Genetic ancestry superpopulations show distinct prevalence and outcomes across pediatric central nervous system tumors from the PBTA and PNOC.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) tumors lead to cancer-related mortality in children. Genetic ancestry-associated cancer prevalence and outcomes have been studied, but is limited.

Methods: We performed genetic ancestry prediction in 1,452 pediatric patients with paired normal and tumor whole genome sequencing from the Open Pediatric Cancer (OpenPedCan) project to evaluate the influence of reported race and ethnicity and ancestry-based genetic superpopulations on tumor histology, molecular subtype, survival, and treatment.

Human Oncostatin M deficiency underlies an inherited severe bone marrow failure syndrome.

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine with the unique ability to interact with both the OSM receptor (OSMR) and the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). On the other hand, OSMR interacts with IL31RA to form the interleukin-31 receptor. This intricate network of cytokines and receptors makes it difficult to understand the specific function of OSM.

Third Proceedings of The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC): Consensus Statement on Trial Design for Airway Stenosis.

Importance: Airway stenosis is a rare but debilitating disorder that significantly degrades the quality of life in affected patients. Treatments are primarily surgical, and disease management lacks established medical therapies. The North American Airway Collaborative held its third symposium at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, on April 15, 2024, focused on strategies to advance the care of these patients.

Child Maltreatment Characteristics and Adult Physical Multimorbidity in Germany.

Importance: Associations between child maltreatment (CM) and health have been studied broadly, but most studies focus on multiplicity (number of experienced subtypes of CM). Studies assessing multiple CM characteristics are scarce, partly due to methodological challenges, and were mostly conducted in patient samples.

Objective: To determine the importance of CM characteristics in association with physical multimorbidity in adulthood for women and men in a German representative sample.

Making Mo(0) a Competitive Alternative to Ir(III) in Phosphors and Photocatalysts.

Iridium is used in commercial light-emitting devices and in photocatalysis but is among the rarest stable chemical elements. Therefore, replacing iridium(III) in photoactive molecular complexes with abundant metals is of great interest. First-row transition metals generally tend to yield poorer luminescence behavior, and it remains difficult to obtain excited states with redox properties that exceed those of noble-metal-based photocatalysts.

Early intervention in eating disorders: introducing the chronopathogram.

Eating disorders (EDs) pose significant challenges to mental and physical health, particularly among adolescents and young adults, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating risk factors. Despite advancements in psychosocial and pharmacological treatments, improvements remain limited. Early intervention in EDs, inspired by the model developed for psychosis, emphasizes the importance of timely identification and treatment initiation to improve prognosis.

Improving postsurgical paresis in brain tumor patients by transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Background And Objectives: Recently, reduction of transcallosal inhibition by contralateral navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) improved neurorehabilitation of glioma patients with new postoperative paresis. This multicentric study examines the effect of postoperative nrTMS in brain tumor patients to treat surgery-related upper extremity paresis.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of two randomized and three one-arm studies in brain tumor patients with new/progressive postoperative paresis.

Microvascular reconstruction in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a Europe-wide data collection.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze microvascular reconstruction in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) in Europe.

Methods: Based on previous studies, a dynamic online questionnaire was developed and subjected to internal and external evaluation. The questionnaire comprised multiple-choice, rating, and open-ended questions, addressing general and specific aspects and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on microvascular reconstruction in OMFS in Europe.

Centriolar cap proteins CP110 and CPAP control slow elongation of microtubule plus ends.

Centrioles are microtubule-based organelles required for the formation of centrosomes and cilia. Centriolar microtubules, unlike their cytosolic counterparts, are stable and grow very slowly, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we reconstituted in vitro the interplay between the proteins that cap distal centriole ends and control their elongation: CP110, CEP97, and CPAP/SAS-4.

Acute effects of psilocybin on attention and executive functioning in healthy volunteers: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.

Rationale: Psilocybin shows promise for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, insight into its acute effects on cognition is lacking. Given the significant role of executive functions in daily life and treatment efficacy, it is crucial to evaluate how psilocybin influences these cognitive domains.

Survey of legislative frameworks and national recommendations governing paediatric maintenance haemodialysis in Europe.

Background: The application of international recommendations for paediatric maintenance haemodialysis (HD) could be strengthened by national laws or written recommendations. Our aim was therefore to describe the national rules governing paediatric maintenance HD in European countries.

Methods: A national representative, approved by the president of each paediatric nephrology society, was contacted in all 42 European countries to complete two online questionnaires.

Self-perceptions of aging and social goals.

Existing research shows a clear link between the way people experience the aging process (i.e., self-perceptions of aging) and their health, cognitive abilities, and well-being.

Pooled safety analysis and management of sotorasib-related adverse events in KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: We describe the safety of sotorasib monotherapy in patients with KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discuss practical recommendations for managing key risks.

Methods: Incidence rates of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were pooled from 4 clinical trials: CodeBreaK 100 (NCT03600883), CodeBreaK 101 (NCT04185883), CodeBreaK 105 (NCT04380753), and CodeBreaK 200 (NCT04303780) and graded according to CTCAE v5.0.

A Cross-sectional Study Investigating the Oral Health Status of Adult and Elderly Swiss Community-Dwellers.

Purpose: To evaluate the oral health status of community-dwellers ≥ 45 years of age in the canton of Bern, Switzerland.

Materials And Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire (including sociodemographic factors, medical history, oral health behaviour) and a clinical examination comprising caries, periodontal disease, oral hygiene, and prosthetic rehabilitation. χ2/Fisher's tests and Cochrane Armitage trend tests as well as a binary logistic regression were performed to assess the association between oral disease presence (i.

Elevated Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Prognosis in Acute Myocarditis.

Background: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easy-to-use inflammatory biomarker. Baseline NLR is independently associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, whether this applies to acute myocarditis (AM) has not been evaluated.

Opportunities for More Tailored Approaches to Genotoxicity Testing and Carcinogenicity Strategy for Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Outcome of an Industry Survey.

The Oligonucleotide Nonclinical Working Group (WG) of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations conducted an industry survey to understand current practices and regulatory expectations for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity assessment of oligonucleotide therapeutics (ONTs), along with historical genotoxicity testing results. The survey, involving 29 pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, revealed a consistent absence of genotoxicity across a diverse range of oligonucleotide classes and chemistries, consistent with previous observations. Despite the lack of genotoxicity, companies continue to follow standard testing guidelines, with only limited divergence.

Crown ether functionalization boosts CO electroreduction to ethylene on copper-based MOFs.

The electroconversion of CO into ethylene (CH) offers a promising solution to environmental and energy challenges. Crown ether (CE) modification significantly enhances the CH selectivity of copper-based MOFs, improving CH faradaic efficiency (FE) in CuBTC, CuBDC, and CuBDC-NH by 3.1, 1.

An In Vivo Biostability Evaluation of ALD and Parylene-ALD Multilayers as Micro-Packaging Solutions for Small Single-Chip Implants.

Miniaturization of next-generation active neural implants requires novel micro-packaging solutions that can maintain their long-term coating performance in the body. This work presents two thin-film coatings and evaluates their biostability and in vivo performance over a 7-month animal study. To evaluate the coatings on representative surfaces, two silicon microchips with different surface microtopography are used.

Anti-HIV-1 Effect of the Fluoroquinolone Enoxacin and Modulation of Pro-Viral hsa-miR-132 Processing in CEM-SS Cells.

Background: Despite tremendous advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) against HIV-1 infections, no cure or vaccination is available. Therefore, discovering novel therapeutic strategies remains an urgent need. In that sense, miRNAs and miRNA therapeutics have moved intensively into the focus of recent HIV-1-related investigations.

Acute Effects of Passive Stretching with and Without Vibration on Hip Range of Motion, Temperature, and Stiffness Parameters in Male Elite Athletes.

: Increasing exercise intensity and performance output with superimposed vibration gains interest, especially in high-performance training. However, the additional benefit of vibration in passive stretching exercises and its mechanisms remain unclarified. : Passive stretching with (ST+V) and without (ST) vibration (20 Hz) was performed in male Olympic youth skiing athletes ( = 8, age: 17.

Can Hearing Aids Improve Physical Activity in Adults with Hearing Loss? A Feasibility Study.

: Adults with hearing loss demonstrate poorer overall health outcomes (e.g., physical health, cognitive functioning and wellbeing) and lower levels of physical activity/function compared to those without hearing loss.

Impact of Varying Sleep Pressure on Daytime Sleep Propensity in Healthy Young and Older Adults.

Fixed sleep schedules with an 8 h time in bed (TIB) are used to ensure participants are well-rested before laboratory studies. However, such schedules may lead to cumulative excess wakefulness in young individuals. Effects on older individuals are unknown.

In silico optimization of a challenging bispecific antibody chromatography step.

Mechanistic modeling of chromatographic steps is an effective tool in biopharma process development that enhances process understanding and accelerates optimization efforts and subsequent risk assessment. A relatively new model for ion exchange chromatography is the colloidal particle adsorption (CPA) formalism, which promises improved separation of material and molecule-specific parameters. This case study demonstrates a straightforward CPA modeling workflow to describe an ion exchange chromatography polishing step of a knobs-into-holes construct bispecific antibody molecule.