Optimizing topical nasal steroid application in adenoid hypertrophy: A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis.

Introduction: Intranasal steroids are effective in managing adenoid hypertrophy in children, but the evidence regarding technique of use for optimal results is lacking.

Methods: CFD analysis, with discrete phase modelling was done to simulate nasal spray in nasal cavity and drug delivery in the region of adenoids. The findings were validated using a 3D model designed from CT scan of the same region.

Reliability of a Tailored Tele-Medicine Model for Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (ORL-HNS) Clinical Practice in Remote Areas of Nepal: A Pilot Study from Tertiary Referral Center.

Despite the ever-expanding scope of telemedicine, studies regarding its application in the field of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery (ORL-HNS) in remote parts of the world are lacking. This pilot study aims to bridge the research gap and to assess the efficacy of our tailored telemedicine clinic model, operating in an "asynchronous" mode, in diagnosing various ORL-HNS diseases. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center of Nepal.

A Handbook of Emergencies in ENT- Head and Neck Surgery.

This handbook is a unique addition in the field of emergencies in otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery. The authors had done their best to provide the good handbook. The authors have mentioned all the emergency conditions very precisely which helps the reader to find it.

Prevalence of p-16 Positive Laryngeal and Pharyngeal Tumors in Nepalese Population: A Hospital based Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: P16 overexpression is considered as a good prognostic marker for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. However, there are very few literatures on the prevalence and outcomes of p16 overexpression in non-oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and benign head and neck tumors. The aim of our study was to estimate the hospital based prevalence of p16 positive laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors and to compare it with the prevalence of p16 expression in the non tumor tissue (tonsils).

Correlational Study of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Diagnosed by Ultrasonography with Lipid Profile and Body Mass Index in Adult Nepalese Population.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to categorize patients into different grades of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by ultrasonography and to compare the findings with their serum lipid profile.

Materials And Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. One hundred and nine patients without a history of alcohol consumption of age more than 16 years attending general health checkup were selected at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajganj, Kathmandu, as per the exclusion and inclusion criteria.

A study on clinical outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS on anti retroviral therapy from rural hospital in Nepal.

Anti Retroviral Therapy has been started in Nepal since 2004 and the treatment centers have been upgrading all over the country regularly. A prospective observational study was carried out from August 2008 to December 2009 with an objective to evaluate clinical outcome of People Living with HIV/AIDS undergoing the therapy as per National Guidelines. After taking written informed consent pre-structured questionnaire was filled and patients were followed for next six months.

Mucinous cystic neoplasm masquerading a pseudo pancreatic cyst.

Owing to recent improvements in pancreatic imaging, an increasing number of cystic lesions have been identified in asymptomatic as well as in patients presenting with jaundice, pancreatitis, or abdominal pain. In spite of many diagnostic modalities, pseudocysts of pancreas still create confusions with pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Here we report a 38 year old lady who presented with abdominal lump and jaundice following an episode of pain abdomen suggesting acute pancreatitis.

Chronic suppurative otitis media in urban private school children of Nepal.

Unlabelled: Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the common ear diseases of the ear, particularly in childhood. It is the commonest cause of persistent mild to moderate hearing impairment in children and young adults.

Aim: To find out the prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media among school children studying in urban private schools of Nepal.

Sphenoid sinus mucocele with blindness: a rare presentation.

Isolated sphenoid sinus mucocele is a rare entity. Here we report a case of isolated sphenoid sinus mucocele in a 9 years old girl presenting with unilateral blindness and without any sinonasal complaints. C.

Myiasis infestation in postoperative mastoid cavity.

This is a case report of myiasis in modified radical mastoidectomy cavity in a 48 years old male presented in the Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, T.U. Teaching Hospital, Katmandu, Nepal.

Foreign body pyriform sinus: an unusual presentation.

This is a case report of a foreign body (chicken bone) on the left pyriform sinus impacted in its lateral wall. Although it could be seen on x-ray soft tissue neck lateral view and on CT scan of the neck, the foreign body could not be found by rigid oesophagoscopy which was done twice. It was detected and removed by lateral pharyngotomy under GA.

Oncocytoma of maxillary sinus--a rare presentation.

A case of Oncocytoma of maxillary sinus in a 73 years old female is reported along with a brief review of literature. To the best of our knowledge this extremely rare tumor is the first of its kind reported in Nepal. Literature review has revealed only four such cases originating from maxillary sinus.

Histopathological analysis of hysterectomy specimens.

This was a retrospective study carried out on all hysterectomy specimens sent to Department of Pathology of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from 1st September 2005 to 28th February 2006, to study the histopathological findings of these specimens. All informations used in the study were obtained from the records of Department of Pathology of the hospital. Out of 221 hysterectomy specimens received during the study period, 139 (62.

Septic induced abortion claiming life of a Nepalese woman.

This is a case report of septic induced abortion done at 16 weeks of gestation outside Kathmandu valley who presented to the emergency department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) with peritonitis and septic shock. The case underwent emergency laparotomy and was treated surgically for perforated ileum and uterus by resection and end to end anastomosis of bowel and subtotal hysterectomy. The patient died after 16 hours of operation due to multiple organ failure (MOF) as a sequelae of septic shock.

University hospital-based drug information service in a developing country.

In 1994, a clinically oriented drug information unit was established at the Tribhuvan University Teaching hospital in Nepal, with a view to providing objective and independent information through a question-answer service and bulletin production. During the first 2 years of its service, the unit received a total of 674 encounters, with an average of 28 inquiries a month (range 13-42): about three-quarters (74.5%) of all the inquiries were from prescribing doctors, including 38.