Outpatient percutaneous and endoscopic surgery in interventional pain management.

The evolution of interventional pain management from inception through the present is examined. Increasing demand from patients, referring physicians and third party payors for proven interventions which provide long-term functional relief of symptoms or primary correction of common spinal pain syndromes is discussed. The role of current palliative therapy as compared to the proven clinical validity of outpatient percutaneous and endoscopic spinal surgical techniques is reviewed.

Correction of osteoporotic fracture deformities with global sagittal imbalance.

Unlabelled: Osteoporotic spinal deformities with global sagittal imbalance have devastating effects on patients. However, treatment is difficult and there is a high risk of perioperative medical and mechanical complications. Patients with osteoporotic spinal deformities are not ideal candidates for posterior pedicle subtraction osteotomy; the condition necessitates combined anterior-posterior for corrections of the deformity.