Sex and Gender Considerations in Orthopaedic Research: Existing Barriers, What's Needed by Institutions and Research Departments, and How to Guide Junior Investigators and Faculty.

JBJS convened a symposium to discuss the reporting of sex and gender in research studies as an imperative to improve research methods and results to benefit all patients. Barriers to improved reporting include a lack of societal and cultural acceptance of its need; a lack of education regarding appropriate terminology and appropriate statistical methods and efficient study designs; a need for increased research funding to support larger group sizes; unknown concordance of cell and animal models with humans to reflect biologic variables such as sex; and a lack of understanding of key considerations of gender, race, and other social determinants of health and how these factors intersect. Attention to developing and disseminating best-practice statistical methods and to educating investigators (at all career levels), reviewers, funders, editors, and staff in their proper implementation will aid reporting.

Blood-Based Biomarkers and Risk of Onset of Mild Cognitive Impairment Over the Short and Long Term.

Background And Objectives: Blood-based biomarkers of amyloid and tau have been shown to predict Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia. Much less is known about their ability to predict risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an earlier disease stage. This study examined whether levels of blood biomarkers of amyloid (Aβ/Aβ ratio), tau (p-tau), neurodegeneration (NfL), and glial activation and neuroinflammation (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], YKL40, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 [sTREM2]) collected when participants were cognitively normal are associated with the time to onset of MCI.

SARS-CoV-2 SPIKE Antibody Levels can Indicate Immuno-Resilience to Re-infection: a Real-World Study.

Introduction: The use of antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2, as a method of estimating subsequent infection following infection or vaccination, is unclear. Here, we investigate whether specific levels of antibodies, as markers of adaptive immunity, can serve to estimate the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 (re-) infection.

Methods: In this real-world study, laboratory data from individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies under routine clinical conditions were linked through tokenization to a United States medical insurance claims database to determine the risk of symptomatic/severe SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes.

Tailoring the Reprocessability of Thiol-Ene Networks through Ring Size effects.

Recycling thermosetting materials presents itself as a major challenge in achieving sustainable material use. Dynamic covalent cross-linking of polymers has emerged as a viable solution that can combine the structural integrity of thermosetting materials with the (re-)processability of thermoplastics. Thioether linkages between polymer chains are quite common, and their use dates back to the vulcanization of rubbers.

Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome caused by a cervical rib: a combined thoracoscopic and supraclavicular approach for "en bloc"-resection.

A cervical rib is the cause of about 5% of thoracic outlet syndromes (TOS). We report the case of a patient with arterial TOS due to the presence of a cervical rib, managed by combined thoracoscopic and supraclavicular approach. An 18 years old female patient presented with symptoms of arterial TOS.

Targeted Activation of Programmed Cell Death Pathways by Optogenetics.

Regulated cell death is an important biological process by which an organism removes unwanted, malignant, or infected cells. Although it has become clear that different forms of regulated cell death exist, it remains difficult to compare their consequences at the cellular and tissue level as they are induced by different stimuli and proceed with different kinetics. Moreover, it was so far difficult to target and induce cell death in selected cells within cell populations or complex tissues without affecting its neighbors.

Is there any role for an atrial septal defect in off-loading a orderline left ventricle?

A_small_ASD_with right-to-left shunt is useful for off-loading a dysfunctional right ventricle postoperatively. However, an ASD with left-to-right shunt may not be as useful for a dysfunctional left ventricle. Experimental data is limited at present.

Treatments and Treatment Predictors in Patients With Substance Use Disorders and Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: First Results From the International Naturalistic Cohort Study of ADHD and SUD (INCAS).

Treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with a substance use disorder (SUD) and comorbid ADHD (SUD +ADHD) may have positive effects on the outcome of both conditions, but controversy exists regarding the preferred ADHD treatment in these patients. Little is known about the treatments that are provided for these patients in routine addiction care practice and the factors that are associated with treatment provision. To describe the treatments provided in everyday clinical practice and to explore factors associated with ADHD treatment provision in patients with SUD +ADHD.

Estimating the proportion of beneficial mutations that are not adaptive in mammals.

Mutations can be beneficial by bringing innovation to their bearer, allowing them to adapt to environmental change. These mutations are typically unpredictable since they respond to an unforeseen change in the environment. However, mutations can also be beneficial because they are simply restoring a state of higher fitness that was lost due to genetic drift in a stable environment.

Resuscitation in Paediatric Septic Shock Using Vitamin C and Hydrocortisone (RESPOND): The RESPOND Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.

Objectives: Pediatric sepsis results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is an urgent need to investigate adjunctive therapies that can be administered early. We hypothesize that using vitamin C combined with hydrocortisone increases survival free of inotropes/vasopressors support until day 7 compared with standard care.

TKK130 is a 3-Hydroxy-Propanamidine (HPA) with Potent Antimalarial Activity and a High Barrier to Resistance.

Malaria continues to pose a significant burden on populations in endemic areas and requires innovative treatment options. Here, we report the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of the novel 3-hydroxypropanamidine (HPA) , which shows excellent antiplasmodial activity against drug-sensitive and -resistant strains. Moreover, in various human cell lines, the compound shows no cytotoxicity and excellent parasite selectivity.

Can the large language model ChatGPT-4omni predict outcomes in adult patients with status epilepticus?

Objective: Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained attention for clinical decision-making and diagnosis. This study evaluates the performance of the recently updated LLM (ChatGPT-4o) in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with status epilepticus and compares its prognostic performance to the Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS).

Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study was performed at the University Hospital Basel (tertiary academic medical center) from January 2005 to December 2022.

Psychometric properties of the revised quality of nursing diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes instrument: A validation study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the revised quality of nursing diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes (Q-DIO R) instrument, designed to measure the quality of nursing documentation, in an Italian healthcare setting.

Methods: The study followed a multi-phase validation process that included translation and cultural adaptation of the tool, expert evaluations to assess content and face validity, and a cross-sectional study to test reliability. Data were collected from nursing documentation in two hospitals in northern Italy, with 389 patient plans analyzed.

Prognostic Relevance of Relative Ellipsoid Zone Reflectivity for Ellipsoid Zone Loss in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2.

Purpose: The relative ellipsoid zone reflectivity (rEZR) is an innovative biomarker for photoreceptor alterations and showed association with disease staging in macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel). However, its prognostic relevance for the ellipsoid zone (EZ) loss is unclear.

Methods: Longitudinal spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging of patients with MacTel from an observational natural history study was used for en face determination of manifest EZ loss.

Bone Regeneration After Sinus Floor Elevation in an Intact Sinus or a Sinus With Prior Large Membrane Perforation: A Preclinical Study Using a Rabbit Sinus Model.

Aim: To determine bone regeneration following sinus floor elevation (SFE) at sites with or without prior sinus membrane perforation.

Materials And Methods: The sinus membranes in the maxillary sinuses of 12 rabbits were intentionally perforated (≥ 5 mm) on one side, followed by application of a collagen matrix. SFE was performed on both sinuses after 8 weeks of healing, presenting two groups: SFE with a previous large sinus membrane perforation (group SFE_Perf), and in an intact sinus (group SFE).

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of meropenem and fosfomycin combinations in in vitro time-kill and hollow-fibre infection models against multidrug-resistant and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: MDR Gram-negative bacteria, such as ESBL-producing and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, represent major global health threats. Treatment options are limited due to increasing resistance and slowed development of novel antimicrobials, making it necessary to apply effective combination therapies based on approved antibiotics.

Objectives: To quantitatively evaluate the synergistic potential of meropenem and fosfomycin against carbapenem-resistant K.

Elevated Toxicity and High-Risk Impacts of Small Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Clusters on Microbes Compared to Large Clusters.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread contaminants that can accumulate in microorganisms, posing significant ecological risks. While previous studies primarily focused on PAH concentrations, the impacts of PAH self-clustering have been largely overlooked, which will lead to inaccurate assessments of their ecological risks. This study evaluates the toxic effects of four prevalent PAH clusters on microbes with an emphasis on comparing the cluster sizes.

Genotype-Guided Asthma Treatment Reduces Exacerbations in Children: Meta-Analysis of Two RCTs.

Background: Long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) in combination with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are commonly used to treat asthma, however, some children lack response to the addition of LABA. This might be partially due to the presence of the Arg16Gly polymorphism, encoded by rs1042713 G>A in the ADRB2 gene. Carrying the A allele (Arg16) at this variant has been associated with an increased risk of exacerbations despite LABA treatment.

The Once and Future Fish: Assessing a Millennium of Atlantic Herring Exploitation Through Mixed-Stock Analysis and Ancient DNA.

Small pelagic fish support profitable fisheries and are important for food security around the world. Yet, their sustainable management can be hindered by the indiscriminate impacts of simultaneous exploitation of fish from multiple distinct biological populations over extended periods of time. The quantification of such impacts is greatly facilitated by recently developed molecular tools-including diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels for mixed-stock analysis (MSA)-that can accurately detect the population identity of individual fish.

Evaluation of ATR-FTIR, HPLC-DAD, GC-MS, and GC-IR for the Analysis of 145 Street Drug Samples From Drug Checking Services.

Drug checking services (DCS) are entities that allow recreational drug users to have street drug samples analyzed. Diverse analytical methods are applied for DCS, ranging from test strips to mass spectrometry (MS). This work evaluates the performance and utility of common methodologies used for DCS operating with off-site drug testing, while additionally assessing the potential of gas chromatography coupled to vapor phase infrared spectroscopy (GC-IR).

The role of vorasidenib in the treatment of isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant glioma.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors in young adults. This condition imposes a substantial burden on patients and their caregivers, marked by neurocognitive deficits and high mortality rates due to tumor progression, coupled with significant morbidity from current treatment modalities. Although surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy improve survival, these treatments can adversely affect cognitive function, quality of life, finances, employment status, and overall independence.

Light Environment of Arctic Solstices is Coupled With Melatonin Phase-Amplitude Changes and Decline of Metabolic Health.

Light environment in the Arctic differs widely with the seasons. Studies of relationships between objectively measured circadian phase and amplitude of light exposure and melatonin in community-dwelling Arctic residents are lacking. This investigation combines cross-sectional (n = 24-62) and longitudinal (n = 13-27) data from week-long actigraphy (with light sensor), 24-h salivary melatonin profiles, and proxies of metabolic health.

Corrigendum: Social cognition in adult ADHD: a systematic review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.