Sphingoid Base Diversity.

Sphingolipids (SL) are crucial components of cellular membranes and play pivotal roles in various biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress responses. All SL contain a sphingoid base (SPB) backbone which is the shared and class-defining element. SPBs are heterogeneous in length and structure.

Optimal magmatic oxidation conditions for giant porphyry copper deposits.

It is widely accepted that moderately to highly oxidized magmas are needed to form porphyry copper deposits (PCDs). However, only a few studies have attempted to investigate the effects of variable magmatic fO values on the formation of PCDs. Based on previously published studies, the magma oxygen fugacity of giant PCDs is mainly concentrated between ΔFMQ -0.

Ultra-high-resolution brain MRI at 0.55T: bSTAR and its application to magnetization transfer ratio imaging.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of structural sub-millimeter isotropic brain MRI at 0.55 T using a 3D half-radial dual-echo balanced steady-state free precession sequence, termed bSTAR and to assess its potential for high-resolution magnetization transfer imaging.

Methods: Phantom and in-vivo imaging of three healthy volunteers was performed on a low-field 0.

Transition-to-home arrangements for very preterm infants and related parental needs at perinatal centres in Austria and Switzerland: a cross-sectional multicentred study.

Introduction: The current study aims to give an overview of transition-to-home services provided by perinatal centres in Austria and Switzerland and to evaluate parental satisfaction with the care provided.

Methods: This cross-sectional multicentred study was conducted by performing two surveys between May 2022 and November 2023: one among all level III perinatal centres in Austria (n=7) and Switzerland (n=9) (institutional survey) and one among parents of very preterm infants treated at one selected perinatal centre in each of the two countries (parental survey). Both questionnaires consisted of matching questions focusing on current transition-to-home services.

The (dys)regulation of energy storage in obesity.

Metabolic energy stored mainly as adipose tissue is homeostatically regulated. There is strong evidence that human body weight () is physiologically regulated, i.e.

The Effects of Intercalary Fragments at the Posterior Malleolus on Ankle Joint Pressure Distribution - A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study.

Introduction: With the increased use of CTs in cases with trimalleolar ankle fractures, bone fragments between the posterior malleolus and the rest of the articular surface tibial plafond surface - described as intercalary fragments (ICFs) - can be recognized. The aim of this study was to determine the ICF size threshold for a significant change in the pressure distribution at the ankle joint, having a considerable impact on the remaining cartilage of the joint.

Design And Methods: Eight human cadaveric lower legs were used, and a posterior malleolus Bartonicek II fracture was created with sequential 2mm, 4mm, 6mm and 8mm ICFs.

Perifoveal vascular anomalous complex and telangiectatic capillaries: An overview of two entities potentially sharing a common pathophysiology.

Focal capillary ectasia in the macular region can manifest in distinct clinical scenarios, which can be categorized into 2 main entities: perifoveal vascular anomalous complex (PVAC) and telangiectatic capillaries (TelCaps). PVAC represents a primary, idiopathic condition, whereas TelCaps occur secondary to underlying vascular disorders, including diabetic macular edema and retinal vein occlusion. We provide a comprehensive analysis of these 2 entities, encompassing their clinical presentations, multimodal imaging findings, histological evidence, and differential diagnosis from other retinal microvascular abnormalities, such as Type 1 macular telangiectasia, adult-onset Coats disease, Type 3 macular neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration, and retinal arterial macroaneurysms.

Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert® Mpox and STANDARD™ M10 MPX/OPX for the detection of monkeypox virus.

Objectives: Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of two point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostic tests for the detection of monkeypox virus (MPXV): Xpert® Mpox (Cepheid, Inc., USA) and STANDARD™ M10 MPX/OPX (SD Biosensor, Inc., Korea).

Antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiological types of Legionella pneumophila human isolates from Italy (1987-2020).

Background: Although antimicrobial resistance has not yet emerged as an overarching problem for Legionella pneumophila (Lp) infection, the description of clinical and environmental strains resistant to fluoroquinolones and macrolides is a cause of concern. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Lp human isolates in Italy.

Methods: A total of 204 Lp clinical isolates were tested for sensitivity to nine antibiotics using the broth microdilution assay (BMD).

Video-based Informed Consent in Radiology - Acceptance, Satisfaction, and Effectiveness.

Before any medical procedure, including computed tomography (CT), it is crucial to ensure patients are fully informed about the risks and alternative options. Video-based informed consent offers an increased transfer of information in less time.In a monocentric, prospective, questionnaire-based study, video-based informed consent, which included a digital medical history form, was compared to the traditional paper-based consent form.

Implications of a new clinical classification of acute myocardial infarction.

Aim: The diagnostic criteria for type 2 myocardial infarction identify a heterogenous group of patients with variable outcomes and no clear treatment implications. We aimed to determine the implications of a new clinical classification for myocardial infarction with more objective diagnostic criteria using cardiac imaging.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, patients with type 2 myocardial infarction underwent coronary angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or echocardiography.

Aspirin after completion of standard adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer (ASCOLT): an international, multicentre, phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Aspirin is a simple, globally available medication that has been shown to reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aspirin in the secondary prevention of colorectal cancer.

Methods: This phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at 66 centres across 11 countries and territories (ten in Asia-Pacific; one in the Middle East).

SMC motor proteins extrude DNA asymmetrically and can switch directions.

Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes organize the genome via DNA loop extrusion. Although some SMCs were reported to do so symmetrically, reeling DNA from both sides into the extruded DNA loop simultaneously, others perform loop extrusion asymmetrically toward one direction only. The mechanism underlying this variability remains unclear.

Repeat Procedures After Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: MANIFEST-REDO Study.

Background: Initial clinical studies of pulsed field ablation (PFA) to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) indicated a >90% durability rate of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, these studies were largely conducted in single centers and involved a limited number of operators. The electrophysiological findings and outcomes in patients undergoing repeat ablation after an initial PF ablation for AF are incompletely understood.

Effect of exogenous manipulation of glucocorticoid concentrations on meerkat heart rate, behaviour and vocal production.

Encoding of emotional arousal in vocalisations is commonly observed in the animal kingdom, and provides a rapid means of information transfer about an individual's affective responses to internal and external stimuli. As a result, assessing affective arousal-related variation in the acoustic structure of vocalisations can provide insight into how animals perceive both internal and external stimuli, and how this is, in turn, communicated to con- or heterospecifics. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms driving arousal-related acoustic variation remains unclear.

The critical role of flocs in nitrification in full-scale aerobic granular sludge-based WWTP.

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is usually considered to be a biofilm system consisting of granules only, although practical experience suggests that flocs and granules of various sizes co-exist. This study thus focused on understanding the contribution of flocs and granules of various sizes to nitrification in a full-scale AGS-based wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) operated as a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The size distribution in terms of total suspended solids (TSS) and the distribution of the nitrifying communities and activities were monitored over 14 months.

Retrospective modelling of the disease and mortality burden of the 1918-1920 influenza pandemic in Zurich, Switzerland.

Background: Our study aims to enhance future pandemic preparedness by integrating lessons from historical pandemics, focusing on the multidimensional analysis of past outbreaks. It addresses the gap in existing modelling studies by combining various pandemic parameters in a comprehensive setting. Using Zurich as a case study, we seek a deeper understanding of pandemic dynamics to inform future scenarios.

Boosting trauma resilience: The power of electronic mental health support - a randomized trial.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing traumatic events, such as death, serious injury, or threats to oneself or others. Affecting 5-10 % of the population, PTSD is often underreported due to the reluctance of individuals to disclose personal traumatic experiences. This study explore the effectiveness of a digital (electronic mental health and psychosocial support) and psychologist-led intervention in mitigating PTSD symptoms.

AI contextual information shapes moral and aesthetic judgments of AI-generated visual art.

Throughout history, art creation has been regarded as a uniquely human means to express original ideas, emotions, and experiences. However, as Generative Artificial Intelligence reshapes visual, aesthetic, legal, and economic culture, critical questions arise about the moral and aesthetic implications of AI-generated art. Despite the growing use of AI tools in art, the moral impact of AI involvement in the art creation process remains underexplored.

Effect of molecular weight of tyramine-modified hyaluronan on polarization state of THP-1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived macrophages.

The immunomodulatory properties of hyaluronan and its derivatives are key to their use in medicine and tissue engineering. In this work we evaluated the capability of soluble tyramine-modified hyaluronan (THA) synthesized from hyaluronan of two molecular weights (low M = 280 kDa and high M = 1640 kDa) for polarization of THP-1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)-derived macrophages (MΦs). We demonstrate the polarization effects of the supplemented THA by flow cytometry and bead-based multiplex immunoassay for the THP-1 derived MΦs and by semi-automated image analysis from confocal microscopy, immunofluorescent staining utilizing CD68 and CD206 surface markers, RT-qPCR gene expression analysis, as well as using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for PBMCs-derived MΦs.

Progression of chronic kidney disease after non-cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Chronic-kidney-disease (CKD) is prevalent among adults undergoing noncardiac surgery, with surgery-related factors potentially worsening CKD or triggering acute kidney injury (AKI). We hypothesized that CKD patients experience more kidney function decline within one to two years post-surgery than those without CKD, particularly if they develop AKI.

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study, including noncardiac surgery patients with documented creatinine preoperative and between 1 and 2 years after surgery.

Ferrites with a Minimized Secondary Electron Yield.

Ferrites are an essential material in modern industry due to their exceptional magnetic properties and high resistivity. Many applications of ferrites necessitate exposure to high energy electrons, particularly space science and particle accelerators, where charging, multipacting, and electron clouds (ECs) are major issues. ECs are of particular concern around the Ni/Zn soft ferrite kicker magnets as the large hadron collider (LHC) undergoes its high luminosity upgrade.

Towards culturally inclusive healthcare in Peru: Mapping epistemic concepts in contemporary Indigenous Amazonian medicine-Traditional healers' perspectives.

Peru is among Latin American countries with the largest Indigenous population, yet ethnical health disparities persist, particularly in the Amazon region which comprises 60% of the national territory. Healthcare models that include Indigenous medicine and traditional healers present an important avenue for addressing such inequalities, as they increase cultural adequacy of services, healthcare access, and acknowledge Indigenous Rights for their perspectives to be represented in public healthcare. Understanding the underlying epistemologies of Indigenous medicine is a prerequisite for this purpose.