Understanding the Crisis: Prevalence and Key Determinants of Stunting in Children Aged 2 to 5 Years in an Afghan Refugee Camp in Kohat.

Background: Stunting, characterized by impaired growth and development due to malnutrition and illness, is a significant public health concern with profound implications for cognitive and physical development. This issue is particularly severe in refugee settings, where food insecurity and limited access to healthcare exacerbate the problem.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of stunting among children aged 2 to 5 years in an Afghan refugee camp in Kohat, Pakistan.

Deep brain stimulation for post-stroke rehabilitation in Pakistan.

Stroke has a high prevalence in Pakistan, at an alarming rate of 250 per 100 000 people. Although various treatment options are available, they are not ideal for Pakistan due to their high cost, restricted availability, and time sensitivity. In 1997, the FDA-approved deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease and it was first performed in Pakistan in 2014.

Prevalence and Determinants of Self-Medication Among Pregnant Women at an Antenatal Clinic at Soba Teaching Hospital, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

BACKGROUND Rates of self-medication among pregnant women are high, due to the promotion of herbal and dietary supplements and lack of awareness of possible adverse effects. This study evaluated self-medication in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at Soba Teaching Hospital, Sudan. MATERIAL AND METHODS A quantitative study was conducted using a pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, which consisted of 25 questions divided into 4 sections: demographic and obstetric; self-medication source, recommendations, and conditions; most commonly used medications and herbal medicine; reasons for self-medications.

Healthcare students attitudes opinions perceptions and perceived obstacles regarding ChatGPT in Saudi Arabia: a survey‑based cross‑sectional study.

With growing technology, it's easier for students to accomplish their assignments with little or no effort. This study assesses attitudes, opinions, perceptions, and perceived obstacles regarding ChatGPT among healthcare students at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study among healthcare students was conducted from the beginning of January to April 2024 using social media, platforms through a prevalidated series of questionnaires.

NEAT1 modulates the TIRR/53BP1 complex to maintain genome integrity.

Tudor Interacting Repair Regulator (TIRR) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) that interacts directly with 53BP1, restricting its access to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and its association with p53. We utilized iCLIP to identify RNAs that directly bind to TIRR within cells, identifying the long non-coding RNA NEAT1 as the primary RNA partner. The high affinity of TIRR for NEAT1 is due to prevalent G-rich motifs in the short isoform (NEAT1_1) region of NEAT1.

Comparison of light microscopy and digital microscopy for learning oral pathology practicals among second year dental students.

Background/purpose: Previous studies have shown that digital microscopy is an indispensable tool for teaching oral pathology laboratory course. Despite this, our institute relies solely on recommended/reference book images for oral pathology practicals, neglecting both light and digital microscopy methods. Gathering students' feedback on these methods is essential before considering digital microscopy as part of the oral pathology curriculum.

Impact of Parental Involvement on Child Compliance During Dental Procedures.

Background: Effective management of child behavior during dental procedures is crucial for successful treatment outcomes and promoting oral health. Parental involvement has been recognized as a key factor influencing child compliance in various healthcare settings, but its specific impact on child compliance during dental appointments remains understudied.

Methods: A cross-sectional clinical research involving 100 children scheduled for routine dental treatments.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Complications of Different Hysterectomy Techniques in the Management of Uterine Fibroids.

Introduction: Uterine fibroids, which are benign tumors affecting a significant proportion of women, often necessitate hysterectomy for suggestive relief. Understanding the relative efficiency and safety profiles of different techniques is crucial for optimizing patient care.

Materials And Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled women diagnosed with symptomatic uterine fibroids who underwent hysterectomy.

Comparison Between the Conventional and Electronic Smoking Effects on Periodontal Health-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives: To compare the adverse effect of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarette smoking on periodontal health.

Materials And Methods: Sixty participants were split into two groups of 30 each (Group A-traditional cigarettes and Group B-e-cigarette smokers). Socio-demographic data, smoking, and oral health status were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire.

Are high school cardiopulmonary resuscitation education mandates working? Insights from a high school survey on CPR knowledge, attitudes, and readiness.

Background: The use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automated external defibrillators (AEDs) significantly improve the chances of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Subsequently, state laws mandate training in CPR and AED use for high school graduation. However, training and its impact vary and must be better understood.

miR-146a-5p mediates inflammation-induced β cell mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis.

We previously showed that miR-146a-5p is upregulated in pancreatic islets treated with proinflammatory cytokines. Others have reported that miR-146a-5p overexpression is associated with β cell apoptosis and impaired insulin secretion. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating these effects remain elusive.

Nucleic acid binding affinity and antioxidant activity of N-m-Tolyl-4-Chlorophenoxyacetohydroxamicacid.

Hydroxamic acids represent a group of weak organic acids, both naturally occurring and synthetically derived, characterized by the general formula RC(= O)N(R'OH). In this study, we investigated the binding behavior of N-m-tolyl-4-chlorophenoxyaceto hydroxamic acid with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and torula yeast RNA (t-RNA) through a combination of techniques including UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence emission analysis, viscometry, and computational simulations using AutoDock4 software. Our findings reveal that the mode of binding between the compound and the nucleic acids is consistent with intercalation.

Cost-effectiveness of a novel AI technology to quantify coronary inflammation and cardiovascular risk in patients undergoing routine Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography.

Aims: Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) is a first line investigation for chest pain in patients with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). However, many acute cardiac events occur in the absence of obstructive CAD. We assessed the lifetime cost-effectiveness of integrating a novel artificial intelligence-enhanced image analysis algorithm (AI-Risk) that stratifies the risk of cardiac events by quantifying coronary inflammation, combined with the extent of coronary artery plaque and clinical risk factors, by analysing images from routine CCTA.

Enriched G4 forming repeats in the human genome are associated with robust well-coordinated transcription and reduced cancer transcriptome variation.

Non-B DNA G-quadruplex (G4) structures with guanine (G) runs of 2 to 4 repeats can trigger opposing experimental transcriptional impacts. Here, we used bioinformatic algorithms to comprehensively assess correlations of steady-state RNA transcript levels with all putative G4 sequence (pG4) locations genome-wide in three mammalian genomes and in normal and tumor human tissues. The human pG4-containing gene set displays higher expression levels than the set without pG4, supporting and extending some prior observations.

NF-κB Transcription Factors: Their Distribution, Family Expansion, Structural Conservation, and Evolution in Animals.

The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor family consists of five members: RelA (p65), RelB, c-Rel, p50 (p105/NF-κB1), and p52 (p100/NF-κB2). This family is considered a master regulator of classical biochemical pathways such as inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, and cell death. The proteins in this family have a conserved Rel homology domain (RHD) with the following subdomains: DNA binding domain (RHD-DBD) and dimerization domain (RHD-DD).

Ferredoxins: Functions, Evolution, Potential Applications, and Challenges of Subtype Classification.

Ferredoxins are proteins found in all biological kingdoms and are involved in essential biological processes including photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and biogeochemical cycles. Ferredoxins are classified into different groups based on the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters that they contain. A new subtype classification and nomenclature system, based on the spacing between amino acids in the Fe-S binding motif, has been proposed in order to better understand ferredoxins' biological diversity and evolutionary linkage across different organisms.

The dark side of enterprise social media and employee digital creativity: Communication visibility perspective.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the significances of excessive usage of enterprise social media (ESM) on individuals' digital creativity through ESM exhaustion. In addition, we intend to investigate the significance of ESM visibility as a moderator in the connection between excessive usage of ESM, ESM exhaustion, and digital creativity. The results presented in this study are derived from primary data collected from 718 Chinese workers who utilize ESM.