Breast Desmoid Tumours: A Review of the Literature.

Breast desmoid tumour is a rare type of benign breast disease that presents like malignancy. Current guidelines are based on limited evidence derived from case reports and small case series and recommend resection with microscopically-negative margin (R0). There is a high risk of recurrence despite negative surgical margins.

Morphological studies of labyrinthine tissue in patients affected with Meniere's disease and vestibular schwannoma following labyrinthectomy.

Background: Meniere's disease (MD) is a disabling disease of the inner ear, having a substantial effect on a patient's quality of life. While various postulations regarding its aetiology exists, due to the difficulty with accessing inner ear tissue, there have been limited histological studies in patients with active MD.

Methods: Tissue was collected during labyrinthectomy from 8 patients with intractable MD who had failed medical therapy (22 samples), and 9 patients undergoing translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannoma (19 samples).

Goldilocks mastectomy with immediate reconstruction: enhancing aesthetic outcomes and preserving nipple complex.

Despite significant advancements in early breast cancer detection, mastectomy remains a crucial treatment option for some patients. Immediate breast reconstruction post-mastectomy has emerged as an ideal procedure to minimize physical and psychosocial patient impacts, striving for improved cosmetic results. The "enhanced "Goldilocks mastectomy technique, characterized by nipple preservation or grafting and utilizing the fifth perforator anatomy, offers a sound approach to reconstruction in comorbid and large-breasted patients.

Paraneoplastic progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus associated with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in the setting of longstanding methotrexate use: case report.

Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) is a rare but debilitating disease within the stiff person syndrome (SPS) spectrum characterised by muscle rigidity, spasms, myoclonus, dysautonomia, and brainstem dysfunction. The exact pathogenetic mechanism is unclear, although there is an association with the presence of glycine receptor antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and some cases are paraneoplastic. Here, we report a case of paraneoplastic, glycine receptor antibody-positive PERM associated with an otherwise subclinical monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) of the non-CLL phenotype, which may be, in turn, likely secondary to long-term methotrexate use [i.

A keep-it-simple embolisation approach to treat pelvic congestion syndrome without compromising clinical effectiveness.

Introduction: There are two approaches to treating pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS): (i) the keep-it-simple (KIS) approach, which involves embolising only the refluxing vein(s), typically the left ovarian vein (LOV) unless the right ovarian vein (ROV) or left/right internal iliac vein (IIV) tributaries are also refluxing; and (ii) the extensive (EXT) approach, which empirically embolises almost all of the LOV, ROV, and left and right IIV tributaries. The aim of this study is to determine whether the KIS approach can effectively treat PCS while minimising the number of treated veins and coils used, without the need for injecting sclerosing agents into pelvic veins or the use of occlusion balloons.

Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study.

Risk-benefit analysis of a multi-site radiographer comment model for emergency departments.

Objectives: Critical/urgent X-ray findings are not always communicated in an appropriate time frame to ED physicians. The practice of radiographers alerting referrers to clinically significant image findings (verbally, via image flags or written comment) is noted internationally but risk assessment data is unavailable in the literature. A hybrid radiographer comment and alert model was piloted in New South Wales and a risk-benefit assessment conducted for timely and safe communication of abnormal X-ray appearances to ED physicians.

Oncoplastic breast surgery - a pictorial classification system for surgeons and radiation oncologists (OPSURGE).

Introduction: Changes to the tumour bed following oncoplastic breast surgery complicate the administration of adjuvant radiotherapy. Consensus guidelines have called for improved interdisciplinary communication to aid adjuvant boost radiotherapy. We propose a framework of tumour bed classification following oncoplastic surgery to enhance understanding and communication between the multidisciplinary breast cancer team and facilitate effective and more precise delivery of adjuvant boost radiotherapy.

Validity of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Evaluating Nerve Damage Following Chemotherapy.

Importance: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a substantial adverse effect of anticancer treatments. As such, the assessment of CIPN remains critically important in both research and clinic settings.

Objective: To compare the validity of various patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with neurophysiological and sensory functional measures as the optimal method of CIPN assessment.

Australian fresh frozen plasma audit: A National Blood Transfusion Committee and Blood Matters collaboration.

Background: There is a paucity of high-quality data to guide appropriate fresh frozen plasma transfusion with current recommendations based on consensus opinion. The limitations of the product and testing modalities are poorly understood with the rare but potentially serious side effects underappreciated. Combined this has resulted in the widespread misuse of FFP.

Guidelines for management of actual or suspected inadvertent intra-arterial injection of sclerosants.

Background: Inadvertent intra-arterial injection of sclerosants is an uncommon adverse event of both ultrasound-guided and direct vision sclerotherapy. This complication can result in significant tissue or limb loss and significant long-term morbidity.

Objectives: To provide recommendations for diagnosis and immediate management of an unintentional intra-arterial injection of sclerosing agents.

Pathological and clinical outcomes following neoadjuvant dual HER2 therapy for early-stage breast cancer: An Australian institutional real-world experience.

Aim: There has been significant progress made in developing novel targeted therapies in the neoadjuvant setting for non-metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, which may be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy to optimise pathological responses at surgery. However, these therapies, particularly the chemotherapeutic components, may portend significant and long-lasting toxicity. Hence, de-escalation of treatment intensity has been an area of interest and was evaluated in the phase II NeoSphere study.

Herpes simplex virus spreads rapidly in human foreskin, partly driven by chemokine-induced redistribution of Nectin-1 on keratinocytes.

HSV infects keratinocytes in the epidermis of skin via nectin-1. We established a human foreskin explant infection model to investigate HSV entry and spread. HSV1 entry could only be achieved by the topical application of virus via high density microarray projections (HD-MAPs) to the epidermis, which penetrated beyond one third of its thickness, simulating in vivo microtrauma.

Utilisation of radiographer comments to reduce errors in the radiology department.

Introduction: Radiographer commenting is a written account of suspected abnormalities identified on medical imaging examinations by the radiographer at the time of image acquisition. Radiographer comments were originally implemented to support emergency clinicians; however, they may also have the potential to support radiologists in reducing missed findings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if a newly implemented radiographer comment system could reduce the number of errors made in radiology reports for general X-rays.

Nonanatomical femoral tunnel positioning in isolated MPFL reconstruction is not associated with an increased risk of patellofemoral osteoarthritis after a minimum follow-up of 10 years.

Purpose: The association between the prevalence of patellofemoral arthritis (PFA) and femoral tunnel positioning following isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLr) has not been well described. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between femoral tunnel positioning and the prevalence of PFA.

Methods: This was a single-centre study of patients undergoing an isolated MPFLr between 2006 and 2011 with a minimum of 10 years of follow-up.