Natural variations of adolescent neurogenesis and anxiety predict the hierarchical status of adult inbred mice.

Hierarchy provides a survival advantage to social animals in challenging circumstances. In mice, social dominance is associated with trait anxiety which is regulated by adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we test whether adolescent hippocampal neurogenesis may regulate social dominance behavior in adulthood.

Wound Segmentation with U-Net Using a Dual Attention Mechanism and Transfer Learning.

Accurate wound segmentation is crucial for the precise diagnosis and treatment of various skin conditions through image analysis. In this paper, we introduce a novel dual attention U-Net model designed for precise wound segmentation. Our proposed architecture integrates two widely used deep learning models, VGG16 and U-Net, incorporating dual attention mechanisms to focus on relevant regions within the wound area.

Design features of the rotating head total hip arthroplasty by Weber-Huggler- a forgotten technical solution to reduce wear.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a very successful operation. Once the problem of implant fixation was solved with the use of bone cement, the next development steps focused on improving the bearing. Weber, a Swiss surgeon, introduced the first modular heads in THA.

Early-phase F-Flortaucipir tau-PET as a proxy of brain metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: a comparison with F-FDG-PET and early-phase amyloid-PET.

Purpose: As dual-phase amyloid-PET can evaluate amyloid (A) and neurodegeneration (N) with a single tracer injection, dual-phase tau-PET might be able to provide both tau (T) and N. Our study aims to assess the association of early-phase tau-PET scans and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and their comparability in discriminating Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and differentiating neurodegenerative patterns.

Methods: 58 subjects evaluated at the Geneva Memory Center underwent dual-phase F-Flortaucipir-PET with early-phase acquisition (eTAU) and F-FDG-PET within 1 year.

Computational design of highly signalling-active membrane receptors through solvent-mediated allosteric networks.

Protein catalysis and allostery require the atomic-level orchestration and motion of residues and ligand, solvent and protein effector molecules. However, the ability to design protein activity through precise protein-solvent cooperative interactions has not yet been demonstrated. Here we report the design of 14 membrane receptors that catalyse G protein nucleotide exchange through diverse engineered allosteric pathways mediated by cooperative networks of intraprotein, protein-ligand and -solvent molecule interactions.

Associations of inferior frontal sulcal hyperintensities on brain MRI with cerebral small vessel disease, cognitive function, and depression symptoms.

Inferior frontal sulcal hyperintensities (IFSH) observed on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI have been proposed as indicators of elevated cerebrospinal fluid waste accumulation in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). However, to validate IFSH as a reliable imaging biomarker, further replication studies are required. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between IFSH and CSVD, and their potential repercussions, i.

Increased overwintering temperature reduces reproductive success of the solitary bee species Osmia bicornis.

Solitary wild bees play a key role as pollinators of wild plants and crops, but they are increasingly at risk from anthropogenic global change, such as climate warming. However, how warmer temperature during overwintering affects reproductive success of those bees remains largely unknown. In a semi-field experiment we assessed individual life-long reproductive success of 144 females of the solitary bee species Osmia bicornis that had been wintered at three different temperatures.

A de novo, mosaic and complex chromosome 21 rearrangement causes APP triplication and familial autosomal dominant early onset Alzheimer disease.

Copy number variation (CNV) of the amyloid-β precursor protein gene (APP) is a known cause of autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD), but de novo genetic variants causing ADAD are rare. We report a mother and daughter with neuropathologically confirmed definite Alzheimer disease (AD) and extensive cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Copy number analysis identified an increased number of APP copies and genome sequencing (GS) revealed the underlying complex genomic rearrangement (CGR) including a triplication of APP with two unique breakpoint junctions (BPJs).

Nephrectomy in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A consensus statement of the ERA Genes & Kidney Working Group.

A substantial number of patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) undergo a nephrectomy, especially in work-up for a kidney transplantation. Currently, there is no evidence-based algorithm to guide clinicians which patients should undergo nephrectomy, the optimal timing of this procedure, or the preferred surgical technique. This systematic review-based consensus statement aimed to answer important questions regarding nephrectomy in ADPKD.

Physical activity, cathepsin B, and cognitive health.

Regular physical activity (PA) is beneficial for cognitive health, and cathepsin B (CTSB) - a protease released by skeletal muscle during PA - acts as a potential molecular mediator of this association. PA-induced metabolic and mechanical stress appears to increase plasma/serum CTSB levels. CTSB facilitates neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in brain regions (e.

Heterogeneity of the Treatment Effect with PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Living Interactive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Selection of patients harboring mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes for treatment with a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) is challenging in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To gain further insight, we quantitatively assessed the differential efficacy of PARPi therapy among patients with mCRPC and different HRR gene mutations.

Methods: This living meta-analysis (LMA) was conducted using the Living Interactive Evidence synthesis framework.

Beyond Anesthesia: A Mini Review of Virtual Reality as an Adjunct in Urological Procedures.

For selected endourological interventions, local anesthesia provides an alternative to general anesthesia and can avoid complications and reduce turnover times and health care costs. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising nonpharmacological adjunct with potential to improve local anesthesia tolerability. This mini-review examines the role of VR during urological procedures under local anesthesia.

Perceived financial hardship and sleep in an adult population-based cohort: The mediating role of psychosocial and lifestyle-related factors.

Background: Social inequalities in sleep have been reported, but there is less research on the mechanisms underlying this association. This study investigates the relationship between financial hardship and sleep within the general adult population, focusing on the mediating effects of psychosocial and lifestyle-related factors.

Methods: We used data from the Specchio cohort, a population-based study in Geneva, Switzerland, initiated in December 2020.

Advanced Distance-Resolved Evaluation of the Perienhancing Tumor Areas with FLAIR Hyperintensity Indicates Different ADC Profiles by Promoter Methylation Status in Glioblastoma.

Background And Purpose: Whether differences in the O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase () promoter methylation status of glioblastoma (GBM) are reflected in MRI markers remains largely unknown. In this work, we analyze the ADC in the perienhancing infiltration zone of GBM according to the corresponding status by using a novel distance-resolved 3D evaluation.

Materials And Methods: One hundred one patients with wild-type GBM were retrospectively analyzed.

Computational Nuclear Oncology Toward Precision Radiopharmaceutical Therapies: Ethical, Regulatory, and Socioeconomic Dimensions of Theranostic Digital Twins.

Computational nuclear oncology for precision radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is a new frontier for theranostic treatment personalization. A key strategy relies on the possibility to incorporate clinical, biomarker, image-based, and dosimetric information in theranostic digital twins (TDTs) of patients to move beyond a one-size-fits-all approach. The TDT framework enables treatment optimization by real-time monitoring of the real-world system, simulation of different treatment scenarios, and prediction of resulting treatment outcomes, as well as facilitating collaboration and knowledge sharing among health care professionals adopting a harmonized TDT.

Lactational performance effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol supplementation to dairy cows: A meta-regression.

A meta-regression was conducted to determine the production effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and investigate their associations with dose, dietary nutrient composition, and supplementation length in dairy cows. Forty treatment and control mean comparisons extracted from 21 studies conducted or published between 2014 to 2024 were used in the meta-regression. Response variables were DMI, milk yield (MY), ECM yield, ECM feed efficiency, BW, BW change, and concentrations of milk fat, true protein, lactose, and MUN.

KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation, management, and treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): executive summary.

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2025 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation, Management, and Treatment of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) represents the first KDIGO guideline on this subject. Its scope includes nomenclature, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevalence; kidney manifestations; chronic kidney disease (CKD) management and progression, kidney failure, and kidney replacement therapy; therapies to delay progression of kidney disease; polycystic liver disease; intracranial aneurysms and other extrarenal manifestations; lifestyle and psychosocial aspects; pregnancy and reproductive issues; pediatric issues; and approaches to the management of people with ADPKD. The guideline has been developed with patient partners, clinicians, and researchers around the world, with the goal to generate a useful resource for healthcare providers and patients by providing actionable recommendations.

Can you have a cake and eat it? Comparing reducing mycophenolate versus switching to everolimus for kidney transplants with new-onset BKPyV-DNAemia.

BK polyomavirus remains a vexing issue in kidney transplantation. There are no antiviral drugs, and solely reducing immunosuppression is recommended for management. However, evidence from randomized controlled studies lacks defining clearance of BK polyomavirus-DNAemia and/or nephropathy as a primary outcome.

Fluid fluctuations assessed with artificial intelligence during the maintenance phase impact anti-vascular endothelial growth factor visual outcomes in a multicentre, routine clinical care national age-related macular degeneration database.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of fluid volume fluctuations quantified with artificial intelligence in optical coherence tomography scans during the maintenance phase and visual outcomes at 12 and 24 months in a real-world, multicentre, national cohort of treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) eyes.

Methods: Demographics, visual acuity (VA) and number of injections were collected using the Fight Retinal Blindness tool. Intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), pigment epithelial detachment (PED), total fluid (TF) and central subfield thickness (CST) were quantified using the RetinAI Discovery tool.

PD-1 cis-targeted IL-2v in combination with radiotherapy inhibits lung cancer growth and remodels the immune microenvironment.

Background: More efficient therapeutic options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are needed as the survival at 5 years of metastatic disease is near zero. In this regard, we used a preclinical model of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (SV2-OVA) to assess the safety and efficacy of novel radio-immunotherapy combining hypofractionated radiotherapy (HRT) with muPD1-IL2v immunocytokine and muFAP-CD40 bispecific antibody.

Methods: We evaluated the changes in the lung immune microenvironment at multiple timepoints following combination therapies and investigated their underlying antitumor mechanisms.

Bridging thrombolysis with tenecteplase versus endovascular thrombectomy alone for large-vessel anterior circulation stroke: a target trial emulation analysis.

Background: Whether bridging thrombolysis with tenecteplase is beneficial compared with thrombectomy alone in patients who had a stroke with large-vessel occlusion remains unclear.

Methods: This is a causal inference study of observational data from the trials SWIFT DIRECT and EXTEND-IA TNK Parts 1 and 2 applying target trial emulation. We compared patients receiving thrombectomy alone to patients receiving tenecteplase 0.

An assessment of the progress made in the implementation of the regional framework for cholera prevention and control in the WHO African region.

High-burden cholera outbreaks, spreading beyond the traditional cholera-endemic countries, have been reported since 2021 in the WHO African region. Member states in the region have committed to the global goal of cholera elimination by 2030. To track progress towards this goal, WHO-African countries adopted a regional cholera prevention and control framework in 2018.