Antipsychotic continuation during pregnancy and risk of postpartum relapse in women with schizophrenia: nationwide register-based study.

Background: Women with schizophrenia frequently discontinue antipsychotic medications during pregnancy. However, evidence on the risk of postpartum relapse associated with antipsychotic use during pregnancy is lacking.

Aims: To investigate the within-individual association between antipsychotic continuation during pregnancy and postpartum relapse in women with schizophrenia.

Effect of daily alcohol intake on sex hormone levels among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors on aromatase inhibitor therapy: a randomized controlled crossover pilot study.

Background: Alcohol intake is associated with a higher risk of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC), presumably through its confirmed ability to increase sex hormone levels. Whether consuming alcohol within the recommended limit of one serving per day increases sex hormone levels among postmenopausal women taking aromatase inhibitors (AI) to inhibit estrogen production remains unknown. Therefore, we compared sex hormone levels following white wine to levels following white grape juice among ER + BC survivors taking AIs.

Effectiveness of a comic book intervention on mental health literacy among adolescents and youth in Burkina Faso: a randomized controlled trial protocol.

Background: In Burkina Faso, nearly half of the population is under 15 years old, and one in four adolescents experience depression. This underscores the critical need to enhance mental health literacy among adolescents and youth, empowering them to manage their mental well-being effectively. Comic books offer an engaging approach to health education, yet their effectiveness in addressing mental health remains largely untested.

Deep learning generalization for diabetic retinopathy staging from fundus images.

. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious diabetes complication that can lead to vision loss, making timely identification crucial. Existing data-driven algorithms for DR staging from digital fundus images (DFIs) often struggle with generalization due to distribution shifts between training and target domains.

Scaling and spreading age-friendly care: Early lessons from the VA National Age-Friendly Action Community.

Background: The Age-Friendly Health System (AFHS) initiative seeks to improve care for older adults through assessing and acting on the 4Ms (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, Mobility). The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) joined the initiative in 2020, and from 2022 to 2023, VA led its first Age-Friendly Action Community, a 7-month online educational series to teach clinicians about implementing the 4Ms across VA care settings.

Methods: The VA Action Community was designed to spread awareness about Age-Friendly care for older Veterans, improve interprofessional team knowledge for providing care guided by the 4Ms, and support AFHS implementation across multiple care settings.

Achieving the state of Georgia 25% HIV incidence reduction target among men who have sex with men in Atlanta through expanded use of multimodal pre-exposure prophylaxis: A mathematical model.

The US faces substantial demographic and geographic disparities in both HIV burden and access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), an effective strategy to prevent HIV acquisition. Long-acting cabotegravir (CAB) is a novel, injectable PrEP option which demonstrated superior reduction in risk of HIV acquisition compared to daily-oral PrEP in the HPTN083 trial. We modelled the impact of increased PrEP initiations and the introduction of long-acting CAB on HIV incidence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Atlanta, Georgia, a population with a high burden of HIV.

Effect of a Narrative-Based Online Course Aimed at Reducing Stigma Toward Transgender Children and Adolescents: Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: Stigma toward transgender children and adolescents negatively impacts their health and educational outcomes. Contact with members of stigmatized groups can dismantle stereotypes and reduce stigma by facilitating exposure to the unique cognitive and emotional perspectives of individuals within the group. Recent evidence suggests that video-based contact interventions can be as effective as face-to-face encounters, but challenges lie in protecting the identities of transgender youth, since many of them live in stealth.

Applying Natural Language Processing Techniques to Map Trends in Insomnia Treatment Terms on the r/Insomnia Subreddit: Infodemiology Study.

Background: People share health-related experiences and treatments, such as for insomnia, in digital communities. Natural language processing tools can be leveraged to understand the terms used in digital spaces to discuss insomnia and insomnia treatments.

Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize and chart trends of insomnia treatment terms on a digital insomnia message board.

Validation of an observational tool for assessing mother-child and father-child interactions in Mara, Tanzania.

A strong body of evidence has underscored the cross-cultural importance of nurturing parent-child relationships for promoting early child development outcomes. However, most research on parenting has predominantly relied on self-reported measures collected from mothers. Observational tools for assessing parent-child interactions from not only mothers but also fathers remains limited, especially in Majority World contexts.

Survey of Urogynecology Fellows on the Care of Patients with Differences in Sex Development/Intersex Traits.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Patients with differences in sex development or intersex traits (DSD/I) struggle to find clinically competent care in adulthood. We sought to describe the surgical exposure of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery (URPS) fellows who had previously trained in ObGyn (URPS-Gyn) to patients with DSD/I and their interest in performing 18 relevant procedures. We hypothesized that most graduating fellows would not have had exposure to many of the surgeries.

A field resource for the glioma cerebrospinal fluid proteome: impacts of resection and location on biomarker discovery.

Background: While serial sampling of glioma tissue is rarely performed prior to recurrence, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an underutilized longitudinal source of candidate glioma biomarkers for understanding therapeutic impacts. However, the impact of key variables to consider in longitudinal CSF samples for monitoring biomarker discovery, including anatomical location and post-surgical changes, remains unknown.

Methods: Aptamer-based proteomics was performed on 147 CSF samples from 74 patients, 71 of whom had grade 2-4 astrocytomas or grade 2-3 oligodendrogliomas.

The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in healthcare, necessitating standardized reporting guidelines. We present transparent reporting of a multivariable model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD)-LLM, an extension of the TRIPOD + artificial intelligence statement, addressing the unique challenges of LLMs in biomedical applications. TRIPOD-LLM provides a comprehensive checklist of 19 main items and 50 subitems, covering key aspects from title to discussion.

Lymphatic collection and cell isolation from mouse models for multiomic profiling.

Premetastatic cancer cells often spread from the primary lesion through the lymphatic vasculature and, clinically, the presence or absence of lymph node metastases impacts treatment decisions. However, little is known about cancer progression via the lymphatic system or of the effect that the lymphatic environment has on cancer progression. This is due, in part, to the technical challenge of studying lymphatic vessels and collecting lymph fluid.

A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Gut Bacterial Urease Protects the Host from Liver Injury.

Hyperammonemia is characterized by the accumulation of ammonia within the bloodstream upon liver injury. Left untreated, hyperammonemia contributes to conditions such as hepatic encephalopathy that have high rates of patient morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have identified gut bacterial urease, an enzyme that converts urea into ammonia, as a major contributor to systemic ammonia levels.

Divide and conquer, mitochondrial edition: Subpopulations direct cellular energy and nutrient supply.

Mitochondria produce energy and building blocks essential for cell growth. How these competing processes are balanced and sustained during nutrient scarcity remains unclear. Ryu et al.

Risk Factors and Prognostic Effects of Aspergillosis as a Complication of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Objective: The global prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) has been steadily increasing. A few small retrospective studies have reported a poor prognosis associated with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) as a complication of NTM-PD. Furthermore, the prognostic impact of CPA may have been inadequately assessed due to differences in background factors.

From statistics to deep learning: Using large language models in psychiatric research.

Background: Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in enhancing psychiatric research efficiency. However, concerns related to bias, computational demands, data privacy, and the reliability of LLM-generated content pose challenges. GAP: Existing studies primarily focus on the clinical applications of LLMs, with limited exploration of their potentials in broader psychiatric research.

Severe Maternal Morbidity Among Pregnant People With Opioid Use Disorder Enrolled in Medicaid.

Importance: Pregnant people with opioid use disorder (OUD) are at high risk for potentially avoidable maternal morbidity. The majority of pregnant people with OUD receive health insurance through state Medicaid programs, but there is little comprehensive data on the burden of severe maternal morbidity (SMM)-a composite measure of adverse maternal health outcomes-among this high-risk group.

Objective: To estimate rates of SMM among Medicaid-enrolled pregnant people with OUD from 2016 to 2018.

Toward Resilient Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health Care: A Qualitative Study Involving Afghan Refugee Women in Pakistan.

Background: Afghan refugees in Pakistan, particularly in Quetta, Balochistan, encounter formidable barriers in accessing maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services. These challenges have been intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic and entrenched systemic health inequities.

Methods: This qualitative study, conducted from February to April 2023, aimed to assess the obstacles within health systems and community environments that hinder MNCH service access among Afghan refugees.

Serious mental health conditions and exposure to adulthood trauma in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: There is a strong link between trauma exposure and serious mental health conditions (SMHCs), such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The majority of research in the field has focused on childhood trauma as a risk factor for developing an SMHC and on samples from high-income countries. There is less research on having an SMHC as a risk factor for exposure to traumatic events, and particularly on populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Social jetlag and diet quality among US young adults: interactions with race/ethnicity.

The objective was to examine associations between social jetlag and diet quality among young adults in the US using nationally representative data from the 2017-2018 NHANES survey, and evaluate effect modification by gender and race/ethnicity. Social jetlag was considered ≥2-hour difference in sleep midpoint (median of bedtime and wake time) between weekends and weekdays. Diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and its 13 dietary components.

Coffee drinking timing and mortality in US adults.

Background And Aims: To identify the patterns of coffee drinking timing in the US population and evaluate their associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: This study included 40 725 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018 who had complete information on dietary data and 1463 adults from the Women's and Men's Lifestyle Validation Study who had complete data on 7-day dietary record. Clustering analysis was used to identify patterns of coffee drinking timing.