Cortical desmoids in adolescent top-level athletes.

Two adolescent, highly active athletes are presented with unspecific symptoms of anterior knee pain. Conventional radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a suspicious but pathognomonic cortical irregularity of the dorsal, medial femoral condyle. Cortical desmoid is one of the most common incidental osseous findings on conventional radiographs and MRI of the knee.

Landmarks of the normal adult human trochlea based on axial MRI measurements: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: For deepening trochleoplasty, a procedure used worldwide to correct trochlear dysplasia, only few surgical steps are described precisely. Important surgical landmarks, such as optimal cartilaginous trochlear depth and percentages of the new lateral and medial facet, remain unanswered.

Methods: A cross-sectional study (January 2011-August 2012) was carried out in adult patients (16-35 years) without trochlear dysplasia, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Surgical management of traumatic avulsion of the ischial tuberosity in young athletes.

Objective: Complete traumatic avulsion of the ischial tuberosity in young athletes is rare, and the optimal treatment is unclear. The purpose of this article is to present our experience and the efficacy of surgical repair of avulsions of the ischial tuberosity with bony dislocation of more than 2 cm and to discuss the complex postoperative rehabilitation.

Methods: Three young athletes sustained complete avulsion of the ischial tuberosity with bony dislocation during different sport activities (long jump, soccer, sprinting).

Radiological evaluation for conflict of the femoral tunnel entrance area prior to anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery.

Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) revision surgery is a demanding procedure and requires meticulous pre-operative clinical and radiological assessment. In clinical practice the position of the femoral tunnel is identified mainly using plain radiographs (XR). Two-dimensional computed tomography (2D-CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not yet routine imaging methods and are only performed in specific clinical indications or in the scientific setting.

Patellar instability with increased knee flexion due to lateral femoral condyle distal dysplasia: a report of two cases.

We present two case reports with clinical and radiological assessment of the anatomical features at the distal lateral end of trochlea and femur in patients with patellar instability in higher knee flexion and how these findings could possibly be involved in the genesis of this rare type of patellar instability. Both patients underwent several (nine and seven) surgical procedures, but the patellar instability could not be successfully eliminated. Our hypothesis was that a short and flattened lateral distal condyle/trochlea may cause lateral patellar instability in higher flexion.

[Osteotomies].

Skeletal geometry, soft tissues, and neuromuscular control influence the patellofemoral gliding mechanism. Abnormal skeletal geometry - such as increased femoral anteversion, trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, increased tibial external torsion, increased tibial tubercle lateralization, and variations of combined deformities - may lead to patellofemoral complaints. Altered vectors and forces acting on the patellofemoral joint can cause cartilage failure with later arthrosis, instability, and musculotendinous insufficiency.