Cerebral manifestations of falciparum malaria in adults: more than meets the eye.

The application of neuroimaging techniques to patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection has uncovered a wide range of brain changes not only in cerebral malaria but also in noncomatose patients. We propose several hypotheses to unify findings across the spectrum of clinical malaria in adults and highlight the urgent need to evaluate potential long-term effects of cerebral alterations on neurocognition in this understudied age group.

'When global health meets global goals': assessing the alignment between antimicrobial resistance and sustainable development policies in 10 African and Asian countries.

Background: Sustainable development goals (SDGs) may play a pivotal role in mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study examines how countries can integrate AMR mitigation with sustainable development strategies, providing evidence on the prioritisation of AMR-related efforts within both agendas.

Methods: We conducted a comparative analysis of the international global action plan (GAP) and national action plan (NAP) on AMR and SDGs across 10 countries in Africa and Asia.

Concordance between the updated Elecsys cerebrospinal fluid immunoassays and amyloid positron emission tomography for Alzheimer's disease assessment: findings from the Apollo study.

Objectives: The Apollo study was designed to support the clinical performance verification of the adjusted cutoffs of the Elecsys β-Amyloid(1-42) (Aβ) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) II, β-Amyloid(1-40) (Aβ) CSF, Phospho-Tau (181P) (pTau) CSF and Total-Tau (tTau) CSF immunoassays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd) for measuring fresh CSF samples, and assess the concordance of the Elecsys CSF pTau/Aβ, tTau/Aβ and Aβ/Aβ ratios, as well as Aβ alone, with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) visual read status.

Methods: The primary study endpoint was to assess the concordance of the Elecsys CSF ratios and Aβ alone with amyloid PET visual read status using fresh CSF samples collected from individuals with subjective cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment, handled with a new routine-use pre-analytical procedure and measured with the Elecsys CSF immunoassays. The sample stability after 1- to 13-week storage at -20 °C was also investigated in an exploratory analysis.

Flimsy but handy: Devising an algorithm as a novel approach to the pharmacotherapy of cocaine addiction.

Cocaine addiction is a devastating disorder, not only for the individual but also for society. Due to the rapid increase in cocaine consumption worldwide, cocaine and its deleterious psychiatric and physical consequences have increasingly become a major focus of addiction medicine. Unfortunately, advances in the treatment of cocaine addiction cannot keep pace with the surging demand for effective, fast-acting, readily available and affordable therapies.

Sex-Specific Fall Trajectories and Associated Self-Reported Risk Factors: A Prospective Analysis of the 3-Year 5-Country DO-HEALTH Trial.

Objective: Few studies have explored specific trajectories or patterns of falls over time in older adults, and the role of sex and self-reported risk factors for these trajectories were overlooked. This study aimed to identify sex-specific fall trajectories over 3 years and the self-reported risk factors associated with each trajectory in European older adults.

Design: Observational analysis of DO-HEALTH, a double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Innate immune system signaling and intestinal dendritic cells migration to the brain underlie behavioral changes after microbial colonization in adult mice.

Background And Aims: Accumulating evidence suggests the microbiota is a key factor in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI), by affecting host immune and neural systems. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive due to their complexity and clinical heterogeneity of patients with DGBIs. We aimed to identify neuroimmune pathways that are critical in microbiota-gut-brain communication during de novo gut colonization.

Right heart failure and mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions.

Aims: To assess the association between right heart failure (RHF) and mortality in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI), and to determine whether clinical RHF status reduces the survival benefit of successful versus failed TTVI.

Methods And Results: The TriValve International Registry (Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Therapies) is a multicenter registry collecting data of patients with symptomatic, severe or greater TR undergoing TTVI. The population was stratified according to RHF status defined by the following clinical criteria: history of previous hospitalization for RHF (<1 year) OR presence of signs of RHF (jugular venous distension, ascites, peripheral oedema) OR high dose diuretic (≥125 mg/day of furosemide or equivalent).

Scaling-up symptom-agnostic, community-wide screening towards global tuberculosis elimination: opportunities, challenges and lessons from history.

There has been little change in global TB incidence in the 21 century. Although case notification has increased, millions of people with TB each year remain unreached. Recently there has been increased recognition that many people with undiagnosed, potentially infectious TB do not experience or report TB symptoms.

Evaluation of the short-term stability of 6α-chloro-testosterone, 6β-bromo-androstenedione and 6-oxo-androstenedione in dimethylsulfoxide and methanol using liquid and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry.

This work studied the short-term stability of 6α-chloro-testosterone (6-CT), 6β-bromo-androstenedione (6-BrAED) and 6-oxo-androstenedione (6-oxo-AED) in methanol (MeOH) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Solutions of 6-CT, 6-BrAED and 6-oxo-AED were prepared in MeOH and DMSO. They were stored at room temperature, +4°C and -20 °C.

Polarity-guided uneven mitotic divisions control brassinosteroid activity in proliferating plant root cells.

Brassinosteroid hormones are positive regulators of plant organ growth, yet their function in proliferating tissues remains unclear. Here, through integrating single-cell RNA sequencing with long-term live-cell imaging of the Arabidopsis root, we reveal that brassinosteroid activity fluctuates throughout the cell cycle, decreasing during mitotic divisions and increasing during the G1 phase. The post-mitotic recovery of brassinosteroid activity is driven by the intrinsic polarity of the mother cell, resulting in one daughter cell with enhanced brassinosteroid signaling, while the other supports brassinosteroid biosynthesis.

The neuroscience of dance takes center stage.

This paper explores the trajectory and horizons of dance neuroscience. Bridging art and science to reveal neurobiological underpinnings of skilled movement, multisensory integration, social interaction, and aesthetics, researchers in this field are creatively channeling methodological innovation to maximize interdisciplinary impact.

Implementing the 'Integrated Model for Supervision' for mental health and psychosocial support programming within humanitarian emergencies: A mixed-methods evaluation across six humanitarian contexts.

Background: The 'Integrated Model for Supervision' (IMS) offers important guidance for how to provide supportive supervision within mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programming in humanitarian emergencies. The current study sought to (i) describe how the IMS was implemented following IMS training; (ii) assess whether delivery of the IMS training is associated with changes in a selection of theoretically supported quantitative outcomes; and (iii) elicit feedback on the IMS and its implementation process.

Methods: Data was collected from a participant pool of n = 119 individuals from six different humanitarian organisations that had previously participated in an IMS training.

Co-effects of sediment and climate policies on agriculture in New Zealand.

Sediment mitigation policies are closely linked with other agri-environmental policies and practices that control sedimentation can have impacts to a range of ecosystem services. It is therefore critical to understand the synergies and tradeoffs between sediment and other policies. Our case study is New Zealand, since it has an established emissions trading scheme and other climate and sediment policies.

Social neuropsychology of epilepsy in the digital age: A narrative review on challenges and opportunities.

Background And Objectives: Social cognition (e.g., theory of mind and emotion recognition) is frequently impaired in people with epilepsy (PWE) and plays a critical role in social functioning.

Too much or too little? Fluid resuscitation in the first 24 h after severe burns: Evaluating the Parkland formula - A retrospective analysis of adult burn patients in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland 2015-2022.

Background: Fluid resuscitation after a burn injury is one of the crucial aspects of acute therapy. The Parkland formula is a quick solution for determining the amount of fluid necessary in a specific situation, although it is not strictly followed or used in current practice. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between a deviation from the Parkland formula and in-hospital mortality.

Time-efficient approach for environmental transformation and bioavailability assessment of isotopically enriched nanoparticles to increase environmental relevance.

The increasing use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) and their release into the environment requires an assessment of their fate and (eco-) toxicological effects. Previous studies have often focused on pristine NPs or NPs spiked into the effluent of simulated wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) fed with artificial wastewater, combined with unrealistic high exposure concentrations to overcome problems associated with high metal background concentrations. In this study environmentally transformed NPs were obtained by direct spiking into an anaerobic digester filled with municipal sewage sludge.

Efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: Larotrectinib is the first-in-class, highly selective TRK inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in various TRK fusion solid tumours. We report the efficacy and safety of larotrectinib in patients with TRK fusion gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.

Methods: Patients with TRK fusion GI cancer from NAVIGATE (NCT02576431) were included.

Treatment decision-making factors and sequencing in recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Treatment options for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN) have evolved over the past decade and have helped improve survival outcomes for patients. Most national and regional guidelines recommend first-line therapy with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (with or without chemotherapy) or a cetuximab-based regimen, by assessment of expression levels of the biomarker programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). However, patient- and tumor-specific factors, including the patient's age, comorbidities, performance status, and tumor burden, kinetics and spread also need to be considered to optimize treatment in the first line.

MACULA EDEMA AND SILICONE OIL TAMPONADE: CLINICAL FEATURES, PREDICTIVE FACTORS, AND TREATMENT.

Purpose: To determine the incidence, prognostic factors and management of macular edema (ME) associated with silicone oil (SO) tamponade.

Methods: This retrospective, comparative, observational study included patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and SO tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) or persistent full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and OCT findings were analyzed, focusing on the presence of ME.

Comparison of generic drug prices in Korea and eight high-income countries across four therapeutic classes.

Background: The prices of generic drugs in general are known to be higher in Korea than in other countries. However, it remains unknown whether the price levels of generic drugs in Korea relative to other countries can differ by therapeutic class. Therefore, this study compared the prices of generic drugs in four commonly used drug classes in Korea with those in other high-income countries.

Primary Hyperparathyroidism induces Erythropoietin resistance through FGF23.

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) often causes hypercalcemia and complications requiring parathyroidectomy (PTX). Anemia affects 15-50% of PHPT patients, but its mechanisms remain unclear. While parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) contribute to anemia in secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) through erythropoietin (EPO) resistance and bone marrow fibrosis, their roles in PHPT are less defined.

Metabolic network reconstruction as a resource for analyzing Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 growth in the mouse intestine.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella strains (NTS) are among the most common foodborne enteropathogens and constitute a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, imposing a substantial burden on global health. The increasing antibiotic resistance of NTS bacteria has attracted a lot of research on understanding their modus operandi during infection. Growth in the gut lumen is a critical phase of the NTS infection.

Unsupervised machine learning identifies biomarkers of disease progression in post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan.

Background: Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) appears as a rash in some individuals who have recovered from visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani. Today, basic knowledge of this neglected disease and how to predict its progression remain largely unknown.

Methods And Findings: This study addresses the use of several biochemical, haematological and immunological variables, independently or through unsupervised machine learning (ML), to predict PKDL progression risk.