CDK5-cyclin B1 regulates mitotic fidelity.

CDK1 has been known to be the sole cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) partner of cyclin B1 to drive mitotic progression. Here we demonstrate that CDK5 is active during mitosis and is necessary for maintaining mitotic fidelity. CDK5 is an atypical CDK owing to its high expression in post-mitotic neurons and activation by non-cyclin proteins p35 and p39.

Molecular epidemiology of brucellosis in Asia: insights from genotyping analyses.

Brucellosis infects humans and animals worldwide but is particularly prevalent in Asia. In many Asian countries, molecular diagnostic tools for accurate molecular diagnostics and molecular epidemiology are lacking. Nonetheless, some countries have conducted in-depth molecular epidemiological studies.

MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) in breast cancer: From apoptosis dysregulation to therapeutic opportunities.

Breast cancer, a pervasive and complex disease, continues to pose significant challenges in the field of oncology. Its heterogeneous nature and diverse molecular profiles necessitate a nuanced understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving tumorigenesis and progression. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has emerged as a crucial player in breast cancer development and progression by modulating apoptosis, a programmed cell death mechanism that eliminates aberrant cells.

NIR-Responsive Deployable and Self-Fitting 4D-Printed Bone Tissue Scaffold.

The treatment of irregular-shaped and critical-sized bone defects poses a clinical challenge. Deployable, self-fitting tissue scaffolds that can be implanted by minimally invasive procedures are a promising solution. Toward this, we fabricated NIR-responsive and programmable polylactide-co-trimethylene carbonate (PLMC) scaffolds nanoengineered with polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA) by extrusion-based three-dimensional (3D) printing.

Comparative efficacy of aspirin versus direct oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following primary total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolisms (PE), are common after total knee (TKA) and hip arthroplasty (THA). Recent studies suggest that aspirin effectively prevents VTE following major orthopaedic surgery. This meta-analysis compares randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating aspirin versus direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for VTE prevention after primary THA and TKA.

Improved Physical Performance Parameters in Patients Taking Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN): A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is essential in the proper function of many essential cellular processes in the human body. The purpose of this review is to investigate the effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD+ precursor, on physical performance and evaluate the safety profile of supplementation. A systematic review search criteria following the guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was performed in four databases for randomized controlled trials on NMN supplementation.

Pseudo-pigmented choroidal schwannoma with extraocular extension in an elderly patient.

Purpose: To describe a rare case of clinically pigmented choroidal schwannoma with extraocular extension in an elderly patient.

Observations: We report a case of a 79-year-old Black male who presented with a clinically pigmented, juxtapapillary choroidal tumor with concern for extraocular extension on standardized ocular echography. The lesion was concerning for choroidal melanoma with extraocular extension.

Dosimetric evaluation of adaptive planning for five-fraction gynecologic template-based interstitial brachytherapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to evaluate whether inter-fraction imaging and replanning enhance treatment delivery adherence to clinical planning objectives in the context of a 5-fraction template-based interstitial brachytherapy (TISB) approach for gynecologic cancer treatment.

Methods And Materials: This retrospective study analyzed nineteen patients who underwent 5 fractions of interstitial brachytherapy over 3 days using the Syed-Neblett template. A verification CT scan was acquired for applicator assessment and reviewed by a radiation oncologist and medical physicist before each fraction.

Loss of prohibitin 2 in Schwann cells dysregulates key transcription factors controlling developmental myelination.

Schwann cells are critical for the proper development and function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), where they form a collaborative relationship with axons. Past studies highlighted that a pair of proteins called the prohibitins play major roles in Schwann cell biology. Prohibitins are ubiquitously expressed and versatile proteins.

Malignant Pericardial Effusion: A Systematic Review.

Background: Malignant pericardial effusion (Eff) is often asymptomatic and has an unknown prevalence, due to its occult presentation. The condition often is identified postmortem on autopsy, and it is associated with a poor prognosis. Given the late presentation of malignant pericardial Effs, a minimal volume of literature has examined the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of these complex patients.

A New Era for PET/CT: Applications in Non-Tumorous Renal Pathologies.

Non-tumorous kidney diseases include a variety of conditions affecting both the structure and function of the kidneys, thereby causing a range of health-related problems. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged as a potential diagnostic tool, offering a multifaceted approach to evaluating non-tumorous kidney diseases. Its clinical significance extends beyond its conventional role in cancer imaging, enabling a comprehensive assessment of renal structure and function.

Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour by increasing physical activity, on cognitive function, brain function and structure across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To examine the acute and chronic effects of reducing prolonged sedentary time (ST) with physical activity (PA) on cognitive and brain health.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses.

Cardiac troponin I directly binds and inhibits mitochondrial ATP synthase with a noncanonical role in the post-ischemic heart.

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a key regulator of cardiomyocyte contraction. However, its role in mitochondria is unknown. Here we show that cTnI localized to mitochondria in the heart, inhibited mitochondrial functions when stably expressed in noncardiac cells and increased the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore under oxidative stress.

Patient Characteristics and Real-World Use of Botulinum Toxins for the Treatment of Cervical Dystonia, Blepharospasm, and Hemifacial Spasm.

Movement disorders such as cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm negatively impact the quality of life of people living with these conditions. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections are commonly used to treat these disorders. We sought to describe patient characteristics, BoNT utilization, and potential adverse events (AEs) among patients with cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and hemifacial spasm using Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database.

Colo-colonic intussusception secondary to Burkitt lymphoma with concurrent malignant small bowel mesh adhesion.

Intussusception is a rare presentation in adult population and usually occurs secondary to an underlying pathology. We report an unusual case of a 28-year-old female who developed a colo-colonic intussusception secondary to Burkitt lymphoma which was managed with an extended right hemicolectomy. The case was further complicated by a segment of small bowel with malignant adhesion to a prosthetic mesh requiring resection of the involved segment of small bowel.

Roles of oxalate-degrading bacteria in fungus-growing termite nests.

Fungus-growing termite (FGT) nests possess an oxalate pool derived from termite input and fungal oxalogenesis. The effect of oxalate biotransformation in the termite nest on the symbiotic association between FGTs and fungi is poorly understood. Here, we measured the pH value, mineral composition, oxalate and carbonate contents, along with the abundance and composition of oxalotrophic bacteria (OxB) in termite nests.

Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (NPSLE): A Case Report and an Overview of the Diagnosis, Treatment Modalities, and Prognosis.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory, multisystem autoimmune disease with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) refers to neurological and psychiatric symptoms involving the central and peripheral nervous systems.  A 23-year-old African American female with a history of undifferentiated connective tissue disease on hydroxychloroquine and poor medication adherence presented to the emergency department with an altered mental status and generalized headache.

Enhancing Anterior Esthetic Zone Implant Placement Through Bone Manipulation Techniques: A Case Series.

Replacement of missing teeth using dental implants has become the most frequently performed procedure. Following tooth loss, buccolingual bone width decreases significantly compromising the successful placement of dental implants. Various treatment modalities have been advocated in scenarios with insufficient buccolingual bone width like narrow diameter implant placement, horizontal guided bone regeneration, ridge splitting technique, and osseodensification.