Action of the Euclidean versus projective group on an agent's internal space in curiosity driven exploration.

According to the Projective Consciousness Model (PCM), in human spatial awareness, 3-dimensional projective geometry structures information integration and action planning through perspective taking within an internal representation space. The way different perspectives are related to and transform a world model defines a specific perception and imagination scheme. In mathematics, such a collection of transformations corresponds to a 'group', whose 'actions' characterize the geometry of a space.

Incidental findings from cone-beam computed tomography in children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Purpose: The use of cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCT) in orthodontics and pediatric dentistry is constantly increasing. The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise and summarize evidence from clinical studies on the prevalence of incidental findings from CBCTs of children and adolescents.

Methods: Systematic literature searches without restrictions were undertaken in eight databases from inception up to March 2024 for studies reporting on incidental findings from CBCT images of children and adolescents.

Safety and efficiency of trainees performing bilateral internal thoracic artery coronary bypass grafting using the T-graft technique.

Objectives: Aim of this study was to assess safety and efficiency of multiarterial coronary bypass grafting using bilateral internal thoracic arteries in T-graft technique performed by trainees.

Methods: Patients from January 2005 to February 2023 who had undergone multiarterial coronary bypass grafting using bilateral internal thoracic arteries in T-graft technique were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the primary surgeon: Consultant and Trainees.

Temperature Excursion of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF Agents During Home Storage.

Importance: Some patients worldwide are asked to acquire an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent from a pharmacy, store it, and then bring it to a physician for intravitreal injection (IVT). Anti-VEGF agents must be stored in the refrigerator to avoid bacterial contamination or denaturation. Some cases of severe intraocular inflammation have been reported following IVT of more recently approved anti-VEGF agents, which might be explained by thermal instability.

Harnessing deep learning to detect bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome from chest CT.

Background: Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS), a fibrotic airway disease that may develop after lung transplantation, conventionally relies on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) for diagnosis due to limitations of CT imaging. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have not previously been used for BOS detection. This study aims to train a DNN to detect BOS in CT scans using an approach tailored for low-data scenarios.

Once-weekly IcoSema versus once-weekly semaglutide in adults with type 2 diabetes: the COMBINE 2 randomised clinical trial.

Aims/hypothesis: COMBINE 2 assessed the efficacy and safety of once-weekly IcoSema (a combination therapy of basal insulin icodec and semaglutide) vs once-weekly semaglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue) 1.0 mg in individuals with type 2 diabetes inadequately managed with GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapy, with or without additional oral glucose-lowering medications.

Methods: This 52 week, randomised, multicentre, open-label, parallel group, Phase IIIa trial was conducted across 121 sites in 13 countries/regions.

Three-dimensional linkage analysis with digital PCR for genome integrity and identity of recombinant adeno-associated virus.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has emerged as the vector of choice for in vivo gene delivery, with numerous clinical trials underway for the treatment of various human diseases. Utilizing rAAV in gene therapy requires a highly precise quantification method to determine the viral genome titer and further establish the optimal therapeutic dosage for a rAAV product. The conventional single-channel droplet digital PCR (1D ddPCR) method offers only partial information regarding the viral vector genome titer, lacking insights into its integrity.

Communicating cancer treatment with pictogram-based timeline visualizations.

Objective: This study evaluated the legibility, comprehension, and clinical usability of visual timelines for communicating cancer treatment paths. We examined how these visual aids enhance participants' and patients' understanding of their treatment plans.

Materials And Methods: The study included 2 online surveys and 1 in-person survey with hematology cancer patients.

A dataset for evaluating clinical research claims in large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance the verification of health claims. However, issues with hallucination and comprehension of logical statements require these models to be closely scrutinized in healthcare applications. We introduce CliniFact, a scientific claim dataset created from hypothesis testing results in clinical research, covering 992 unique interventions for 22 disease categories.

Contribution of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha to pathogenesis of sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) caused by autosomal-dominant mutations in genes coding for structural sarcomeric proteins, is the most common inherited heart disease. HCM is associated with myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and ventricular dysfunction. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (Hif-1α) is the central master regulators of cellular hypoxia response and associated with HCM.

Transport and inhibition of the sphingosine-1-phosphate exporter SPNS2.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lysolipid critical to heart development, immunity, and hearing. Accordingly, mutations in the S1P transporter SPNS2 are associated with reduced white cell count and hearing defects. SPNS2 also exports the S1P-mimicking FTY720-P (Fingolimod) and thereby is central to the pharmacokinetics of this drug when treating multiple sclerosis.

Triple Pelvic Osteotomy Provides Joint Stability and Acetabular Bone Stock Following Hip Hemiarthroplasty for Ewing Sarcoma: A Pediatric Case Report.

Case: Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) is used to treat developmental dysplasia of the hip in a pediatric population. This case report highlights a new indication for this procedure. Acetabular coverage was restored in a 9-year-old patient who experienced instability following hip hemiarthroplasty and proximal femur composite allograft implantation for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma.

Running trends in Switzerland from 1999 to 2019: An exploratory observational study.

Background: Several single race events (5 km, 10 km, half-marathon, marathon, ultra-marathon) in different countries and different years have been analyzed in multiple studies, representing the rising interest in endurance-based activity and thus physical health. With focus on participation numbers, performance or sex difference, many single study results were obtained. The running trends in a whole country covering a longer period of time and several race distances are missing so far.

Neoadjuvant atezolizumab in combination with dual HER2 blockade plus epirubicin in women with early HER2-positive breast cancer: the randomized phase 2 ABCSG-52/ATHENE trial.

The role of anthracyclines in the treatment of early breast cancer (EBC) is increasingly being challenged, especially in de-escalation strategies. However, owing to their immunogenic effects, anthracyclines are promising combination partners with immunotherapies. In the randomized phase 2 trial ABCSG-52 (EudraCT no.

Sleep profile in patients with septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia: protocol for a prospective cohort study.

Introduction: Children with septo-optic-pituitary dysplasia (SOD) may experience a range of visual impairments and hormonal dysfunctions beyond developmental delay/intellectual disability. The literature describes sleep fragmentation, circadian rhythm disruptions and reduced sleep efficiency. These manifestations are believed to be closely linked to both structural and functional abnormalities associated with SOD, potentially disrupting the natural circadian rhythm.

Association between the intensity of statin therapy and physical activity 1 year after acute coronary syndrome: a multicentre prospective cohort study in Switzerland.

Objectives: To assess the association between the intensity of statin therapy and the level of physical activity in patients 1 year after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Design: Prospective cohort study from the Special Program University Medicine-Acute Coronary Syndromes.

Setting: Four university hospital centres in Switzerland.

Age- and sex-specific differences in myocardial sympathetic tone and left ventricular remodeling following myocardial injury.

Background: Presentations and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (MI) differ between women and men, with the worst outcomes being reported in younger women. Mental stress induced ischemia and sympathetic activation have been suggested to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of MI in younger women, however, the impact of sex hormones on these parameters remains unknown.

Methods: The effect of sex hormones and age on myocardial infarct size and myocardial sympathetic activity (MSA) was assessed in male and female, as well as young (4-6 months) and aged (20-22 months) FVB/N mice (n = 106, 60 gonadectomized and 46 sham-operated animals) who underwent in vivo [C]meta-hydroxyephedrine ([C]mHED) positron emission tomography (PET) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging 24 h after a 30 min myocardial ischemic injury.

PET-Based Risk Stratification in Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma: A Comparative Analysis of Different Segmentation Methods in the IELSG37 Trial Patient Cohort.

Standardizing tumor measurement on F-FDG PET is crucial for the routine clinical use of powerful PET-derived lymphoma prognostic factors such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). The recent proposal of an SUV of 4 as a new reference segmentation threshold for most aggressive lymphomas may homogenize volume-based metrics and facilitate their clinical application. This study compared MTV and TLG in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) patients estimated using an SUV of 4 and the current threshold at 25% of SUV Baseline PET metrics were evaluated in 501 PMBCL patients from the IELSG37 trial.

Hemoglobin mass is accurately predicted in endurance athletes.

Hemoglobin mass (Hb) prediction enhance the accessibility and practicality of athletes' hemoglobin status monitoring, facilitating better performance. Therefore, we aimed to create prediction equations for Hb in well-trained endurance athletes (EA), based on easily obtained measures. The population of 220 well-trained EA (40% females, maximal oxygen uptake = 63.

Revered and Reviled: The Plight of the Vanishing Sea Cucumbers.

Sea cucumbers paradoxically suffer from being both highly prized and commonly disregarded. As an Asian medicine and delicacy, they command fabulous prices and are thus overfished, poached, and trafficked. As noncharismatic animals, many are understudied and inadequately protected.

Transcriptome analysis of novel B16 melanoma metastatic variants generated by serial intracarotid artery injection.

The incidence of brain metastases (BrM) in patients with metastatic melanoma is reported to be 30-50% and constitutes the third most frequent BrM after breast and renal cancers. Treatment strategies including surgical resection, stereotactic radiation, and immunotherapy have improved clinical response rates and overall survival, but the changes that occur in circulating melanoma cells to promote invasion of the brain are not fully understood. To investigate brain tropism, we generated new variants of the B16 mouse melanoma model by serially passaging B16 cells through the brain of immune competent syngeneic C57BL/6 mice.