Closing the gaps in the access to quality-assured medicines for global health: the case for oxytocin for postpartum hemorrhage.

Introduction: Access to quality-assured medicines remains unequal between high-income and low-income countries. To bridge this gap, product development and supply in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) should follow World Health Organization (WHO)'s policies and recommendations whilst aligning with international standards.

Areas Covered: We reviewed two cases of oxytocin access for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), a condition that disproportionately affects mothers in low-income countries.

The Use of MPS in Three Rs and Regulatory Applications: Perspectives From Developers on Stakeholder Responsibilities.

Increasing the use of microphysiological systems (MPS) in Three Rs and regulatory applications is a nuanced but important goal, which would also help increase their scientific impact. There are three distinct and important stakeholder groups that each play a unique role in expediting the use of MPS for regulatory purpose - namely, commercial MPS developers, end-users and regulators. Additionally, non-profit organisations, such as the 3Rs Collaborative (3RsC), can help coordinate these efforts.

RM Pressfit vitamys: the 10-year follow-up.

Introduction: The RM Pressfit vitamys is an uncemented, titanium particle-coated, isoelastic monoblock cup made of vitamin E blended highly cross-linked polyethylene. We addressed the following questions: (1) What are the clinical and (2) radiographic outcomes 10 years after implantation? (3) What is the revision rate?

Methods: In this prospective observational study in a tertiary care centre we investigated all consecutive cases of total hip replacement with the RM Pressfit vitamys cup between September 2009 and November 2011. It was implanted in 162 hips, 49.

Fish reproductive phenology shifts with increasing temperature and year.

Temperate fishes often spawn in response to environmental cues, such as temperature, thereby facilitating larval emergence concurrent with suitable biotic and abiotic conditions, such as plankton blooms. Climatic changes may alter the reproductive phenology of spring- and autumn-spawning freshwater fish populations. Such effects may depend on the sensitivity of reproductive phenology to ambient temperatures.

Two-year clinical performance of an alkasite direct restorative material in Class I and II cavities without using an adhesive resin: A prospective single-arm clinical trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical performance of an alkasite material for Class I and Class II cavities.

Methods: 50 subjects (30 females, 20 males; mean age: 28.7) referred to the Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medipol University, Dental School, Istanbul, Turkey, received 89 Class I and II restorations (Cention N) by two trained operators.

Transmission of unfolded protein response-a regulator of disease progression, severity, and spread in virus infections.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cell-autonomous stress response aimed at restoring homeostasis due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Viruses often hijack the host cell machinery, leading to an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. The cell-autonomous UPR is the immediate response of an infected cell to this stress, aiming to restore normal function by halting protein translation, degrading misfolded proteins, and activating signaling pathways that increase the production of molecular chaperones.

High-frequency epidural electrical stimulation reduces spasticity and facilitates walking recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe motor and sensory deficits, and there are currently no approved treatments for recovery. Nearly 70% of patients with SCI experience pathological muscle cocontraction and spasticity, accompanied by clinical signs such as patellar hyperreflexia and ankle clonus. The integration of epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord with rehabilitation has substantial potential to improve recovery of motor functions; however, abnormal muscle cocontraction and spasticity may limit the benefit of these interventions and hinder the effectiveness of EES in promoting functional movements.

Photo- and Cobalt-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Unsaturated Guanidines, (Iso-)Ureas, and Carbonates.

We report intramolecular photocatalyzed cycloisomerization of unactivated olefins with pendant nucleophiles. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and utilizes guanidines, ureas, isoureas, isothioureas, and carbonates to yield several different five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles. Use of benzothiazinoquinoxaline as an organophotocatalyst and cobalt-salen catalyst obviates the need for a stoichiometric oxidant or reductant.

Plasticity of human resilience mechanisms.

The hippocampus's vulnerability to trauma-induced stress can lead to pathophysiological disturbances that precipitate the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The mechanisms of resilience that foster remission and mitigate the adverse effects of stress remain unknown. We analyzed the evolution of hippocampal morphology between 2016/2017 and 2018/2019, as well as the memory control mechanisms crucial for trauma resilience.

Distance and Voltage Dependence of Orbital Density Imaging Using a CO-Functionalized Tip in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.

The appearance of frontier molecular ion resonances measured with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)─often referred to as orbital density images─of single molecules was investigated using a CO-functionalized tip in dependence on bias voltage and tip-sample distance. As model systems, we studied pentacene and naphthalocyanine on bilayer NaCl on Cu(111). Absolute tip-sample distances were determined by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Enhanced Reaction Kinetics in Stationary Two-Phase Flow through Porous Media.

Understanding the interaction between multiphase flow and reactive transport in porous media is critical for many environmental and industrial applications. When a nonwetting immiscible phase is present within the pore space, it can remain immobile, which we call unsaturated flow, or move, resulting in multiphase flow. Previous studies under unsaturated flow conditions have shown that, for a given flow rate, the product of a mixing-driven reaction increases as wetting phase saturation decreases.

Air and Thermally Stable Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ruthenium Complexes for Efficient Ring Expansion Metathesis Polymerization.

Ring expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) has emerged as a potent strategy for obtaining cyclic polymers over the past two decades. The scope of monomers, however, remains limited due to the poor functional group tolerance and stability of the catalyst, necessitating a rational catalyst design to address this constraint. Here, we present ruthenium complexes featuring tethered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligands for REMP, aiming to deepen our understanding of the structure-property relationship in newly designed catalysts.

Successful Management of Acetamiprid Intoxication in a Captive Eurasian Goshawk ().

A captive, 1-year-old, male Eurasian goshawk () weighing 0.85 kg and owned by a falconer was presented with a history of acute onset of weakness, dyspnea, diarrhea, and regurgitation of a fresh-thawed pigeon contaminated with acetamiprid, an insecticide used in the raptor enclosure. The raptor had eaten the contaminated pigeon approximately 10-12 hours earlier.

A Perspective on the MARS2 Trial.

Introduction: The phase 3 randomized controlled trial of extended pleurectomy decortication and chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for pleural mesothelioma (PM) (MARS2) reported "extended pleurectomy decortication was associated with worse survival to 2 years, and more serious adverse events for individuals with resectable PM, compared with chemotherapy alone." These results have led to considerable discourse regarding the future role of surgery for PM, and there has not been unanimity in the mesothelioma surgical community regarding the trial interpretation. This "perspective" evaluates MARS2 using internationally renowned PM experts who either agreed with the trial interpretation or who found issues with its conduct which may have influenced the results.

A Global Collaborative Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Antigenicity Across 15 Laboratories.

Setting up a global SARS-CoV-2 surveillance system requires an understanding of how virus isolation and propagation practices, use of animal or human sera, and different neutralisation assay platforms influence assessment of SARS-CoV-2 antigenicity. In this study, with the contribution of 15 independent laboratories across all WHO regions, we carried out a controlled analysis of neutralisation assay platforms using the first WHO International Standard for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (source: NIBSC). Live virus isolates (source: WHO BioHub or individual labs) or spike plasmids (individual labs) for pseudovirus production were used to perform neutralisation assays using the same serum panels.

Phlorotannin-Rich Seaweed Extract Inhibits Influenza Infection.

Seaweed-derived compounds are a renewable resource utilised in the manufacturing and food industry. This study focuses on an enriched seaweed extract (ESE) isolated from The ESE was screened for antiviral activity by plaque reduction assays against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 (PR8), A/X-31 H3N2 (X31) and A/England/195/2009 H1N1 (Eng195), resulting in the complete inhibition of infection. Time of addition assays and FACS analysis were used to help determine the modes of action.

The Pestivirus RNase E Tames the Interferon Response of the Respiratory Epithelium.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus in the family , is a major livestock pathogen. Horizontal transmission leads to acute transient infections via the oronasal route, whereas vertical transmission might lead to the birth of immunotolerant, persistently infected animals. In both cases, BVDV exerts an immunosuppressive effect, predisposing infected animals to secondary infections.

Assessment of Favipiravir and Remdesivir in Combination for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Syrian Golden Hamsters.

Favipiravir (FVP) and remdesivir (RDV) have demonstrable antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Here, the efficacy of FVP, RDV, and FVP with RDV (FVP + RDV) in combination was assessed in Syrian golden hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV- 2 (B.1.

Comparative Evaluation of Open-Source Bioinformatics Pipelines for Full-Length Viral Genome Assembly.

The increasingly widespread application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical diagnostics and epidemiological research has generated a demand for robust, fast, automated, and user-friendly bioinformatics workflows. To guide the choice of tools for the assembly of full-length viral genomes from NGS datasets, we assessed the performance and applicability of four open-source bioinformatics pipelines (shiver-for which we created a user-friendly Dockerized version, referred to as dshiver; SmaltAlign; viral-ngs; and V-pipe) using both simulated and real-world HIV-1 paired-end short-read datasets and default settings. All four pipelines produced consensus genome assemblies with high quality metrics (genome fraction recovery, mismatch and indel rates, variant calling F1 scores) when the reference sequence used for assembly had high similarity to the analyzed sample.

Boosting Vaccine Research: The 16-Year Journey of TRANSVAC Vaccine Infrastructure.

TRANSVAC represents a long-running effort to accelerate the development of novel vaccines by integrating institutions from across Europe under a single collaborative framework. This initiative has empowered the global vaccine community since 2009 including contributing toward the development and optimization of vaccine candidates as well as the provision of new adjuvants, research protocols, and technologies. Scientific services were provided in support of 88 different vaccine development projects, and 400 professionals attended TRANSVAC training events on various vaccine-related topics.

Challenges and Opportunities for Adult Vaccine Coverage: Insights for Healthcare Professionals Focusing on Herpes Zoster in Mexico.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common disease in older adults and immunocompromised patients, and is frequently associated with long-term complications that impact quality of life. Fortunately, more than one vaccine against HZ is now available in Mexico. Two expert consensus groups discussed adult vaccination strategies in Mexico, focusing on HZ in older adults and immunocompromised individuals; their insights are reported here.

Scoping Review of Current Costing Literature on Interventions to Reach Zero-Dose Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

A limited number of studies focus on estimating the costs of interventions to increase childhood immunization coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Existing reviews often compare estimated costs but lack information on the methods used. The objective of this review is to summarize the methods used in costing studies that assessed interventions to reach zero-dose (ZD) children.

Improving Childhood Immunization Service Delivery in Cameroon: A Synthesis of Caregiver Experiences and Recommendations.

Background/objectives: A "people-centered" approach is one of the core principles of the Immunization Agenda (IA) 2030 and emphasizes the need for services to be organized around the needs and expectations of individuals and the community. A better understanding of the immunization experience from the client's perspective is key to guiding the design of policies and interventions aimed at improving immunization delivery and coverage. This study provides a synthesis of the immunization experiences of children's caregivers in Cameroon, highlighting potential barriers for timely and complete immunization.

Reaching Forest Workers with Yellow Fever Vaccine Through Engagement of the Private Sector in Central African Republic.

: Yellow fever (YF) outbreaks continue to affect populations that are not reached by routine immunization services, such as workers at a high risk of occupational exposure to YF. In the Central African Republic (CAR), YF cases were detected in districts characterized by the presence of workers in forest areas. We developed an innovative approach based on a local partnership with private companies of the extractive industry to administer YF vaccine to workers in remote areas during the response to an outbreak.

Stakeholder Consultation Workshop on the Perceived Value of Thermostable Vaccines to Relieve Program Barriers: A Case Study from Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: Persistent inequities in access to vaccinations pose challenges for immunization programs worldwide. Innovations facilitating vaccine delivery, such as leveraging vaccine thermostability through a Controlled Temperature Chain (CTC), have emerged as a potential solution to increase coverage in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) countries such as Côte d'Ivoire, reducing dependence on the cold chain and improving vaccine delivery efficiency. However, the added value of thermostable vaccines and their integration into national immunization programs is under-recognized by stakeholders.