The association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and parental mental health in the first years after birth - Cross-sectional results from the SKKIPPI project.

Background: The urban environment can influence mental health. However, research on neighbourhood influences on mental health of parents with young children is sparse. This study aimed to analyse the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health outcomes in urban parents in the first years after birth.

Engineering Spin Interaction Channels of FePc on Au(111).

We demonstrate the reversible control of interactions between a local molecular spin, hosted within an iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecule, and the conduction electrons of a supporting Au(111) surface. Using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, we deliberately and reversibly manipulate the adsorption configuration of the molecule relative to the underlying substrate lattice. Different rotation configurations lead to noticeable changes in the differential conductance measured on the FePc molecules.

Balancing central control and sensory feedback produces adaptable and robust locomotor patterns in a spiking, neuromechanical model of the salamander spinal cord.

This study introduces a novel neuromechanical model employing a detailed spiking neural network to explore the role of axial proprioceptive sensory feedback, namely stretch feedback, in salamander locomotion. Unlike previous studies that often oversimplified the dynamics of the locomotor networks, our model includes detailed simulations of the classes of neurons that are considered responsible for generating movement patterns. The locomotor circuits, modeled as a spiking neural network of adaptive leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, are coupled to a three-dimensional mechanical model of a salamander with realistic physical parameters and simulated muscles.

Assessing bnAb potency in the context of HIV-1 envelope conformational plasticity.

For use in prevention and treatment, HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have to overcome Env conformational heterogeneity of viral quasispecies and neutralize with constant high potency. Comparative analysis of neutralization data from the CATNAP database revealed a nuanced relationship between bnAb activity and Env conformational flexibility, with substantial epitope-specific variation of bnAb potency ranging from increased to decreased activity against open, neutralization-sensitive Env. To systematically investigate the impact of variability in Env conformation on bnAb potency we screened 126 JR-CSF point mutants for generalized neutralization sensitivity to weakly neutralizing antibodies (weak-nAbs) depending on trimer opening and plasma from people with chronic HIV-1 infection.

Daphnids can safeguard the use of alternative bioassays to the acute fish toxicity test: A focus on neurotoxicity.

Assessment of potential impacts of chemicals on the environment traditionally involves regulatory standard data requirements for acute aquatic toxicity testing using algae, daphnids and fish (e.g., OECD test guidelines (TG) 201, 202, and 203, respectively), representing different trophic levels.

Viral and immune dynamics of genital human papillomavirus infections in young women with high temporal resolution.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections drive one in 20 new cancer cases, exerting a particularly high burden on women. Most anogenital HPV infections are cleared in less than two years, but the underlying mechanisms that favour persistence in around 10% of women remain largely unknown. Notwithstanding, it is precisely this information that is crucial for improving treatment, screening, and vaccination strategies.

RAVE checklist: Recommendations for overcoming challenges in retrospective safety studies of automated driving systems.

Objective: The public, regulators, and domain experts alike seek to understand the effect of deployed SAE level 4 automated driving system (ADS) technologies on safety. The recent expansion of ADS technology deployments is paving the way for early stage safety impact evaluations, whereby the observational data from both an ADS and a representative benchmark fleet are compared to quantify safety performance.

Methods: In January 2024; a working group of experts across academia, insurance, and industry came together in Washington, DC to discuss the current and future challenges in performing such evaluations.

The Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Thick Ascending Limb and the Renal Response to Hypercalcemia.

Background: The parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) controls the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to changes in serum calcium levels. Activation of the renal CASR increases urinary calcium excretion and is particularly important when CASR-dependent reductions in PTH fail to lower serum calcium. However, the role of the renal CASR in protecting against hypercalcemia and the direct effects of chronic CASR activation on tubular calcium handling remains to be fully elucidated.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Orvacabtagene Autoleucel, an Autologous BCMA-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Product, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Purpose: Orvacabtagene autoleucel (orva-cel; JCARH125), a CAR T-cell therapy targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), was evaluated in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients in the EVOLVE phase 1/2 study (NCT03430011). We applied a modified piecewise model to characterize orva-cel transgene kinetics and assessed the impact of various covariates on its pharmacokinetics (PK).

Experimental Design: The population PK analysis included 159 patients from the EVOLVE study.

Clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients initiated on molnupiravir in Denmark - A national registry study.

Background: Molnupiravir (MOV) is an orally bioavailable ribonucleoside with antiviral activity against all tested SARS-CoV-2 variants. We describe the demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of non-hospitalized Danish patients treated with MOV and their clinical outcomes following MOV initiation.

Method: Among all adults (>18 years) who received MOV between 16 December 2021 and 30 April 2022 in an outpatient setting in Denmark, we summarized their demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline and post-MOV outcomes using descriptive statistics.

The Italian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire: validation of its measurement properties.

Background: Surgical fear is present in many patients awaiting surgery. However, a validated Italian version of the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ) was not available yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to translate the SFQ into Italian and to test its reliability and validity.

Autoencoder based data clustering for identifying anomalous repetitive hand movements, and behavioral transition patterns in children.

The analysis of repetitive hand movements and behavioral transition patterns holds particular significance in detecting atypical behaviors in early child development. Early recognition of these behaviors holds immense promise for timely interventions, which can profoundly impact a child's well-being and future prospects. However, the scarcity of specialized medical professionals and limited facilities has made detecting these behaviors and unique patterns challenging using traditional manual methods.

Self-sufficient biocatalytic cascade for the continuous synthesis of danshensu in flow.

A new strategy has been developed to successfully produce the active component danshensu ex vivo. For this purpose, phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus sphaericus was combined with the novel hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase from Mentha x piperita, thereby providing an in situ cofactor regeneration throughout the conversion process. The purified enzymes were co-immobilized and subsequently employed in batch biotransformation, resulting in 60% conversion of 10 mM L-dopa within 24 h, with a catalytic amount of NAD as cofactor.

Bidirectional associations between smartphone usage and momentary well-being in young adults: Tackling methodological challenges by combining experience sampling methods with passive smartphone data.

Given the pervasive role of smartphones in modern life, research into their impact on well-being has flourished. This study addresses existing methodological shortcomings using smartphone log data and experience sampling methods (ESM) to explore the bidirectional within-person relationship between smartphone usage and momentary well-being variables (i.e.

Endovascular versus Best Medical Treatment for Acute Carotid Occlusion BelOw Circle of Willis (ACOBOW): The ACOBOW Study.

Background Symptomatic acute occlusions of the internal carotid artery (ICA) below the circle of Willis can cause a variety of stroke symptoms, even if the major intracranial cerebral arteries remain patent; however, outcome and safety data are limited. Purpose To compare treatment effects and procedural safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) and best medical treatment (BMT) in patients with symptomatic acute occlusions of the ICA below the circle of Willis. Materials and Methods This retrospective, multicenter cohort study from 22 comprehensive stroke centers in Europe and Asia includes patients treated between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2022.

Contrast-enhanced US of High-Risk Indeterminate Focal Liver Observations Categorized as LR-4 or LR-M at CT/MRI.

Background Indeterminate focal liver observations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may require invasive biopsy or follow-up, which could lead to delays in definitive categorization and to postponement of treatment. Purpose To examine clinical effect of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) in participants with high-risk indeterminate liver observations categorized as Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category LR-4 (probably HCC) or LI-RADS category LR-M (probably or definitely malignant but not HCC specific) at CT or MRI. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of a prospective international multicenter validation study for CEUS LI-RADS (January 2018 to August 2021).

Patient and public involvement in academic clinical research in Switzerland - a mixed methods study.

Background: While patient and public involvement (PPI) in clinical research contributes substantially to research ethics, feasibility and quality, the uptake and implementation of PPI-based approaches in Switzerland remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the current state and acceptance of PPI in academic clinical research in Switzerland, with the goal of developing recommendations for its future implementation and development.

Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted to assess the current landscape and acceptance of PPI in academic clinical research across different stakeholder groups in Switzerland.

Improving sex and gender equity in research protocols: the new SAGER-swissethics recommendations.

No abstract available.

Self-reported perceptions of adults with diabetes regarding their care and health in the time of COVID-19 pandemic in a Swiss region: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: To assess the perceptions of adults with diabetes regarding their care and health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

Methods: Cross-sectional data was analysed from the 2021 follow-up questionnaire of the CoDiab-VD survey, a cohort of adults living with diabetes in the canton of Vaud. Various aspects of diabetes care and issues relating to the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed.

Advancements in lung cancer: a comprehensive perspective on diagnosis, staging, therapy and follow-up from the SAKK Working Group on Imaging in Diagnosis and Therapy Monitoring.

In 2015, around 4400 individuals received a diagnosis of lung cancer, and Switzerland recorded approximately 3200 deaths related to lung cancer. Advances in detection, such as lung cancer screening and improved treatments, have led to increased identification of early-stage lung cancer and higher chances of long-term survival. This progress has introduced new considerations in imaging, emphasising non-invasive diagnosis and characterisation techniques like radiomics.

Sociodemographic and regional differences in neonatal and infant mortality in Switzerland in 2011-2018: the Swiss National Cohort.

Background And Aims: Despite a well-funded healthcare system with universal insurance coverage, Switzerland has one of the highest neonatal and infant mortality rates among high-income countries. Identifying avoidable risk factors targeted by evidence-based policies is a public health priority. We describe neonatal and infant mortality in Switzerland from 2011 to 2018 and explore associations with neonatal- and pregnancy-related variables, parental sociodemographic information, regional factors and socioeconomic position (SEP) using data from a long-term nationwide cohort study.

The year of a leaf: Tracking the fate of leaf litter and its nutrients during aquatic decomposition and consumption.

Temperate streams are subsidized by inputs of leaf litter peaking in fall. Yet, stream communities decompose dead leaves and integrate their energy into the aquatic food web throughout the whole year. Most studies investigating stream decomposition largely overlook long-term trajectories, which must be understood for an appropriate temporal upscaling of ecosystem processes.

Economic evaluation in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the Swiss healthcare system: a retrospective cost evaluation.

The choice of modality of treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms is based on various clinical aspects and the patient's preference. Financial considerations should not be among these. To evaluate any financial variations between endovascular and microsurgical treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the Swiss healthcare system, we retrospectively reviewed 100 consecutive aneurysm cases treated as inpatients in our institution.