Microbial micronutrient sharing, gut redox balance and keystone taxa as a basis for a new perspective to solutions targeting health from the gut.

In health, the gut microbiome functions as a stable ecosystem maintaining overall balance and ensuring its own survival against environmental stressors through complex microbial interaction. This balance and protection from stressors is maintained through interactions both within the bacterial ecosystem as well as with its host. As a consequence, the gut microbiome plays a critical role in various physiological processes including maintaining the structure and function of the gut barrier, educating the gut immune system, and modulating the gut motor, digestive/absorptive, as well as neuroendocrine system all of which are crucial for human health and disease pathogenesis.

Correlation Between Clozapine and CRP Levels in Relation to Smoking Status.

Aims: Both inflammation and smoking are known to affect clozapine metabolism. However, the impact of inflammation on clozapine metabolism in relation to smoking status is unclear. Therefore, we investigated correlations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and clozapine levels in smokers and non-smokers separately.

Pirfenidone to prevent fibrosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome: The PIONEER study protocol.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is a major complication of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Pirfenidone is an approved treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It may attenuate ARDS-related fibrosis and decrease the need for prolonged ventilation.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prurigo Nodularis: A Systematic Review.

Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin condition characterized by nodular skin lesions in a typical distribution pattern caused by various dermatological and/or non-dermatological conditions. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the cutaneous pathophysiology of PN resulting in novel treatment options such as Interleukin-4, -13, -17, -31- or Januskinase inhibitors. However, many aspects of the neurophysiology are largely unknown, including the processing in the central structural and functional network involved in PN.

Importance of Tubulin Detyrosination in Platelet Biogenesis.

Background: The functional diversity of microtubules is regulated through the expression of distinct α- and β-tubulin isotypes together with several post-translational modifications, a concept known as tubulin code. Tubulin detyrosination is a reversible post-translational modification which consists in the removal of the genetically encoded C-terminal tyrosine residue of most α-tubulins. While this modification has been observed in the megakaryocyte lineage, its importance remains poorly understood in platelet biogenesis.

Designing the next generation of clinical trials in intermediate AMD- a consensus driven, pragmatic, proof of concept early intervention study.

A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of AMD has yielded potential therapeutic strategies for slowing vision loss. Structural imaging biomarkers and novel functional outcomes, both under intensive study as surrogate endpoints in AMD clinical trials, are new granular tools needed to assess disease progression and follow response to therapy. These advances have created, for the first time, the possibility to intervene early in AMD, and to measure success in a time frame feasible for clinical trials.

Conduct disorder is associated with heightened action initiation and reduced learning from punishment but not reward.

Background: Theoretical and empirical accounts of conduct disorder (CD) suggest problems with reinforcement learning as well as heightened impulsivity. These two facets can manifest in similar behaviour, such as risk-taking. Computational models that can dissociate learning from impulsively initiating actions are essential for understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying CD.

One-Stage versus Two-Stage Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Bilateral total knee arthroplasty (B-TKA) represents an increasingly used option to address advanced bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to quantify and compare one-stage and two-stage B-TKA results in terms of clinical outcomes, perioperative parameters, complication, revision, and mortality rates.

Methods: The literature search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science) in February 2024 according to the guidelines for Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA).

Microsurgical anatomy of periventricular white matter from the endoventricular perspective.

Background: Understanding the spatial disposition of fiber bundles is a requisite for efficient operative planning in cerebral surgery, respecting the most eloquent structures even when not seen by the naked eye.

Aim: In this study, we used fiber dissection to demonstrate critical relationships between the lateral ventricles and white matter fasciculi.

Method: Twenty cerebral hemispheres obtained from body donation were used to study the lateral ventricles, white matter tracts, and their anatomical relationships.

Hepatitis B core-related antigen rapid diagnostic test for point-of-care identification of women at high risk of hepatitis B vertical transmission: a multicountry diagnostic accuracy study.

Background: Timely administration of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) birth dose vaccine, along with identifying high-risk pregnant individuals for antiviral prophylaxis, is essential for the global elimination of vertical transmission of HBV. However, in resource-limited settings, access to HBV DNA testing is scarce, and accurate rapid tests for HBeAg are lacking. We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of a newly developed hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) rapid diagnostic test (RDT) to identify women who are HBsAg-positive and eligible for antiviral prophylaxis.

EEG microstates during resting-state and dissociative events in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures.

Objective: Previous neuroimaging studies indicate complex network alterations in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) patients, but brain activity modifications occurring during PNES remain unexplored. This study aimed to analyze EEG microstate metrics in PNES patients both during events and resting state to investigate the neurophysiological changes underlying these dissociative events.

Methods: We recruited 22 PNES patients and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Most influential symptoms in the early detection of clinical high risk for psychosis in Indonesia: A basic symptom network.

Basic symptoms (BS) are subtle, self-experienced disturbances in mental processes. Cognitive, visual and acoustic BS were included in clinical-high risk criteria for psychosis (CHR-P). So far, their interplay has been studied only in Western samples and always in concert with other symptoms, such as (attenuated) psychotic symptoms.

Feeling at home in a virtually amputated body; neural and phenomenological effects of illusory embodiment in body integrity dysphoria.

In Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) a profound incongruity between the physical body and the desired, i.e., amputated body, often leads to a desire for limb amputation.

Immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic or non-resectable melanoma after failure of adjuvant anti-PD-1 treatment. A EUMelaReg real-world evidence study.

Background: Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with anti-PD-1 antibodies in high-risk resected melanoma has been shown to improve recurrence-free survival. It is unclear whether prior adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy is associated with altered response to subsequent ICI treatment in the metastatic setting.

Methods: Using data from the European Melanoma Registry (EUMelaReg), we analyzed the efficiency of first-line (1L) ICI in non-resectable or metastatic melanoma after failure from prior adjuvant anti-PD-1 treatment.

Duration of mild acute SARS-CoV-2 infections with Omicron depending on previous vaccinations and infections - Using data of the German DigiHero cohort study from post-pandemic winters 2022/2023 and 2023/2024.

Objectives: Protection against severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination or infection was extensively studied. It is unknown whether this effect also translates into shortened duration of mild infections. We assessed the duration of symptoms depending on vaccination status and previous SARS-CoV-2 infections among individuals with a mild course of infection.

Frontoparietal theta stimulation causally links working memory with impulsive decision making.

Delaying gratification in value-based decision making is canonically related to activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), but past research neglected that the dlPFC is part of a larger frontoparietal network. It is therefore unknown whether the dlPFC causally implements delay of gratification in concert with posterior parts of the frontoparietal network rather than in isolation. Here, we addressed this gap by testing the effects of frontoparietal theta synchronization and desynchronization on impulsive decision making using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).

Dietary patterns derived using reduced rank regression in postmenopausal women and risk of mortality: A population-based study.

Objectives: The menopause transition increases the risk of chronic conditions in women. Given the crucial role of diet in health, we identified dietary patterns that explain variations in factors related to major health concerns in postmenopausal women. Also, we explored their association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.

RF-EMF exposure assessment with add-on uplink exposure sensor in different microenvironments in seven European countries.

Introduction: Several devices have been developed to assess exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF). Since the existing solutions to measure the personal exposure induced by emerging 5G New Radio (NR) are expensive, complex, and bulky, a new cost efficient and low-complexity sensor is developed, that aims to measure RF-EMF exposure in different scenarios of data transmission within different areas.

Methods: With this novel sensor, activity-based microenvironmental surveys were conducted across seven European countries: Belgium, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.

Safety and efficacy of rilzabrutinib vs placebo in adults with immune thrombocytopenia: the phase 3 LUNA3 study.

Rilzabrutinib is a covalent, reversible BTK inhibitor with multiple mechanisms targeting key immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) disease pathophysiology. The phase 3 LUNA3 study in previously treated adults with persistent/chronic ITP evaluated oral rilzabrutinib 400 mg bid (n=133) vs placebo (n=69) for 24 weeks. At baseline overall, median age was 47 years (range, 18-80), 63% female, 7.

HLA-haploidentical stem cell transplantation for chronic granulomatous disease: an EBMT-IEWP retrospective study.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn error of immunity characterized by defective NADPH oxidase function, leading to impaired microbial killing, recurrent infections and granulomatous inflammation. Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for CGD, particularly effective when a fully HLA-matched donor is available. However, the place of HLA-haploidentical HSCT remains less established.

Itacitinib for the Prevention of IEC Therapy-Associated CRS: Results From the Two-Part Phase 2 INCB 39110-211 Study.

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell (IEC)-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) are common complications following IEC therapy for hematologic malignancies. This two-part, phase 2 study (INCB 39110-211) investigated safety and efficacy of itacitinib, a potent, highly selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor with broad anti-inflammatory activity, for prevention of CRS and ICANS in patients receiving commercial CD19-directed IEC therapy. Patients in part 1 received once-daily itacitinib 200 mg 3 days before IEC therapy (axicabtagene ciloleucel [axi-cel], brexucabtagene autoleucel, or tisagenlecleucel) through Day 26, with guidelines for use of other CRS/ICANS interventions.

Trajectory of parental health-related quality of life after neonatal hospitalization - a prospective cohort study.

Background: Health-related quality of life is an important measure of patient-reported outcomes. There is limited evidence on how parental health-related quality of life develops after neonatal hospitalization.

Objective: To evaluate parents' health-related quality of life (HRQL) during the year following their infant's treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).