Causal Mediation Analysis of Factors Influencing Physical Activity and Community Access Among People With Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson Disease.

Objective: To examine how known causal factors (exercise self-efficacy, balance, walking capacity) affect outcomes (moderate-intensity physical activity, community access) in people with Parkinson disease (PD): through a direct pathway, indirectly through potential mediators (nonmotor impairments), or through combined direct and mediated paths.

Design: Causal mediation analyses using baseline and three-month data from pooled treatment groups in a randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Data were collected at 2 university clinical research centers.

Breadth and visibility of children's lower limb chronic musculoskeletal pain: a scoping review.

Objective: To identify the types of conditions reported in peer-reviewed literature that result in chronic musculoskeletal lower limb pain in children and adolescents and explore the alignment of these conditions with the chronic pain reporting codes indexed in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11).

Design: This scoping review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data Sources: Five electronic databases were searched (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library).

Validity and reliability of trunk and lower-limb kinematics during squatting, hopping, jumping and side-stepping using OpenCap markerless motion capture application.

OpenCap is a web-based markerless motion capture platform that estimates 3D kinematics from videos recorded from at least two iOS devices. This study aimed to determine the concurrent validity and inter-session reliability of OpenCap for measuring trunk and lower-limb kinematics during squatting, hopping, countermovement jumping, and cutting. Nineteen participants (10 males, 9 females; age 27.

Six-degrees-of-freedom pelvic bone monitoring on 2D kV intrafraction images to enable multi-target tracking for locally advanced prostate cancer.

Background: Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer require the prostate and pelvic lymph nodes to be irradiated simultaneously during radiation therapy treatment. However, relative motion between treatment targets decreases dosimetric conformity. Current treatment methods mitigate this error by having large treatment margins and often prioritize the prostate at patient setup at the cost of lymph node coverage.

Conference on 'nutrition and wellbeing in Oceania'.

Oceania is currently facing a substantial challenge: to provide sustainable and ethical food systems that support nutrition and health across land and water. The Nutrition Society of Australia and the Nutrition Society of New Zealand held a joint 2023 Annual Scientific Meeting on 'Nutrition and Wellbeing in Oceania' attended by 408 delegates. This was a timely conference focussing on nutrition challenges across the Pacific, emphasising the importance of nutrition across land and water, education settings, women's health and gut health.

Generating and translating evidence for safe and effective medication management in aged care homes.

Generating and translating high-quality evidence is integral to providing safe and effective medication management for residents of aged care homes. Residents are often under-represented in trials of medication effectiveness and safety. This paper reviews opportunities and challenges for generating and translating evidence for safe and effective medication management in aged care homes.

Two-year 3D gait outcomes following in-situ pinning or modified Dunn procedure in children with slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Background: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) is femoral head slippage off the femoral neck through the physis occurring in children aged 8-16 years. Surgical intervention is required in all paediatric cases and there is no universal agreement on choice of surgical procedure.

Research Question: What are the two-year 3D gait outcomes in children with SCFE who have undergone in-situ pinning (PIN) or modified Dunn procedure (MDP) compared with normative reference values?

Methods: 17 children with SCFE who had undergone PIN (n=7, slip severity mild to moderate) or MDP (n=10, slip severity moderate to severe) surgical procedures prospectively underwent a 3D gait analysis post-surgery (2∙0 ± 0∙5 years).

MRI deep learning models for assisted diagnosis of knee pathologies: a systematic review.

Objectives: Despite showing encouraging outcomes, the precision of deep learning (DL) models using different convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for diagnosis remains under investigation. This systematic review aims to summarise the status of DL MRI models developed for assisting the diagnosis of a variety of knee abnormalities.

Materials And Methods: Five databases were systematically searched, employing predefined terms such as 'Knee AND 3D AND MRI AND DL'.

Relationships Between Working From Home, Sitting Postures, and Low Back Pain During COVID-19: A Survey of Frequent Computer Users.

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of working from home on musculoskeletal pain.

Methods: An e-survey of computer workers was conducted. Multinomial logistic regression modeling examined relationships between work location (work or home office desk, dining table, other), sitting posture (diagrams with descriptors), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale), sleep quality (good/average vs poor) and pain (low back pain [LBP]), and other pain without LBP (asymptomatic).

Exploring the impact of work experience on the detection of specific cancers across different breast density levels on screening mammograms.

Purpose: This study explores the attributes of true positive and false positive rates in screening mammogram test sets assessed by breast screening radiologists in order to identify the combined impact of prior images, breast density and lesion features with experience factors linked to diagnostic performance.

Methods: 869 radiologists' first-time readings across nine mammogram BREAST test sets with 361 normal and 179 cancer mammograms were collected between 2014 and 2023. Participants viewed digital mammograms on diagnostic monitors and localized abnormal lesions.

A Machine Learning Model Based on Global Mammographic Radiomic Features Can Predict Which Normal Mammographic Cases Radiology Trainees Find Most Difficult.

This study aims to investigate whether global mammographic radiomic features (GMRFs) can distinguish hardest- from easiest-to-interpret normal cases for radiology trainees (RTs). Data from 137 RTs were analysed, with each interpreting seven educational self-assessment test sets comprising 60 cases (40 normal and 20 cancer). The study only examined normal cases.

Patient-reported disease burden in the Accelerate Clinical Trials in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Study.

Background And Aims: The Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Health Index (CMT-HI) is a disease-specific, patient-reported disease burden measure. As part of an international clinical trial readiness study, individuals with CMT1A (ages 18-75 years) underwent clinical outcome assessments (COAs), including the CMT-HI, to capture their longitudinal perspective on the disease burden.

Methods: Two hundred and fifteen participants underwent serial COAs including the CMT-HI, CMT Functional Outcome Measure (CMT-FOM), CMT Neuropathy Score (CMTNSv2R), and CMT Exam Score (CMTES/CMTES-R).

Contact with nature, nature prescriptions, and loneliness: Evidence from an international survey of adults in Australia, India, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Evidence to support nature contact and nature prescriptions to reduce loneliness is scant. A total of 2100 individuals took part in a survey conducted in Australia (n = 525, mean age = 34.1), India (n = 526, mean age = 29.

Effect of low-volume exercise on hepatic steatosis in adults with obesity plus normal glucose, prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel, low-volume combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and progressive resistance training (PRT) in overweight/obese adults.

Methods: This randomised control trial compared the effect of regular supervised HIIT combined with PRT (Exercise) with an unsupervised stretching intervention (Control), in previously inactive adults with either normal glucose (NG), pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with body mass index of >25 kg/m. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive low-volume exercise or control by an online randomisation tool.

Access to prior screening mammograms affects the specificity but not sensitivity of radiologists' performance.

Aims: To establish the impact that access to prior mammograms has on radiologists' performance and the influence of radiologists' characteristics and breast density on their subsequent performance.

Methods: Eight participants independently interpreted 72 digital screening mammograms in two reading sessions using the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologist's classification. In the first reading session, participants were given access to current and prior mammograms.

Improving physical and mental health in women with breast cancer undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy through wearable device-based aerobic exercise: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Aimed to assess the impact of wearable device-based aerobic exercise on the physical and mental well-being of women with breast cancer (BC) undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods: Forty adult women with BC who underwent anthracycline-based chemotherapy were randomly allocated to the exercise group ( = 21) or the control group ( = 19). Both groups received standard health education and oncology care.