IMI-Global Trends in Myopia Management Attitudes and Strategies in Clinical Practice-2022 Update.

Purpose: Surveys in 2015 and 2019 identified a high level of eye care practitioner concern/activity about myopia, but the majority still prescribed single vision interventions to young myopes. This research aimed to provide updated information.

Methods: A self-administered, internet-based questionnaire was distributed in 13 languages, through professional bodies to eye care practitioners globally.

Accelerating action to reduce anemia: Review of causes and risk factors and related data needs.

Anemia is a major public health concern. Young children, menstruating adolescent girls and women, and pregnant women are among the most vulnerable. Anemia is the consequence of a wide range of causes, including biological, socioeconomic, and ecological risk factors.

Clinical outcomes and quality of life after contemporary isolated coronary bypass grafting: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: The objective of the European Multicenter Registry to Assess Outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients (DuraGraft Registry) was to determine clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) after contemporary CABG that included isolated CABG and combined CABG/valve procedures, using an endothelial damage inhibitor (DuraGraft) intraoperatively for conduit preservation. Here, we report outcomes in the patient cohort undergoing isolated CABG.

Methods: The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), or repeat revascularization (RR) [major adverse cardiac events (MACE)] at 1 year.

Tropifexor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an adaptive, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2a/b trial.

The multimodal activities of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists make this class an attractive option to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The safety and efficacy of tropifexor, an FXR agonist, in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, three-part adaptive design, phase 2 study, in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were therefore assessed. In Parts A + B, 198 patients were randomized to receive tropifexor (10-90 μg) or placebo for 12 weeks.

Baseline Characteristics of Pediatric Patients With Heart Failure Due to Systemic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in the PANORAMA-HF Trial.

Background: Sacubitril/valsartan has been approved for the management of heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction in adults. PANORAMA-HF trial (Prospective Trial to Assess the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Neprilysin Inhibitor LCZ696 Versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor for the Medical Treatment of Pediatric HF) investigated its effects on clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with HF.

Methods: PANORAMA-HF is a multicenter, Phase II/III study using an adaptive, seamless, 2-part design.

Translational opportunities of single-cell biology in atherosclerosis.

The advent of single-cell biology opens a new chapter for understanding human biological processes and for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disease. This revolution now reaches the field of cardiovascular disease (CVD). New technologies to interrogate CVD samples at single-cell resolution are allowing the identification of novel cell communities that are important in shaping disease development and direct towards new therapeutic strategies.

Spectromicroscopy of Nanoscale Materials in the Tender X-Ray Regime Enabled by a High Efficient Multilayer-Based Grating Monochromator.

The combination of near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with nanoscale X-ray imaging is a powerful analytical tool for many applications in energy technologies, catalysis, which are critical to combat climate change, as well as microelectronics and life science. Materials from these scientific areas often contain key elements, such as Si, P, S, Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo as well as lanthanides, whose X-ray absorption edges lie in the so-called tender photon energy range 1.5-5.

Safety and efficacy of atezolizumab with rituximab and CHOP in previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) is the current standard therapy for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and is curative in ∼60% of patients. Atezolizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that targets programmed death-ligand 1 and has previously shown antitumor activity in several tumor types. In a phase 1b/2 trial (NCT02596971), we evaluated the safety and efficacy of atezolizumab in combination with R-CHOP (atezo-R-CHOP; for 6-8 cycles) in patients with previously untreated DLBCL.

An international observational study to assess the impact of the Omicron variant emergence on the clinical epidemiology of COVID-19 in hospitalised patients.

Background: Whilst timely clinical characterisation of infections caused by novel SARS-CoV-2 variants is necessary for evidence-based policy response, individual-level data on infecting variants are typically only available for a minority of patients and settings.

Methods: Here, we propose an innovative approach to study changes in COVID-19 hospital presentation and outcomes after the Omicron variant emergence using publicly available population-level data on variant relative frequency to infer SARS-CoV-2 variants likely responsible for clinical cases. We apply this method to data collected by a large international clinical consortium before and after the emergence of the Omicron variant in different countries.

Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries.

Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry. Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.

Patient-reported outcomes from a randomized trial of neoadjuvant atezolizumab-chemotherapy in early triple-negative breast cancer.

Patient-reported outcomes data assessing patients' experience of immunotherapy treatment burden in potentially curable early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are lacking. These patient-reported data inform clinical benefit and decision-making for adding atezolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage TNBC. IMpassion031 (NCT03197935) randomly assigned patients with stage II/III TNBC (T2-T4d primary tumors) to 5 cycles (4 weeks/cycle) of every 2-week neoadjuvant atezolizumab 840 mg or placebo with weekly nab-paclitaxel (3 cycles) followed by every 2-week dose-dense doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide (2 cycles).

Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18: a geospatial modelling study.

Background: More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed.

Eltrombopag in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Turkey: final analysis of CITE.

CITE was a prospective, noninterventional study in adult patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia treated with eltrombopag under routine clinical care in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Turkey. Data to assess eltrombopag usage, compliance, and outcomes were collected from May 2017 to December 2020. Platelet response was defined as platelet count ≥50 × 103/μL in the absence of rescue medications and splenectomy.

Identification and characterization of a MAPT-targeting locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide therapeutic for tauopathies.

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein (, tau) implicated in the pathogenesis of tauopathies, a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated, aggregated tau. Because tau pathology can be distinct across diseases, a pragmatic therapeutic approach may be to intervene at the level of the tau transcript, as it makes no assumptions to mechanisms of tau toxicity. Here we performed a large library screen of locked-nucleic-acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), where careful tiling of the locus resulted in the identification of hot spots for activity in the 3' UTR.

Randomised controlled trial of the short-term effects of osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate on symptoms and behavioural outcomes in young male prisoners with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: CIAO-II study.

Background: Research has shown that 20-30% of prisoners meet the diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methylphenidate reduces ADHD symptoms, but effects in prisoners are uncertain because of comorbid mental health and substance use disorders.

Aims: To estimate the efficacy of an osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-methylphenidate) in reducing ADHD symptoms in young adult prisoners with ADHD.

Familial Recurrence Patterns in Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries: An International Study.

Background: Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare disease of unknown cause. We aimed to better understand familial recurrence patterns.

Methods: An international, multicentre, retrospective cohort study was conducted in 29 tertiary hospitals in 6 countries between 1990 and 2018, entailing investigation of 1043 unrelated ccTGA probands.

The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier regulates memory T cell differentiation and antitumor function.

Glycolysis, including both lactate fermentation and pyruvate oxidation, orchestrates CD8 T cell differentiation. However, how mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism and uptake controlled by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) impact T cell function and fate remains elusive. We found that genetic deletion of MPC drives CD8 T cell differentiation toward a memory phenotype.

MUC1 (CA27.29) before and after Chemotherapy and Prognosis in High-Risk Early Breast Cancer Patients.

Soluble MUC1 has been discussed as a biomarker for predicting prognosis, treatment efficacy, and monitoring disease activity in breast cancer (BC) patients. Most studies in adjuvant settings have used preoperative assessment. This study, part of the SUCCESS-A trial (NCT02181101), assessed the prognostic value of soluble MUC1 before and after standard adjuvant chemotherapy.

Natural (dihydro)phenanthrene plant compounds are direct activators of AMPK through its allosteric drug and metabolite-binding site.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a central energy sensor that coordinates the response to energy challenges to maintain cellular ATP levels. AMPK is a potential therapeutic target for treating metabolic disorders, and several direct synthetic activators of AMPK have been developed that show promise in preclinical models of type 2 diabetes. These compounds have been shown to regulate AMPK through binding to a novel allosteric drug and metabolite (ADaM)-binding site on AMPK, and it is possible that other molecules might similarly bind this site.