the tibia with the LCP at the preoperatively planned correction angle in inverted V-shaped HTO. Preoperatively, simulation of the HTO using the LCP is performed with a radiograph, and the distance of the most proximal locking screw from the articular surface is measured.

Effect of chemical modification on the exon-skipping activity of heteroduplex oligonucleotides.

We applied heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) technology, which uses an oligonucleotide hybridized with a complementary strand, to efficiently deliver locked nucleic acid (LNA)-based splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) to the nucleus. Using an assay involving cationic lipids, we revealed that HDO technology increased the exon-skipping activity of LNA-based SSOs. To assess the effect of heteroduplex SSOs (HDSSOs) on exon-skipping activity, we designed and evaluated various HDSSOs using a series of complementary oligonucleotides with different sugar chemistries (DNA, RNA, and LNA), linkages (phosphodiester; PO and phosphorothioate; PS linkages), and lengths.

In acute MI and acute or chronic anemia, liberal vs. restrictive transfusion did not affect recurrent MI or death.

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Prediction of Single-Mutation Effects for Fluorescent Immunosensor Engineering with an End-to-End Trained Protein Language Model.

A quenchbody (Q-body) is a fluorophore-labeled homogeneous immunosensor in which the fluorophore is quenched by tryptophan (Trp) residues in the vicinity of the antigen-binding paratope and dequenched in response to antigen binding. Developing Q-bodies against targets on demand remains challenging due to the large sequence space of the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) related to antigen binding and fluorophore quenching. In this study, we pioneered a strategy using high-throughput screening and a protein language model (pLM) to predict the effects of mutations on fluorophore quenching with single amino acid resolution, thereby enhancing the performance of Q-bodies.

Two-Year Follow-Up of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Edoxaban in Routine Clinical Practice: Results From the Global ETNA-AF Program.

Background: Randomized clinical trials demonstrated similar efficacy and improved safety of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Long-term data in routine clinical practice are needed.

Hypothesis: Patients with AF receiving edoxaban at baseline continue to have low annualized effectiveness and safety event rates in the second year of follow-up, with regional variations observed.

Characterization, Enrichment, and Computational Modeling of Cross-Linked Actin Networks in Transformed Trabecular Meshwork Cells.

Purpose: Cross-linked actin networks (CLANs) are prevalent in the glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM). We previously developed the GTM3L cell line, which spontaneously forms fluorescently labeled CLANs, by transducing GTM3, a transformed glaucomatous TM cell line, with a lentivirus expressing the LifeAct-GFP fusion protein. Here, we determined if LifeAct-GFP viral copy numbers are associated with CLANs, developed approaches to increase CLAN incidence, and computationally studied the biomechanical properties of CLAN-containing GTM3L cells.

Development of Chimera AMP-Endolysin with Wider Spectra Against Gram-Negative Bacteria Using High-Throughput Assay.

Bacteriophage-derived endolysins are being developed as an alternative to antimicrobials. The development of endolysins against Gram-negative bacteria requires the discovery of effective endolysins against the target species and the capability to penetrate the outer membrane of bacteria by endolysin. Here, we propose an efficient endolysin development approach that combines a data-driven endolysin search utilizing bacterial genomes with high-throughput laboratory assays.

PET Imaging of CD206 Macrophages in Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury Mouse Model.

: The identification of inflammatory mediators and the involvement of CD206 macrophages in anti-inflammatory responses, along with the synthesis of fibrotic mediators, are crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). : In this study, the assessment of Ga-labeled linear and cyclic forms of the RP832c peptide, which demonstrate a specific affinity for CD206 macrophages, was performed to evaluate efficacy for CD206 imaging through PET/CT, biodistribution studies, and CD206 staining in a bleomycin-induced lung injury mouse model (BLM). This model serves as a representative framework for inflammation and fibrosis.

Targeted Elimination of Influenza Virus and Infected Cells with Near-Infrared Antiviral Photoimmunotherapy (NIR-AVPIT).

: Seasonal influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality each year. Since viruses can easily acquire drug-resistant mutations, it is necessary to develop new antiviral strategies with different targets. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a type of anti-cancer therapy that has recently attracted considerable attention, with favorable outcomes reported for several cancers.

Integrating Machine Learning-Based Approaches into the Design of ASO Therapies.

Rare diseases impose a significant burden on affected individuals, caregivers, and healthcare systems worldwide. Developing effective therapeutics for these small patient populations presents substantial challenges. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach that targets the underlying genetic cause of disease at the RNA level.

Intratumour oxidative hotspots provide a niche for cancer cell dissemination.

Intratumour heterogeneity represents the hierarchical integration of genetic, phenotypic and microenvironmental heterogeneity. Although single-cell sequencing has clarified genetic and phenotypic variability, the heterogeneity of nongenetic, microenvironmental factors remains elusive. Here, we developed T-AP1, a tumour-targeted probe tracking extracellular HO, which allows the visualization and characterization of tumour cells exposed to oxidative stress, a hallmark of cancer.